Crude oil UV spectroscopy and light scattering characterization

Crude oil is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons representing several classes of compounds. Some of these constituents significantly affect refinery processes and analysis procedures. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy has received wide acceptance because of its broad scope, given that many active species in the spectrum of UV, and many more that with proper treatment, are able to form visible species in that spectrum. In this study two crude oils from different sources were analyzed without dilution C1-RC, in the coastal region and C2-RM of the maritime region of the Gulf of Mexico. Stages for obtaining calibration curves depending on the change in concentration of crude, starting from crude standard solutions and evaluating the repeatability of the method and the dispersion, were established. The results show three signals: (a) 230 nm corresponding to benzene compounds, (b) 260 nm to naphthenic compounds, and (c) 410 nm Soret band corresponding to the metal porphyrins. These species are found in asphaltenes, signals were evaluated individually for separate calibration curves, at concentrations between 10 and 90 mg L^?1. The model equation of each curve based on the absorbance and concentration determination coefficient values for each compound are reported. It was possible to establish that the method developed is suitable for oil solutions at low concentrations.     

DRY－500碟片式离心机的原油脱水试验

ＤＲＹ－５００碟片式离心机对高含水原油实施脱水处理效果较好，原油处理前含水率为９３．８％，处理后含水率为０．４４％，脱水效率高，且不受含水原油的温度和含水率的影响。根据试验情况，建议改造离心机机型，采用不同比重环，使之适应高、中、低含水原油的分离脱水要求和污水处理要求，同时要适应井液中油、气、水、砂并存的情况，能连续清除固相。     

DRY－500碟片式离心机的原油脱水试验

ＤＲＹ－５００碟片式离心机对高含水原油实施脱水处理效果较好，原油处理前含水率为９３．８％，处理后含水率为０．４４％，脱水效率高，且不受含水原油的温度和含水率的影响。根据试验情况，建议改造离心机机型，采用不同比重环，使之适应高、中、低含水原油的分离脱水要求和污水处理要求，同时要适应井液中油、气、水、砂并存的情况，能连续清除固相。     

Prediction of asphaltene precipitation from n-alkane diluted crude oil by using PC-SAFT equation of state

The precipitation tendency of heavy organics such as asphaltene has posed great challenges for petroleum industry, and thus study of asphaltene precipitation amount and formation conditions seems to be necessary. One of the most common approaches for prediction of asphaltene precipitation is using thermodynamic models. In this study a PC-SAFT equation of state (EOS) is used to predict asphaltene precipitation in two Iranian dead oil samples. Asphaltene content is obtained by filtration method of the oil samples diluted with specific concentrations of different normal alkanes. Also liquid-liquid equilibrium is used for characterization of oil sample into one heavy phase (asphaltene) and another light phase (saturates, aromatics, and resin). Calculations show that the developed model is highly sensitive to interaction parameter between oil fractions. Prediction results were improved due to using Chueh-Prausnitz equation. The results indicate good potential of PC-SAFT EOS in the prediction of asphaltene precipitation in crude oil samples diluted with different normal alkanes. The model error is <5% and the model precision is increased by reducing the number of normal alkane carbons.     

用磺化稠油降低稠油粘度的初步研究

在低温下 (15～ 2 0℃ )用 5 0 %～ 6 0 %的硫酸将辽河稠油磺化 ,得到了一系列磺化稠油 ,在 5 0℃粘度为 115 3mPa·s的辽河稠油中按质量比 2 g/kg加入磺化稠油 ,使 5 0℃粘度降至 786～ 914mPa·s ,降粘率为 19.8%～31.8%。将磺化反应进行优化 ,得到磺化稠油的最好制备条件 :5 5 %硫酸 ,用量为稠油的 1.5 % ,在 15℃反应 2h。得到的磺化稠油在加剂量为 2 g/kg时使稠油 5 0℃粘度下降 30 .8%。稠油降粘率与加剂量的关系曲线很复杂 ,经过一个明显的极大值和一个极小值 ,极大值对应的加剂量为 2 g/kg ,即最佳加剂量。讨论了稠油降粘机理。图 1表 1参 2。     

YL-2025破乳剂用于管输原油破乳脱水研究

通过评价十多种油溶性破乳剂单剂对管输原油乳液的脱水效果,筛选出2种脱水性能较好的破乳荆,按一定比例复配出一种复合性油溶性破乳剂YL-2025。试验证明该破乳剂对管输原油具有良好的脱盐脱水效果。在中国石油化工股份有限公司武汉分公司联合装置上进行了工业应用,应用2个月后的检测结果表明,脱盐脱水合格率迭90％以上。     

高精度脉冲雷达在原油罐中的应用

介绍了高精度脉冲雷达液位计的特点，并将其平面天线的版本应用于原油外浮顶罐，有效地 解决了原油在导波管内的挂壁现象对雷达测量的影响。     

加工陆上混合原油及进口高硫原油设备的腐蚀与防护技术

总结了加工陆上混合原油及进口高硫原油装置存在的的设备腐蚀问题及防腐蚀经验,对典型的腐蚀案例及防护措施进行了重点分析。提出了解决上述装置设备腐蚀问题的有效措施。     

混炼原油的评定与研究

将大庆原油与俄罗斯原油按不同比例混合，并分析实沸点切割的宽馏分性质，结果表明：随着进口油比例的增加，混炼原油的粘度和凝点都随之降低，有利生产低凝的煤油，柴油。混合比为50：50时轻质油收率最大，60：40时总拔出率最高。     

