交通事故信息分析与责任认定系统建模研究

交通事故信息分析和事故责任认定是交通管理工作的重要内容之一,将交通事故信息分析放入人、车、路等交通大环境中考虑,以数据仓库为基础,采用联机分析、数据挖掘、知识发现等新一代信息分析手段和计算智能技术,构建了一个实用高效的交通事故信息智能分析与责任认定系统,并阐述了系统各主要组成部分功能及其关键技术与实现方法。系统正应用于我国南方某省的交通管理部门。     

事故致因理论在信息安全事件中的应用分析

本文建立了信息安全事故致因分析理论和事故致因分析模型,并且对近年来的两起重大的信息安全事件应用事故致因模型进行事故致因分析,相信在对重大信息安全事件科学深入分析的基础上对信息安全监管工作的完善能够起到作用.     

基于加权信息论的突发事件新闻主题抽取方法

在分析突发事件新闻文本特点的基础上,提出了一种基于加权信息论的主题抽取方法,与传统的方法相比,该方法既考虑了主题词在文本中所合统计信息,又考虑了突发事件新闻文本中主题词出现的位置特征.实验结果表明,采用该方法对突发事件新闻文本进行主题抽取具有较好的性能.     

基于修正熵权算法的信息披露质量评价

基于信息披露质量与信息披露违规的对偶关系,从违规行为直接评价与违规影响间接评价两个方面,构建了三级层次的信息披露质量评价指标体系,并利用建立在一般熵权算法基础上的修正熵权算法,评价了深交所1 385家上市公司的信息披露质量。实证计算、t检验及Wilcoxon检验的结果表明,修正熵权算法既保证评价结果无显著性差异,也比一般熵权算法更具适用性和有效性。     

A small samples training framework for deep Learning-based automatic information extraction: Case study of construction accident news reports analysis

Knowledge management is crucial for construction safety management. Widely collected and well-organized safety-related documents are recognized to be significant in raising the workers' security awareness and then to prevent hazards and accidents. To improve document processing efficiency, automatic information extraction plays an important role. However, currently, automatic information extraction modeling requires large scale training datasets. It is a big challenge for the engineering industry, especially for the fields which heavily rely on the experts’ knowledge. Limited data sources, and high time and labor costs make it not practical to establish a large-scale dataset. This work proposed a natural language data augmentation-based small samples training framework for automatic information extraction modeling. With the designed cross combination-based text data augmentation algorithm, the deep neural network can be employed to build up automatic information extraction models without large-scale raw data and manual annotations. Characters semantic coding is employed to avoid word segmentation and make sure that the framework can be utilized in different writing language systems. The BiLSTM-CRF model is adopted as the detection core to conduct character classification. Through a case study of two independent accident news report datasets analysis, the proposed framework has been validated. A reliable and robust automatic information extraction model can be established, even though with small samples training.     

Next generation networking: distributed multimedia information for healthcare

This paper is derived from a keynote address given that the DMS-03 meeting. It chronicles the need and development of next generation networks (NGN) in the United States. Specific organizational examples are derived from the Internet2-Abilene Network. The technical characteristics of a next generation network versus the Internet are discussed. Examples are given from the point of view of the need for a quality of service based network to deliver distributed multimedia healthcare information to the point of need. The concepts of network trust and of a network based scalable information infrastructure for the reliable delivery of distributed multimedia information is also introduced.

Dealing with conflicting information from multiple nonlinear texts: Effects of prior attitudes

This study investigated the effects of prior attitudes on how students deal with conflicting information in multiple nonlinear texts. Sixty-one Dutch 11th grade students read multiple texts on a controversial topic and wrote a short essay on it. These essays were scored on perspective taken and the origin of information included in them. Ordinal regression analysis showed that students with strong prior attitudes were significantly more likely to write essays that were biased towards their prior attitudes. Furthermore, multiple regression analyses revealed that students with strong attitudes took explicit stances and added large proportions of information not presented in the reading materials in their essays, whereas students with neutral attitudes wrote syntheses and borrowed more information from the materials. Overall, results show that prior attitudes can bias how students deal with conflicting information in an open-ended reading and writing task.     

