基于Web Services的地名辞典服务的研究与实现

地名辞典服务是一个面向大众的、以地名搜索空间信息的GIS服务。为了提高地名辞典服务的互操作性和可扩展性,改善Internet上地名辞典服务的效率和质量,研究了基于Webservices的地名辞典服务的体系结构和关键技术,并实现了地名辞典服务与地图服务的集成。     

The service curve service discipline for the rate-controlled EDF service discipline in variable-sized packet networks

Guaranteed service will provide high quality services to real-time applications, e.g., audio or video, over packet networks such as the Internet. To support guaranteed service, a service discipline must guarantee a delay bound to each session. In addition, a preferred service discipline should achieve high network utilization and good scalability. The service disciplines studied so far have problems in achieving these two objectives at the same time. Generalized processor sharing (GPS) service disciplines can have low network utilization. Rate-controlled (RC) service disciplines have difficulty in scalability because of regulators. For service curve (SC) service disciplines, both the network utilization and the scalability depend on the adopted SC. To date, there have been no studies on an SC which can make an SC discipline achieve these two objectives. We propose a new service discipline based on SC service disciplines. The proposed discipline achieves these two goals in a variable-sized packet environment. We show that the discipline can achieve the network utilization achievable by the RC service disciplines. We further show that our SC requires O(1) complexity for deadline calculation. Different from the RC service disciplines, the SC service discipline with our SC does not need regulators at all. Thus, it has better scalability than the RC service disciplines and is work-conserving. We also show that the proposed SC makes SC service disciplines have strictly higher network utilization than the GPS service disciplines including the multi-rate service discipline.     

Expectation-based quality of service assessment

The ability to gauge quality of service is critical if we are to realise the potential of the service-oriented computing paradigm. Many techniques have been proposed for calculating the quality of a service, and they do so typically by collecting quality ratings from the users of the service, then combining them in one way or another to derive the quality of the service. We argue that collecting quality ratings alone from the users is not sufficient for deriving a reliable and accurate quality measure for a service. This is because different users often have different expectations on the quality of a service and their ratings tend to be closely related to these expectations, i.e. how their expectations are met. In this paper, we propose a quality of service assessment model based on user expectations. That is, we collect expectations as well as ratings from the users of a service, then calculate the quality of the service using only the ratings that have similar expectations. Our experiments show that the method we propose here can result in more meaningful and reliable quality ratings for services.     

S-ABC: A paradigm of service domain-oriented artificial bee colony algorithms for service selection and composition

With the rapid development of Cloud Computing, Big Data, Social Networks, and the Internet of Things, typical service optimization problems (SOPs) such as service selection, service composition and service resource scheduling in the service computing field have become more and more complicated due to the constant enrichment and dynamic aggregation of large number of services, as well as the unceasing variation of user requirements. Meanwhile, with the long-term development and evolution of business in many application domains, some service domain features (such as priori, correlation and similarity) are usually formed, which have strong influences on solving SOPs. Unfortunately, the existing research efforts on SOPs primarily concentrate on designing general algorithms for specific problems without considering the service domain features. This often leads to undesirable results of SOPs. Therefore, how to design a paradigm of service domain-oriented optimization algorithms with service domain features becomes a challenge for providing optimization strategies and algorithms to solve SOPs effectively. By considering the influences of service domain features on solving SOPs, this paper proposes a set of service domain-oriented artificial bee colony algorithms (S-ABC) based on the optimization mechanism of Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) method. Furthermore, by configuring the items and parameters of the S-ABC paradigm in detail, optimization algorithms for particular SOPs (e.g., service selection and composition) could be derived. In this paper, the superiority of our proposed S-ABC is verified through solving concurrent service selection and service composition problem. By exploiting the artificial bee colony algorithms for the optimization problems in service domains, this work makes novel contributions for solving SOPs, as well as extends the theory of the swarm intelligence optimization.     

Cloud service selection using cloud service brokers: approaches and challenges

Cloud computing users are faced with a wide variety of services to choose from. Consequently, a number of cloud service brokers (CSBs) have emerged to help users in their service selection process. This paper reviews the recent approaches that have been introduced and used for cloud service brokerage and discusses their challenges accordingly. We propose a set of attributes for a CSB to be considered effective. DifFerent CSBs' approaches are classified as either single service or multiple service models. The CSBs are then assessed, analyzed, and compared with respect to the proposed set of attributes. Based on our studies, CSBs with multiple service models that support more of the proposed effective CSB attributes have wider application in cloud computing environments.     