塔河原油试制重交通道路沥青

对塔河油田单井原油及混合原油进行了性质分析,对三区、四区原油按一定的比例混合生产重交通道路沥青的可行性进行了探讨,重点研究了通过沥青改性的办法研制AH－90重交通道路沥青的可行性。     

牙哈原油综合评价

介绍了对牙哈原油进行的综合评价。结果表明:该原油的特点是密度小(849.9 kg/m3),轻质油收率高,且质量好,初馏点～145℃馏分是理想的重整原料,初馏点～180℃是较理想的汽油调合组分,也是优良的乙烯裂解原料,初馏点～350℃收率72.17%,加工时应严格控制比例,比例过高,常压塔的汽相负荷大,会影响常减压装置的稳定操作和安全生产。牙哈原油重整原料的收率较高,砷、氯,硫含量低,腐蚀合格。牙哈原油芳烃潜含量较高,重整加工时芳烃收率指数高达73.51%,是较理想的重整原料。牙哈原油喷气燃料组分加工前应针对碱性氮小的情况采取白土精制,保证航空煤油颜色的稳定性。240～300℃,300～350℃两段组分是较理想的柴油馏分,但必须经过加氢或碱洗精制,240～300℃是调合低凝柴油的优质组分。其减压蜡油作为润滑油馏分粘度指数大,黏温性能好,酸值小,芳烃含量较低,适合作生产高黏度指数润滑油的基础油,也是较好的催化裂解原料,大于520℃的减压渣油收率低,应与其他渣油掺炼,没有单独深加工的必要。     

莺歌海盆地原油中微量元素分布特征及其地质意义

采用同步辐射X射线荧光分析技术 ,测定了莺歌海盆地海相原油和北部湾盆地陆相原油中的微量元素含量 ,结果是海相原油富集Cr、Mn、Fe元素 ,陆相原油Cr、Mn、Fe元素含量甚微 ,但却富集Cu元素。如此特征为判识原油的成因类型和源岩追踪提供了有意义的信息     

原油脱盐脱水技术研究进展

介绍了各种原油脱盐脱水技术,主要包括超声波法、电化学法、微波辐射法等,简述了各种技术的脱盐脱水原理及发展现状。     

多种原油混合加工生产道路沥青

以混合原油加工后的减压渣油为原料，生产100号道路石油沥青，产品有高胶质、低沥青质的特点，具有优良的延度和良好的抗老化性能。     

Distillation Yields from Blending Cabinda Crude Oil and Oman Crude Oil

Abstract

The blending optimization of Cabinda and Oman crude oil was investigated to provide a consistent and optimal feedstock to refinery operations. The distillation yields < 520°C and products' distribution were studied by equilibrium-fresh vaporization (EFV) method. The results revealed that the optimal blending ratio of Cabinda and Oman crude oil was 7:3, the distillation yield before 520°C was 73.90%, 3.87% higher than the theoretical distillation yield. Relationship of distillation yields, kinematic viscosities (50°C), and surface tension (25°C) showed that the change of kinematic viscosities and surface tension were contrasted with the change of distillation yield, and meanwhile, the diesel fraction output was comparatively increased during blending distillation.     

Processing Lunpola Crude Oil

Abstract

The characteristics of crude oil from Lunpola of Xizang were studied, and the properties of different fractions were analyzed. The results indicated that this crude has great density and viscosity, solidifying points are high, and water cut is especially high. It is rich in wax and resin, but less in asphaltene, which belongs to low-sulfur intermediate-based crude oil. Looking at these characteristics, water cut oil should be more than 90°C, while dehydrated crude should be more than 100°C when it is stored, freighted, gathered, and transported; otherwise, these things will be more difficult. A reasonable processing scheme was put forward for producing diesel oil, paraffin, lube stock, and road asphalt, because it does not have a gasoline fraction but has a high diesel oil fraction and cetane number.     

原油中沥青质在碱水驱油中乳化性能的研究

研究了胜利油田孤岛稠油及胜坨高凝油中沥青质在碱水驱油方法中的乳化性能。结果表明，所研究的原油中的沥青质均含有乳化活性组分，它与碱液间均能形成低界面张力，有利于碱水驱油。     

原油乳状液稳定性研究 Ⅱ.原油成分对原油乳状液稳定性的影响

原血成分的表面活性物质及其细微固体颗粒,在油水界面上相互作用是原油乳状液其有稳定性的主要原因。本文采用简单的方法将原油中众多的物质分成两大类,并根椐它们单独时或混合后对癸烷/水乳状液稳定性作用的特征,将其分别称为原油乳化剂和原油破乳剂。试验表明,原油乳状液稳定性的高低主要取决于所含的这两大类物质的多少和相对比例,其相对重要性可由界面张力定性地反映出来;并且由原油/水界面张力的大小可以定性地评估原油乳状液的稳定性。     

结构性原油及其渗流流变特性

原油组分决定原油的结构力学性质,使其具有不同的渗流流变特性。实验表明原油胶质、沥青质、石蜡的含量及是否含气等内因决定着原油自身的流变特性;而温度、多孔介质的渗透性以及非流动相是否存在等外因,则将影响原油的渗流特性,具有结构性的原油在低速渗流时将呈现出不同的非线性渗流特征。