半导体致冷器在大功率激光器中的应用

论述了当前通信产品存在的热设计问题,介绍了通信设备中常见的散热方式、半导体致冷器的工作原理及特点.提出了大功率激光器基于半导体致冷器的散热方式,通过实验验证了半导体致冷器在大功率激光器散热中的效果.     

连续波工作大功率半导体激光器阵列的温度分布

用Ansys 软件模拟了大功率半导体激光器阵列的稳态温度分布,并对自行研制的半导体激光器阵列的温度变化进行了测试,结果表明理论计算与实验结果基本吻合.该模拟结果对大功率半导体激光器阵列的封装设计具有现实的指导意义.     

808nm连续波2000W半导体激光器垂直叠阵

为了全面提高大功率半导体激光器的性能和功率,采用双面散热技术,优化了大功率半导体激光器垂直叠阵和单bar器件的热管理和热设计,使得808nm单bar半导体激光器在连续波工作模式下的功率达到100W;808nm 20bar垂直叠阵功率达到2000 W.对微通道液体制冷大功率半导体激光器叠阵和单bar半导体激光器器件的LI...     

高效率大功率连续半导体激光器

从大功率半导体激光器的工作机理出发,对影响激光器电光转换效率的主要因素,如激光器的斜率效率ηd、阈值电流Ith、开启电压V0、串联电阻Rs以及工作电流I等进行了分析,进而讨论了提高电光转换效率的主要技术途径。通过对应变量子阱大光腔激光器外延材料开启特性的优化、大功率激光器芯片横向限制工艺的改进以及对大功率微通道热沉制作等技术的研究,制作了808nm连续半导体激光器阵列。在工作电流140A时,阵列工作电压为1.83V,输出功率145W,电光转换效率达到56.6%。     

复合型微通道热沉设计与制作技术研究

从大功率半导体激光器可靠性封装和应用考虑,利用商用有限元软件Abaqus与CFdesign对微通道热沉材料、结构进行优化设计,结合相应的制造工艺流程制备实用化复合型微通道热沉。微通道热沉尺寸为27 mm×10.8 mm×1.5 mm,并利用大功率半导体激光阵列器件对所制备热沉进行散热能力、封装产生的"微笑效应"进行了测试,复合微通道热沉热阻约0.3 K/W,"微笑"值远小于无氧铜微通道封装线阵列,可以控制在1μm以下。复合型微通道热沉能满足半导体激光阵列器件高功率集成输出的散热需求与硬焊料封装的可靠性要求。     

半导体激光器散热技术研究及进展

在半导体大功率激光器的各种关键技术中,散热问题的解决是一个极其关键的技术。因为半导体激光器能产生很高的峰值功率,这些器件的电光转换效率为40%~50%,即所输入的电能50%~60%都转换为热能。在管芯焊接的地方产生的热流量大约为1KW.cm-2。这种热负载是限制激光器正常工作的关键因素。半导体激光器列阵与叠阵散热问题解决会直接关系到激光器的使用寿命,导致激光器有源区温度的迅速提高,从而引起激光器的光学灾变,甚至烧毁半导体激光器。大功率激光器列阵及叠阵在高功率的二极管泵浦固态激光器(DPSSL)系统中有很大的应用,市场发展潜力很大。因此,有必要发展大功率激光器列阵及叠阵。随着大功率激光器列阵及叠阵的迅速发展,与其有关的关键技术也应该加以研究。     

高光束质量大功率半导体激光阵列的热特性

针对目前大功率半导体激光短阵列器件和多个半导体激光单元器件集成结构应用于全光纤结构光纤激光器的发展趋势及其相关热控制理论的缺乏,利用有限元软件ANSYS对基于标准传导热沉散热结构的高光束质量半导体激光阵列(LDA)进行热特性仿真计算,通过改变阵列内部发光单元间距、发光单元数,将传统高填充因子厘米阵列(cm-bar)结构过渡到短阵列器件或多单元集成器件热模型,其热特性,为这种具有高光束质量的新型器件的设计及其高性能、长寿命散热提供了理论基础。     

大功率半导体激光器阵列

综合介绍了目前半导体大功率激光器普遍采用的材料结构、芯片结构、封装技术、散热致冷技术以及发展现状;给出了当前大功率半导体激光器的研究发展方向。     

0.8μm宽带大功率半导体激光器

开发了用于固体激光器源的８１０ｎｍＡｌＧａＡｓ／ＧａＡｓ近红外半导体激光器，与通用半导体激光器相比，它扩大带宽及加长了振荡器，希望提高ＣＯＤ水平和降低热损耗，能进行１Ｗ大功率工作。还开发了７８０、８０５和８３０ｎｍ的１００ｍＷ大功率激光器。这些激光器为降低成本，可以用廉价的Х９标准组件，这些半导体激光器适用于各种分析仪器和测量仪的光源。     

不同过渡热沉封装微盘腔半导体激光器热分析

为了降低微盘腔半导体激光器工作时有源区的温度,提升封装的可靠性,基于Ansys Workbench有限元分析分别对AlN,WCu10,SiC,石墨烯,以及CVD金刚石过渡热沉封装的蜗线型微盘腔半导体激光器进行了热特性分析,得到了器件工作时的温度分布以及热应力、热应变分布.结果显示,SiC封装器件的有源区温度较AlN和WCu10封装器件分别降低了 2.18,3.078 C,并在五种过渡热沉封装器件中表现出最低的热应力,器件热应变最小.SiC过渡热沉封装可以有效降低微盘腔半导体激光器工作时的有源区温度,同时减少封装应力与器件应变,从而提高器件的散热能力和可靠性.计算结果对半导体激光器单管散热及阵列集成散热均有指导意义.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.