MC-CDMA系统盲空时干扰抑制

该文研究在频率选择性瑞利衰落信道中MC-CDMA系统的盲空时干扰抑制。考虑对应于子载波的衰落系数是信道冲激响应的离散傅里叶变换,通过研究多径信号频域码空间和数据矢量空间,采用噪声子空间技术进行盲信道估计。为了抑制多址干扰(MAI),提出一种基于投影的辅助矢量(PAV)算法,用前一级滤波矢量的输出重构最大比合并(MRC)滤波矢量,将重构滤波矢量投射到由基本滤波矢量和前几级辅助矢量张成子空间上的正交投影作为辅助矢量,将前一级滤波矢量和新产生辅助矢量线性合并得到新的滤波矢量。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

空时分组码MC-CDMA系统盲干扰抑制

该文考虑空时分组码多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)系统的盲干扰抑制。通过研究多径信号频域码空间和数据矢量空间,采用噪声子空间技术进行盲信道估计。使用一种修改的ULV更新算法进行噪声子空间跟踪,该算法不需要相关矩阵的秩估计,直接估计噪声子空间。为了抑制多址干扰(MAI),提出一种基于投影的辅助矢量(PAV)算法,用前一级滤波矢量的输出重构最大比合并(MRC)滤波矢量,将重构滤波矢量到由基本滤波矢量和前几级辅助矢量张成子空间上的正交投影作为辅助矢量,将前一级滤波矢量和新产生辅助矢量线性合并得到新的滤波矢量。仿真结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

Projection Framework for Hybrid Methods Derived From Finite-Difference Operators in Time and Frequency Domain

A systematic approach to the construction of hybrid time- and frequency-domain algorithms derived from finite-difference operators is presented. The idea originates from projection formalism in a finite-dimensional vector space. We show that various algorithms can be obtained by an appropriate transformation of finite-difference operators. In the developed formalism, a transformation can be applied to the entire or a part of the computational domain, which can be easily employed to construct hybrid algorithms that combine, for instance, multiresolution techniques with eigenfunction expansion or finite differences. The stability of the developed time-domain hybrid schemes is shown. Numerical examples are given, illustrating different issues related to presented algorithms.     

基于MKSVM的多示例学习算法及刑侦图像分类

针对刑侦图像分类问题,提出一种基于多核支持向量机的多示例学习(MIL)算法.首先,该方法采用金字塔网格划分法对刑侦图像进行分块,再将每幅图像作为一个多示例包,每个子块的底层视觉特征作为包中的示例,将刑侦图像分类问题转化为MIL问题;然后,采用K-means双重聚类方法对所有多示例包进行聚类生成聚类中心并定义为视觉字,再把视觉字的集合构造成视觉投影空间;最后,通过设计的非线性投影函数将每个包映射为视觉投影空间中的一个点,则MIL问题被转化为一个标准的有监督学习问题,并采用多核支持向量机(MKSVM)来训练刑侦图像分类器.基于真实刑侦图像库的对比实验表明,所提方法具有较好的鲁棒性,且分类精度高于其他方法.     

Multichannel ARMA modeling by least squares circular latticefiltering

The paper makes an attempt to develop least squares lattice algorithms for the ARMA modeling of a linear, slowly time-varying, multichannel system employing scalar computations only. Using an equivalent scalar, periodic ARMA model and a circular delay operator, the signal set for each channel is defined in terms of circularly delayed input and output vectors corresponding to that channel. The orthogonal projection of each current output vector on the subspace spanned by the corresponding signal set is then computed in a manner that allows independent AR and MA order recursions. The resulting lattice algorithm can be implemented in a parallel architecture employing one processor per channel with the data flowing amongst them in a circular manner. The evaluation of the ARMA parameters from the lattice coefficients follows the usual step-up algorithmic approach but requires, in addition, the circulation of certain variables across the processors since the signal sets become linearly dependent beyond certain stages. The proposed algorithm can also be used to estimate a process from two correlated, multichannel processes adaptively allowing the filter orders for both the processes to be chosen independently of each other. This feature is further exploited for ARMA modeling a given multichannel time series with unknown, white input     

