某尾矿堆积区土壤重金属分析与评价

通过对某尾矿堆积区进行环境调查,采集了附近土壤样品,分析了重金属含量,应用地质累积指数对其进行了评价。评价结果表明:汞的地质累积指数为0.97~6.27,57.14%采样点的污染级别为Ⅳ级,属于强污染;铅的地质累积指数为-0.03~4.74,平均指数为1.77,71.43%采样点的污染级别达到Ⅱ级,属中度污染;镉的地质累积指数为0.39~4.90,80.95%采样点的污染级别达到Ⅱ级,属中度污染;铬、砷几乎没有污染;铜、锌的地质累积指数平均值为0Igeo1,污染级别为Ⅰ级,属于无污染到中度污染;汞的污染最为严重。     

后污染期龙江河底泥中镉铅的形态分布及风险评价

为了解龙江河镉污染事件后污染期沉积物中镉、铅的形态分布和风险状况,对龙江河拉浪、怀远、宜州、湖长4个河段的底泥进行采样分析,用Tessier逐级浸提法测试镉、铅的形态及含量,用地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法评价污染程度和风险等级。结果显示,龙江河底泥中镉、铅主要以氢氧化物、碳酸盐、硫化物的形态存在,氢氧化物、碳酸盐沿河均匀分布,硫化物及总镉、总铅的含量沿河逐渐降低。拉浪、怀远河段镉的地累积指数等级为3级,属中度污染,与2012年3月和7月的6级极重污染相比污染程度已大幅下降;宜州、湖长河段镉的污染等级为2级,属偏中污染。拉浪河段底泥中镉的潜在生态风险等级为较重风险,怀远、宜州、湖长河段镉的潜在生态风险为中风险等级。对于底泥中的铅,4个河段均处于无污染状态和低风险等级。     

某冲积区土壤重金属的分析及评价

为了研究冲积区土壤重金属的累积特征,通过对研究区土壤样品分析,采用地质累积指数法、单项污染指数法和综合污染指数法进行了计算及评价。其计算结果表明,该研究区有20%的土壤重金属累积特征明显,铅有不同程度的累积。其评价结果表明,主要污染元素为汞,其次为铅。     

巩义煤矿区周边土壤重金属积累特征研究

测定了巩义某煤矿区周边区域土壤中的重金属含量,并运用单因子污染指数、内梅罗综合指数及地质累计指数评价了该区域重金属污染特征。结果表明,该地土壤已出现多种重金属元素不同程度的累积,Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,Cd,Pb和As的平均依次分别为59.9,32.23,31.46,99.29,0.32,113.14和8.23 mg/kg。单因子污染指数表明,7种元素单因子污染指数分别为0.95,1.18,1.57,1.59,1.60,5.07和0.84,Pb属重度污染,Ni,Cu,Zn和Cd属轻污染,As,Cr属安全水平。内梅罗综合指数指出,该区域土壤均存在不同程度的重金属污染,84%的采样点处于重污染水平。地质累计指数表明,该区域Pb平均级别属偏中污染,Zn,Cu平均级别均属轻污染,Cd,Ni,Cr和As元素平均级别均属无污染。     

程潮矿区周边土壤重金属污染风险评价和健康风险评估

采用单因子指数法、内梅罗指数法、潜在生态风险指数法和地累积指数法对程潮铁矿尾矿库及周边农田土壤重金属（镉、砷、铅、铬、铜、镍和锌）的生态风险及人体健康风险进行综合评价。单因子风险评价结果显示,尾矿库土壤As和Cu的污染问题突出,超标率分别为33.3%和41.7%,其它重金属在少数点位超标;农田土壤仅重金属Cd超标。内梅罗综合污染指数结果表明,16.7%的尾矿位点处于中度污染水平,25%的尾矿位点处于重度污染水平;农田土壤整体上较清洁。尾矿土壤中41.7%的Cu处于中等潜在生态风险水平,41.7%的土壤Cu属于中度~强污染地质累积风险,少数位点由于Cd和As含量较高,达到较高等级的潜在生态风险和地质累积风险。农田土壤重金属污染物主要为Cd,局部地区达到中等潜在生态风险和地质累积风险。人体健康风险评价结果表明,As和Cr的非致癌风险和致癌风险均较为突出,整体而言,尾矿区有33.3%的位点存在致癌风险,所有土壤的非致癌风险等级低,对人体健康的风险较低。由于少数位点重金属污染问题突出,仍需加强该尾矿及其周边农田土壤重金属的污染防治和风险管控。     

