基于结构导向集总方法考察减压蜡油掺炼地沟油催化裂化效果

在已建立的VGO催化裂化结构导向集总动力学模型基础上,加入地沟油分子集总及反应规则,构建VGO掺炼地沟油催化裂化结构导向集总模型。从模型角度考察VGO与地沟油合适的掺炼比及反应条件。在优化掺炼比及反应条件下,采用实验室小型提升管催化裂化装置对模拟结果进行实验验证,并对比了掺炼前后的产物分布及性质。结果表明,模型计算结果与实验结果相对误差在10%以内,掺炼后主要产品汽、柴油的性质并未发生明显改变。     

结构导向集总方法构建直馏汽油催化裂化动力学模型

采用结构导向集总(SOL)新方法构建了直馏汽油催化裂化改质的反应动力学模型。模型选取74种分子组成原料矩阵,根据催化裂化正碳离子反应机理,制定了42种反应规则构建反应网络。采用矩阵变换的形式求解反应网络,从而得到产物分子矩阵。通过对产物矩阵中的分子归类,获得产物分布及汽油族组成。采集实验室小型固定流化床催化裂化数据,对模型计算结果进行验证。结果表明,该模型能较为准确地预测产物分布及汽油族组成;在温度及进料组成改变时,模型适应性较好;模型同样能较准确地预测汽油研究法辛烷值。     

Study on Lumped Kinetic Model for FDFCC I. Establishment of Model

According to the process features and the reaction mechanism of FDFCC technology, its two reaction subsystems, one for heavy oil riser reactor, the other for gasoline riser reactor, were respectively studied. Correspondingly, a 12-lump kinetic model for heavy oil FCC and a 9-lump kinetic model for gasoline catalytic upgrading were presented. Based on this work, mathematical correlation of the lumps in the feeds and products involved in the reaction subsystems and those of the overall reaction system were analyzed in detail. Then, a combined kinetic model for FDFCC, which was based on the data recovered from a commercial unit, was put forward. The reaction performance embodied by the kinetic constants for the combined model of FDFCC was in accordance with catalytic cracking reaction mechanism. The model-calculated values were close to the data obtained in commercial scale. The model was easy to be applied in practice and could also provide some theoretical groundwork for further research on kinetic model for FDFCC.     

催化裂化复杂反应体系动力学模型研究进展

系统介绍催化裂化复杂反应体系反应动力学模型研究进展,其中包括关联模型、集总模型和分子模型。对这些模型的建立原则、计算方法、工业应用等方面进行了深入分析,总结了各类模型建立的一般原则和规律,并对其未来的发展方向作了预测。     

Study on Lumped Kinetic Model for FDFCC II. Validation and Prediction of Model

On the basis of formulating the 9-lump kinetic model for gasoline catalytic upgrading and the 12-lump kinetic model for heavy oil FCC, this paper is aimed at development of a combined kinetic model for a typical FDFCC process after analyzing the coupled relationship and combination of these two models. The model is also verified by using commercial data, the results of which showed that the model can better predict the product yields and their quality, with the relative errors between the main products of the unit and commercial data being less than five percent. Furthermore, the combined model is used to predict and optimize the operating conditions for gasoline riser and heavy oil riser in FDFCC. So this paper can offer some guidance for the processing of FDFCC and is instructive to model research and development of such multi-reactor process and combined process.     

Study on Lumped Kinetic Model for FDFCC Ⅱ. Validation and Prediction of Model

On the basis of formulating the 9-lump kinetic model for gasoline catalytic upgrading and the 12- lump kinetic model for heavy oil FCC, this paper is aimed at development of a combined kinetic model for a typical FDFCC process after analyzing the coupled relationship and combination of these two models. The model is also verified by using commercial data, the results of which showed that the model can better predict the product yields and their quality, with the relative errors between the main products of the unit and commercial data being less than five percent. Furthermore, the combined model is used to predict and optimize the operating conditions for gasoline riser and heavy oil riser in FDFCC. So this paper can offer some guidance for the processing of FDFCC and is instructive to model research and development of such multi-reactor process and combined process.     

Lump kinetic study of waxy distillate catalytic cracking in microactivity tests

The catalytic cracking of waxy distillate was investigated using equilibrium residue fluid catalytic cracking catalyst in a microactivity setup. The effect of temperature on gasoline yield was studied and a four-lump kinetic model including six reaction rates was employed. The kinetic parameters were calculated based on the experimental data using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method and Marquardt's algorithm least square error. Activation energies and frequency factors were calculated using the Arrhenius equation. The highest gasoline yield was observed in the temperatures between 520 and 540°C, while the undesired gas products increased in higher temperatures.     