Detection of Multiple Changes in Fractional Integrated ARMA Processes

This paper addresses the problem of changepoint detection in FARIMA processes. The received signal is modeled as a FARIMA process, with abrupt changes in the Hurst and ARMA parameters. The proposed changepoint detection method first estimates the model parameters over small segments. The changes are then detected in the parameter vector sequence by minimizing an appropriate least-squares criterion. The cases of known, as well as unknown, number of changes are investigated. Dynamic programming is used to solve this optimization problem. A theoretical analysis of the statistical properties of the change point estimates is provided. Simulation results on synthetic data and real network traffic data are presented.     

Information fusion Wiener filter for the multisensor multichannel ARMA signals with time-delayed measurements

For the multisensor multichannel autoregressive moving average (ARMA) signals with time-delayed measurements, a measurement transformation approach is presented, which transforms the equivalent state space model with measurement delays into the state space model without measurement delays, and then using the Kalman filtering method, under the linear minimum variance optimal weighted fusion rules, three distributed optimal fusion Wiener filters weighted by matrices, diagonal matrices and scalars are presented, respectively, which can handle the fused filtering, prediction and smoothing problems. They are locally optimal and globally suboptimal. The accuracy of the fuser is higher than that of each local signal estimator. In order to compute the optimal weights, the formulae of computing the cross-covariances among local signal estimation errors are given. A Monte Carlo simulation example for the three-sensor target tracking system with time-delayed measurements shows their effectiveness.     

A Novel Technique for the Identification of ARMA Systems Under Very Low Levels of SNR

In this paper, a novel technique for the identification of minimum-phase autoregressive moving average (ARMA) systems from the output observations in the presence of heavy noise is presented. First, starting from the conventional correlation estimator, a simple and accurate ARMA correlation (ARMAC) model in terms of the poles of the ARMA system is presented in a unified manner for white noise and impulse-train excitations. The AR parameters of the ARMA system are then obtained from the noisy observations by developing and using a residue-based least-squares correlation-fitting optimization technique that employs the proposed ARMAC model. As for the estimation of the MA parameters, it is preceded by the application of a new technique intended to reduce the noise present in the residual signal that is obtained by filtering the noisy ARMA signal via the estimated AR parameters. A scheme is then devised whereby the task of MA parameter estimation is transformed into a problem of correlation-fitting of the inverse autocorrelation function corresponding to the noise-compensated residual signal. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, extensive simulations are performed by considering synthetic ARMA systems of different orders in the presence of additive white noise and the results are compared with those of some of the existing methods. It is shown that the proposed method is capable of estimating the ARMA parameters accurately and consistently with guaranteed stability for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels as low as $-{5}~{hbox {dB}}$ . Simulation results are also provided for the identification of a human vocal-tract system using natural speech signals showing a superior performance of the proposed technique in terms of the power spectral density of the synthesized speech signal.      

A box constrained gradient projection algorithm for compressed sensing

A new algorithm is presented which aims to solve problems from compressed sensing - under-determined problems where the solution vector is known a priori to be sparse. Upper bounds on the solution vector are found so that the problem can be reformulated as a box-constrained quadratic programme. A sparse solution is sought using a Barzilai-Borwein type projection algorithm. New insight into the choice of step length is provided through a study of the special structure of the underlying problem together with upper bounds on the step length. Numerical experiments are conducted and results given, comparing this algorithm with a number of other current algorithms.     

Recursive filtering for two-dimensional random fields (Corresp.)