Patient safety and reprocessing: A usability test of the endoscope reprocessing procedure

When endoscopes are reprocessed correctly, endoscopy is a safe procedure. Recent incidents of insufficient reprocessing, however, have resulted in public concern. Results of a usability test of the reprocessing procedure identified that none of 24 users, naïve to the procedure, could reprocess endoscopes correctly, nor could they correctly complete any of the component tasks in the procedure. Five of the 76 subtasks were identified as particularly critical. These were 1) brushing the instrument channel, 2) attaching the channel plug and injection tube, 3) identifying leaks, 4) blowing water out of the endoscope's internal channels during high‐level disinfection, and 5) aspirating solution through the endoscope to remove debris loosened by brushing. Additionally, three themes were identified as causes of the majority of problems: 1) lack of visibility, 2) high memory demands, and 3) insufficient user feedback. Design recommendations for these problems are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Patient flow modelling and performance analysis of healthcare delivery processes in hospitals: A review and reflections

Analysis of hospital processes is essential for development of improved methods, policies and decision tools for overall performance improvement of the hospital system. Amidst the current scenario of continuously increasing healthcare costs and scarcity of resources, optimal utilization of resources without hampering the quality of care has gained importance in any country. Modelling, analysis and management of patient flows, in this context, plays a key role in performance analysis and improvement of hospital processes as appropriate modelling of patient flows may help healthcare managers make decisions related to capacity planning, resource allocation and scheduling, appointment scheduling and for making necessary changes in the process of care. The concept of patient flow and its modelling has gained much attention in healthcare management literature over past few decades. In this paper, the existing approaches pertaining to modelling of patient flows in hospital systems have been classified and critically appraised focussing on the recent advancements in order to identify future research avenues. A generic framework for patient flow modelling and performance analysis of hospital systems that may serve as a guide for the practitioners dealing with similar kinds of problems to improve healthcare delivery has also been provided.     

Care transitions in the outpatient surgery preoperative process: facilitators and obstacles to information flow and their consequences

Patient care transitions have been shown to be critical points at which failure as well as recovery from potential failure may occur. The purpose of this research was to identify transitions in patient care and the flow of associated information at different steps in the outpatient surgery preoperative care process and, in turn, attempt to identify breakdowns in the information flow process and their ramifications. A study of one organization’s preoperative process for outpatient surgery was conducted, employing four means of data collection to gather information on preoperative work processes: employee shadowing, patient shadowing, clinic observation, and dictated feedback. Various facilitators and obstacles in information flow were found to be present in the preoperative care process. Obstacles often resulted in negative consequences for healthcare providers and patients. Helping care providers understand how their actions affect the various elements of the preoperative process, through improved awareness, may be one way to improve information flow problems within the outpatient surgery process.     

Assessment of Patient Safety Management from Human Factors Perspective: A Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach

The quality of patient safety evaluation provides important results for patients, doctors, and managers because it determines hospitals’ capabilities to enhance the medical quality and influences the development of nonmedical error. The aim of this study is to propose a fuzzy multicriteria decision model to evaluate the quality of patient safety in hospitals in Taiwan. The staff and committees of 4 hospitals from southern Taiwan were invited, and these hospitals were evaluated based on 5 indicators from the human factors perspective. Fuzzy Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methods are examined in the proposed model. The results show that not only the supervisor's commitment but also the hospital's patient safety enhancement capability should be taken into account in a competitive environment.     

Investigating online information disclosure: Effects of information relevance,trust and risk

Organizations rely on customer information to design new products and offer new services. However, people should not share their personal information online. We produced and tested a model of information disclosure. While prior work focused on the effects of trust and its relationship to risk in determining intent to disclose information, we assumed that information relevance was a critical antecedent to disclosure and that both relevance and trust could alleviate perceptions of risk associated with disclosure, thereby increasing peoples’ intentions to disclose information. We tested our model using 264 subjects in an experimental setting. The results showed the importance of relevance on intentions to disclose information – allowing us to draw implications for practice about voluntary information disclosure in online settings.     

安全管理信息系统SMIS的设计与实现

系统根据县级供电企业安全管理具体业务需求而开发,采用拓扑排序确定业务制约关系,采用DES算法对数据加密和第三方验证处理争端,同时运用了asp.net、SQL Server、验证码等技术。系统数据安全可靠,操作简单方便,能够规范供电安全管理,提高工作效率,降低管理成本。     

信息缺失条件下的相互依存网络抗毁性分析

提出了信息缺失条件下的相互依存网络抗毁性分析方法.首先,提出了结构信息和攻击信息,在结构信息已知的情况下利用信息广度参数和信息精度参数将攻击信息的获取抽象成无放回不等概率抽样问题,以此建立攻击信息缺失模型;然后,借助生成函数和渗流理论的思想提出了在随机信息缺失和优先信息缺失条件下的相互依存网络的抗毁性分析模型.根据此模型可以得到不同情况下的渗流阈值.通过以无标度网络作为实例进行进一步的实验发现信息广度参数和信息精度参数对相互依存网络的渗流阈值影响巨大,并且信息精度比信息广度影响更大,少量的高精度节点信息等价于大量低精度节点信息;已知少量最重要的节点就可以很大程度上降低相互依存网络的抗毁性;即使是在信息缺失的条件下,相互依存网络的抗毁性依旧远低于单层网络.     