基于模糊数学的矿区土壤重金属污染评价——以信丰稀土矿区为例

根据土壤重金属污染评价具有的模糊性和渐变性特点,建立模糊数学污染评价模型分析重金属的污染程度.结果显示单个重金属无污染,矿区综合土壤质量等级为1级,评价分值为97.034,属于安全水平. 在此基础上,与传统的污染指数对比分析,单因子污染指数显示Ni和Pb为轻度污染,地累积指数显示Pb为中度污染,内梅罗指数和潜在生态危害指数显示为无污染和轻微生态危害.研究表明:模糊评价法不仅可以对土壤重金属进行评价,还可以建立隶属度函数描述土壤重金属污染状况的模糊性和渐变性,解决传统污染指数评价法存在的不足,比传统污染指数评价法更为客观、准确,可以作为一种有效的矿区土壤重金属污染程度的评价方法.      

两种不同的土壤重金属污染评价方法在某金矿区的应用及探讨

针对甘肃某金矿矿区及周围土壤,设置了9个土壤采样点,采样分析了铜、铅、砷、汞、镉、铬(六价)和镍7种重金属元素的含量。采用内梅罗污染指数法、地累积污染指数法进行了土壤中重金属的污染情况分析与评价,统计分析各个采样点的综合污染程度,对比分析两种方法的评价结果,两种评价方法均显示砷元素为矿区的主要污染因子,该矿区所在地生态环境脆弱,建议在后续的矿产资源开发利用活动中,加强砷元素的综合回收和利用,减少对环境的污染。     

小秦岭金矿带枣香河重金属及氰化物分布特征及污染成因

为了研究小秦岭金矿带河流中重金属及氰化物分布特征及污染成因,利用野外调研、室内淋溶试验、数据测试分析等手段,对枣香河河水和底泥中重金属和氰化物进行了时空剖析。其研究表明,河水水质污染严重,水质类别主要是劣Ⅴ类和Ⅴ类水,污染河段占93.09%,河水中主要污染物为汞、铅及氰化物。通过对近年河水断面水质对比分析得出,重金属、氰化物已经造成枣香河水的持续污染。河流中重金属主要以底泥的形式存在,底泥中铜、铅污染最严重。河水污染成因主要为山区采矿活动、山外傍河选冶作业;河水的稀释、混合作用;底泥的吸附作用、生物化学的降解作用等。影响因素主要为污染物总量及其降解速率、水系沉积物颗粒粒径、地形地貌等。     

某稀土冶炼厂及周边环境土壤中放射性核素分布特征与风险评价

为查明某稀土冶炼厂及周边环境土壤中放射性核素污染程度及危害,分析某稀土冶炼厂及其周边土壤中~(238)U、~(232)Th、~(226)Ra和~(40)K的分布特征,采用地质累积指数法、内梅罗污染指数法,健康风险评价等方法对研究区土壤放射性核素进行了研究。结果表明,4种放射性核素浓度范围分别为~(238)U 50.73～6 275.00、~(232)Th 131.00～3 581.00、~(226)Ra 45.63～5 952.00、~(40)K 59.90～1 065.00Bq/kg。由于自然淋滤和渗漏作用,随深度增加,~(238)U、~(232)Th、~(226)Ra和~(40)K浓度呈减小趋势。地质累积指数法表明,4、5号采样点~(238)U、~(232)Th和~(226)Ra为主要污染核素,其评价指数分别为(3.14、2.81、1.16)、(5.19、3.13、4.91),属重度、极重度污染。内梅罗综合污染指数法表明,4号和5号采样点属于极重度污染。健康风险评价模型分析表明,经口摄取途径健康风险较大,高于人体接受范围,吸入摄取途径健康风险在可接受范围内。某稀土冶炼厂周边土壤环境对人体具有一定的健康风险。     

福建连城锰矿重金属分布及潜在风险评价

为深入探究锰矿开采给生态环境造成的影响,以福建连城锰矿为研究对象,对锰矿周边生活区、学校、公园、河流中的Hg、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cr等重金属含量进行测定,并运用单因子污染指数法、地质累积指数法和潜在生态风险评价法对该区域重金属分布特征及潜在生态风险进行评价分析。结果显示:连城锰矿2期矿区中重金属Hg的含量严重超标,达到1.38 mg/kg,远高于标准的0.3 mg/kg;地质累积指数评价表明,Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg等在该区域属于轻度污染,应加强关注;通过潜在风险评价法得出,Hg的RI生态风险指数平均值达到370.39,属于强生态危害级别,应重点关注连城锰矿区的Hg超标所带来的生态风险问题。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)