A class of recursive filtering problems for random fields with a two-dimensional parameter is considered. After a brief introduction of two-parameter stochastic calculus, a class of Markovian random fields generated by stochastic integral equations is defined and considered. It is then shown that the problem of estimating such a Markovian field in additive white Gaussian noise can be reduced to a recursive formalism. If the random field is itself Gaussian, the recursive formalism reduces to a finite set of stochastic integral equations involving the conditional mean and covariance.     

Detection of multiplicative noise in stationary random processesusing second- and higher order statistics

This paper addresses the problem of detecting the presence of colored multiplicative noise, when the information process can be modeled as a parametric ARMA process. For the case of zero-mean multiplicative noise, a cumulant based suboptimal detector is studied. This detector tests the nullity of a specific cumulant slice. A second detector is developed when the multiplicative noise is nonzero mean. This detector consists of filtering the data by an estimated AR filter. Cumulants of the residual data are then shown to be well suited to the detection problem. Theoretical expressions for the asymptotic probability of detection are given. Simulation-derived finite-sample ROC curves are shown for different sets of model parameters     

Geometric deconvolution: a meta-algorithm for limited view computed tomography

Images reconstructed using a limited number of projections spanning a narrow angular range suffer from a systematic geometric distortion due to the two-dimensional point spread function of the reconstruction process. Applying the projection theorem, we show that the problem of removing this distortion reduces to that of estimating the one-dimensional spread function and deconvolving projections computed for a complementary set of new angles from the initial reconstruction. A second reconstruction is performed using the deconvolved projections along with the original set of projections, thus incorporating wider angular coverage. We present here initial results of such geometric deconvolution performed via inverse filtering using fast Fourier transform techniques. While the results are noisy due to well-known problems associated with inverse filtering, they illustrate the plausibility of the underlying ideas.     

Procedural knowledge

Much of commonsense knowledge about the real world is in the form of procedures or sequences of actions for achieving particular goals. In this paper, a formalism is presented for representing such knowledge using the notion of process. A declarative semantics for the representation is given, which allows a user to state facts about the effects of doing things in the problem domain of interest. An operational semantics is also provided, which shows how this knowledge can be used to achieve particular goals or to form intentions regarding their achievement. Given both semantics, our formalism additionally serves as an executable specification language suitable for constructing complex systems. A system based on this formalism is described, and examples involving control of an autonomous robot and fault diagnosis for NASA's space shuttle are provided.     

Multiresolution modeling and estimation of multisensor data

This paper presents a multiresolution multisensor data fusion scheme for dynamic systems to be observed by several sensors of different resolutions. A state projection equation is introduced to associate the states of a system at each resolution with others. This projection equation together with the state transition equation and the measurement equations at each of the resolutions construct a continuous-time model of the system. The model meets the requirements of Kalman filtering. In discrete time, the state transition is described at the finest resolution and the sampling frequencies of sensors decrease successively by a factor of two in resolution. We can build a discrete model of the system by using a linear projection operator to approximate the state space projection. This discrete model satisfies the requirements of discrete Kalman filtering, which actually offers an optimal estimation algorithm of the system. In time-invariant case, the stability of the Kalman filter is analyzed and a sufficient condition for the filtering stability is given. A Markov-process-based example is given to illustrate and evaluate the proposed scheme of multiresolution modeling and estimation with multiple sensors.     

Vector median deblurring filter for colour image restoration

A new technique is described which couples median filtering and image deblurring techniques to filter noisy images without introducing defocusing side effects. To deal with colour images a vector median filtering procedure is proposed. Using this procedure a better edge preserving filter is obtained which does not introduce new colours. The deblurring operation is performed componentwise by fitting an ARMA model to the image. The AR part of the model estimates the image and the MA part estimates the blurring function. Finally, the MA part is inverted and applied to remove the blur introduced by the median filter.<>     