煤矿安全监管信息管理系统的研究及探讨

分析了煤矿安全监管信息管理的研究及应用现状,指出目前煤矿安全监管信息管理存在仅建立在煤矿或矿业集团层次、安全监管部门仅能监控简单数据的问题;分析了物联网在煤矿安全监管中的应用优势,提出可基于物联网构建一种涵盖省级和国家级安全监管的煤矿安全监管信息管理系统,给出了该系统的信息结构,并探讨了该系统在具体实施过程中所面临的信息标准、安全因素分级、安监体系、信息采集内容等方面的挑战。     

车辆信息实时监视系统的设计和实现

为了提高车辆行驶的主动安全性,降低交通事故的发生,提出了一种基于无线网络技术的车辆信息监视方法,设计并实现了车辆信息实时监视系统.该监视系统采用自行设计的多元数据交互协议与摄像头、OBD(车载自动诊断系统)信息采集模块、加速度传感器、GPS等通信,实现了对车周视频、ECU(电子控制单元)故障信息、行驶信息和位置信息的实时监视.实验结果表明,该监视系统监视效果好,实时性强.     

Macroergonomics and patient safety: The impact of levels on theory, measurement, analysis and intervention in patient safety research

The study and practice of patient safety has seen a surge over the last 10 years. New resident training and staffing policies, health information technologies, error reporting systems, team models of care, training methods, patient involvement, information handoff strategies, just cultures, and many other interventions have been mandated or attempted to improve the safety of patient care. While some of these interventions focus on individual providers and others focus on organization-level changes, little, if any, patient safety research has purposefully sought to understand how variables at different levels, such as the provider level or organization level, interact to impact patient safety outcomes such as errors, adverse drug events, or patient harm. Looking at relationships across levels is important because adverse events might be related to variables at different levels; consider that adverse events may be nested within patients, patients nested within nurses and physicians, nurses and physicians nested within shifts, shifts nested within hospital units, and so forth. Because these nested levels exist, they may exert as yet untested influence on the levels below. In this paper the impact of levels on theory, measurement, analysis and intervention in patient safety research is discussed.     

The strategic dimension of transactional information systems: some organizational implications

Abstract. Often information systems (IS) are classified in three groups: (a) transactional, used mainly for co-ordination and resource allocation purposes at the operational level of a company; (b) tactical, often employed to support the resource procurement activities typical of middle management; and (c) information systems for strategic decision making, designed to help in the planning and strategy design processes which are the direct responsibility of top management. In general, the amount of care and management attention that companies give to these different types of systems is proportional to their position in this hierarchy: little attention is devoted to the mundane transaction-pushing systems and exquisite care is put into developing the sophisticated decision making aid for the CEO and his/her staff.
The IS/IT literature has been reporting quite commonly cases in which companies have attained or lost great competitive advantages by way of their transactional information systems [for example, Emery Worldwide, Baxter Healthcare ASAP system, and Frontier Airlines]. The aim of this paper is to identify actions that companies can take to realize potential benefits of their IS, in particular from their low-level, transactional IS.
Among other actions, we will conclude that companies would be better off if they: (a) have the IS department at the right place in the organization, staffed with people knowledgeable about the basic nature of the business in which the company is engaged; (b) are sensible to what can be called 'strategic maintenance' of systems, (c) set up a formal procedure for IS planning to ensure coherence between IS plans and business plans, derived, in turn, from business strategy, and (d) keep abreast of the relevant technology.
Several examples taken from European companies are used to illustrate these conclusions.     

Disclosures about important life events on Facebook: Relationships with stress and quality of life

The current study examined the relationship between general perceived levels of stress, quality of life, social networking usage, and disclosing important life events on Facebook in order to better understand the complex relationship between online disclosure and individual well-being. An online survey was completed by adult Facebook users aged 18–70. Results indicate that the more time spent on and the more social network memberships, the higher stress and lower quality of life; Facebook-specific usage was unrelated to either well-being variable. Together, these findings suggest that the current increase in social media variety and usage may be detrimental to user well-being. Users who shared important, bad health news on Facebook had higher stress and lower quality of life than those who did not, with no significant differences for sharing good health news. The more that users did not share important news on Facebook for self-protection and friend unresponsiveness reasons, the greater their stress. The self-protection reason was also negatively related to quality of life. These inconsistent findings can likely be partially explained by the nature of the information that is shared. These findings are discussed in light of disclosure and relationship patterns on social networks.     

基于等信息量转换的区间二元语义多属性群决策方法

针对传统区间二元语义距离计算公式的不足,提出基于离散参数区间二元语义距离公式,构建基于等信息量转换的区间二元语义多属性群决策模型。基于该模型,针对属性权重和专家权重信息完全未知的情形,设计基于极大熵和正理想方案的权重确定模型,给出一种处理区间二元语言评价值的群决策问题求解方法。算例分析表明,所提出的方法可以在一定程度上克服以往基于区间二元语义距离处理方法造成信息扭曲和损失的不足。