基于结构导向集总的延迟焦化分子尺度动力学模型

借助于结构导向集总方法,建立了延迟焦化过程的分子动力学模型。该模型用7004种分子集总来代表原料渣油的分子组成,用92条反应规则来模拟延迟焦化反应行为,实现了对延迟焦化产物分布的预测。经小试试验验证,该模型的预测精度较高。     

芳烃型催化重整操作条件的分析及优化

 在催化重整27集总反应动力学模型的基础上,分析了移动床连续重整4个反应器的进口温度、催化剂使用时间、空速及氢/烃摩尔比等7个操作变量对反应的影响,同时以芳烃产率为目标函数对操作参数进行了优化。各反应器进口温度对反应的影响由大到小的顺序为第4反应器进口温度、第3反应器进口温度、第2反应器进口温度、第1反应器进口温度。优化后的第1～4反应器进口温度分别为502.93、505.71、520.78和537.02℃,经优化计算芳烃产率可提高0.98%,二甲苯产率可提高1.34%,氢气产率也略有增加。该操作条件分析及优化结果可为芳烃型重整装置的优化操作提供参考。     

A Predictive Kinetic Model for Delayed Coking

Abstract

Lumping of the residue charge stock is based on saturate, light and heavy aromatics, soft and hard resins, as well as asphaltenes, whose concentrations can be obtained by solvent sedimentation and Al₂O₃ column separation. The reaction scheme contains 11 lumped species, including two middle fractions, naphtha, gas, and coke in addition to the above six lumps for residua. It is shown that these kinetic parameters are all invariant with respect to residue compositions and therefore this model is able to predict yields of delayed coking products for a wide variety of ranges of charge stock and operating conditions beyond that of the tests.     

重油催化裂化MIP工艺集总动力学模型

 根据催化裂化反应机理及MIP工艺的特点,开发了重油催化裂化12集总反应动力学模型。以公开发表的MIP工艺装置数据为基础,对模型参数进行验证计算。结果表明,模型对原料及柴油采用结构族组成划分集总,准确反映了不同碳原子结构反应性能的差异,并减少了反应途径数目。通过分步求解法求取反应动力学参数,有效减少了需同时估计的动力学参数个数,并提高了参数估计结果的精度和可靠性;计算值与实测值拟合良好。反应速率常数和活化能的分析结果表明,模型参数很好地反映了实际反应规律。     

Kinetic Study on the Hydrocracking Reaction of Vacuum Residue Using a Lumping Model

Abstract

Based on the experimental hydrocracking of vacuum residue, a kinetic study using a lumping model was carried out to gain insight into the characteristics of catalytic reactions. The lumped species were the saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) constituents in the residue (798 K⁺) fraction and gas, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil, vacuum gas oil, and coke in the products. The pyrite reaction favoring hydrocracking to lighter products was more temperature-dependent than that using a mixture of pyrite and active carbon. The kinetic study showed that the addition of active carbon to pyrite limited the transformation of resins to asphaltenes.     

The Lumping Kinetic Model for the Heavy Oil Catalytic Cracking MIP Process

Abstract

Based on the characteristics of heavy oil catalytic cracking and maximizing iso-paraffins (MIP) process, a 12-lumping kinetic model was developed in this article to simulate the MIP process. According to the published data from a commercial MIP process, 36 kinetic parameters of the model were determined by the stepwise method. The verification result with industrial data showed that the model could predict not only the distribution of products but also the quality of main products and describe the reaction rules of the MIP process correctly.     

Kinetic Study on the Hydrocracking Reaction of Vacuum Residue Using a Lumping Model

Based on the experimental hydrocracking of vacuum residue, a kinetic study using a lumping model was carried out to gain insight into the characteristics of catalytic reactions. The lumped species were the saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) constituents in the residue (798 K⁺) fraction and gas, naphtha, kerosene, gas oil, vacuum gas oil, and coke in the products. The pyrite reaction favoring hydrocracking to lighter products was more temperature-dependent than that using a mixture of pyrite and active carbon. The kinetic study showed that the addition of active carbon to pyrite limited the transformation of resins to asphaltenes.     

催化裂化装置汽提段穿孔现象及对策

介绍了中国石油化工股份有限公司洛阳分公司Ⅱ套催化裂化装置沉降器汽提段穿孔情况,分析了塞阀开度对装置操作的影响。认为沉降器汽提段穿孔部位均发生在汽提蒸汽附近,汽提蒸汽流化异常状态是造成穿孔的根本原因。而汽提段蒸汽环管部分喷嘴发生堵塞、环形挡板与器壁接合处下方焊接缺陷的存在是汽提段发生穿孔的主要原因。提出了汽提段穿孔情况下的生产维护对策。