State-dependent vector hybrid linear and nonlinear ARMA modeling: Theory

A new model is proposed to represent a general vector nonstationary and nonlinear process by setting up a state-dependent vector hybrid linear and nonlinear autoregressive moving average (SVH-ARMA) model. The linear part of the process is represented by a vector ARMA model, the nonlinear part is represented by a vector nonlinear ARMA model employing a multilayer feedforward neural network, and the nonstationary characteristics are captured with a hidden Markov chain. Based on a unifiedQ-likelihood function, an expectation-maximization algorithm for model identification is derived, and the model parameters are estimated by applying a state-dependent training and nonlinear optimization technique iteratively, which finally yields maximum likelihood estimation of model parameters. This model can track the nonstationary varying of a vector linear and/or nonlinear process adaptively and represent a vector linear and/or nonlinear system with low order. Moreover, it is able to characterize and track the long-range, second-order correlation features of many time series and thus can be used for reliable multiple step ahead prediction. Some impressive applications of the SVH-ARMA model are being presented in the companion paper by Zheng et al., pp. 575–597, this issue.     

科技项目评审专家推荐系统模型

针对科技项目评审专家的准确遴选问题,提出一种混合推荐系统模型。该模型在文本信息分词的基础上,运用TF—IDF算法进行关键词的提取、权重计算及筛选,分别建立科技项目和评审专家的向量空间模型,并基于专家信息建立专家评分数学模型。最后提出一种内容推荐、协作过滤推荐及专家评分加权因子相融合的混合推荐算法。实验结果表明,该推荐模型能有效地进行评审专家推荐。     

LSA based multi-instance learning algorithm for image retrieval

Focusing on the problem of natural image retrieval, based on latent semantic analysis (LSA) and support vector machine (SVM), a novel multi-instance learning (MIL) algorithm is proposed, where a bag corresponds to an image and an instance corresponds to the low-level visual features of a segmented region. Firstly, in order to transform every bag into a single sample, a collection of “visual-word” is generated by k-means clustering method to construct a projection space, then a nonlinear mapping is defined using these “visual-word” to embed each bag as a point in the projection space, thereby obtaining every bag's projection feature. Secondly, the matrix consisted of all the projection features of training bags is regarded as a term-document matrix, and LSA method is used to obtain the latent semantic feature of each bag. As a result, the MIL problem is converted into a standard single instance learning (SIL) problem that can be solved directly by SVM method. Experimental results on the COREL data sets show that the proposed method, named LSASVM-MIL, is robust, and its performance is superior to other key existing MIL algorithms.     

Joint state filtering and parameter estimation for linear stochastic time-delay systems

This paper presents the joint state filtering and parameter estimation problem for linear stochastic time-delay systems with unknown parameters. The original problem is reduced to the mean-square filtering problem for incompletely measured bilinear time-delay system states over linear observations. The unknown parameters are considered standard Wiener processes and incorporated as additional states in the extended state vector. To deal with the new filtering problem, the paper designs the mean-square finite-dimensional filter for incompletely measured bilinear time-delay system states over linear observations. A closed system of the filtering equations is then derived for a bilinear time-delay state over linear observations. Finally, the paper solves the original joint estimation problem. The obtained solution is based on the designed mean-square filter for incompletely measured bilinear time-delay states over linear observations, taking into account that the filter for the extended state vector also serves as the identifier for the unknown parameters. In the example, performance of the designed state filter and parameter identifier is verified for a linear time-delay system with an unknown multiplicative parameter over linear observations.     

A new recursive pseudo least squares algorithm for ARMA filteringand modeling. II

For pt.I see ibid., vol.40, no.11, p.2766-74 (Nov. 1992). A recursive algorithm for ARMA (autoregressive moving average) filtering has been developed in a companion paper. These recursions are seen to have a lattice-like filter structure. The ARMA parameters, however, are not directly available from the coefficients of this filter. The problem of identification of the ARMA model from the coefficients of this filter is addressed here. Two new update relations for certain pseudoinverses are derived and used to obtain a recursive least squares algorithm for AR parameter estimation. Two methods for the estimation of the MA parameters are also presented. Numerical results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed algorithms