Facilitating Service Discovery with Semantic Overlay

Service Oriented Architecture （SOA） and Peer-to-Peer （P2P） computing share many common characteristics. It is believed that the combination of the two emerging techniques is a very promising method in promoting the web services （WS）. Because the service discovery plays a key role in the integration, here a P2P-based framework to manage the knowledge of service and locating services is proposed. In this paper, the details of the principle, constructing and maintaining of service semantic overlay architecture have been described, and the way how the semantic overlay facilitates discovery of service resources is illustrated. To enable the semantic web service superiority, Service Ontology, which is considered as the service semantic model, is employed to depict service. The service discovery includes two phases： searching on the service semantic overlay; and local discovery in peer＇s service repository. Various solutions have been proposed to realize those two phases. Furthermore, tests are carried out to evaluate service discovery on the architecture.     

一个优化的IP-DiffServ实时记费管理机制

提出了一个优化的IP-DiffServ实时记费管理机制。在SLA协商时和某个业务类满负荷时,该机制通过对用户业务和用户业务应用实施业务计划,为它们定义最优化的业务类。通过闲置价格、使用价格和拥塞价格的多价格体系,对用户业务进行基于使用量的实时计费。它不但可以提高网络的QoS保证能力、提高网络的抗拥塞能力以及维持用户业务价格稳定,而且可以提高网络提供业务的性能价格比。实验结果很好验证了该机制的优点。     

Formal models of communication services: a case study

Formal methods can play an important role in exploring new communication systems services. The telecommunications and data communications communities have long accepted the need for formally describing protocols, but only recently have they considered formally describing a service by abstracting specifications from a particular protocol that provides that service. Specifying a service at an abstract level meets two important needs: standardization and customization. The author presents a simplified atomic multicast as an example service and input/output automata for the formal model. He shows how to represent the service specification, a protocol, and implementations of that protocol. He also sketches how to prove the correctness of the protocol and implementation, that is, how to show that the specified service is actually provided     

Managing uncertainty in location services using rough set and evidence theory

Uncertainty in service management stems from the incompleteness and vagueness of the conditioning attributes that characterize a service. In particular, location based services often have complex interaction mechanisms in terms of their neighborhood relationships. Classical location service models require rigorous parameters and conditioning attributes and offers limited flexibility to incorporate imprecise or ambiguous evidences. In this paper we have developed a formal model of uncertainty in service management. We have developed a rough set and Dempster–Shafer’s evidence theory based formalism to objectively represent uncertainty inherent in the process of service discovery, characterization, and classification. Rough set theory is ideally suited for dealing with limited resolution, vague and incomplete information, while Dempster–Shafer’s evidence theory provides a consistent approach to model an expert’s belief and ignorance in the classification decision process. Integrating these two formal approaches in spatial domain provides a way to model an expert’s belief and ignorance in service classification. In an application scenario of the model we have used a cognitive map of retail site assessment, which reflects the partially subjective assessment process. The uncertainty hidden in the cognitive map can be consistently formalized using the proposed model. Thus we provide a naturalistic means of incorporating both qualitative aspects of intuitive knowledge as well as hard empirical information for service management within a formal uncertainty framework.     

ISS-QUAL: A Measure of Service Quality for the Information Systems Function

This article details the development and validation of ISS-QUAL, a measure of service quality for the Information Systems function. The ISS-QUAL measure is based on a theoretical model which operationalizes service quality as the comparison of expectations and perceptions across three factors: service delivery, service product, and service environment. The article concludes by reporting the results of a comparison between ISS-QUAL and SERVQUAL, in which ISS-QUAL is shown to have greater explanatory power.     

Service feature modeling: modeling and participatory ranking of service design alternatives

The design of software-intensive service systems involves and affects numerous stakeholders including software engineers, legal and business experts as well as a potentially large number of consumers. In consequence, the challenge arises to adequately represent the interests of these groups with respect to service design decisions. Specifically, shared service design artifacts and participatory methods for influencing their development in consensus are required, which are not yet state of the art in software service engineering. To this end, we present service feature modeling. Using a modeling notation based on feature-oriented analysis, our approach can represent and interrelate diverse service design concerns and capture their potential combinations as service design alternatives. We further present a method that allows stakeholders to rank service design alternatives based on their preferences. The ranking can support service engineers in selecting viable alternatives for implementation. To exploit this potential, we have implemented a toolkit to enable both modeling and participative ranking of service design alternatives. It has been used to apply service feature modeling in the context of public service design and evaluate the approach in this context.     

基于WSFL的Web服务组合

运用Web服务组合技术可以将越来越多的Web服务组合成一个更新更强大的服务.随着Web服务组合技术的发展,出现了各种用于描述和规范Web服务组合过程的语言.其中,WSFL是一种相对成熟的Web服务组合语言.介绍了Web服务组合的概念、方式、过程以及WSFL的相关概念,提出了使用WSFL在多个服务提供者之间进行商业过程的模型.     

IT service climate,antecedents and IT service quality outcomes: Some initial evidence

Although many IT service management frameworks exist, we still have limited theoretical understanding of IT service quality within a broader nomological network. Building on recent conceptual work on the IT service climate construct, this study empirically establishes it as a predictor of IT service quality using survey data from both IT units and their clients. Also examined was a set of antecedents which provide a foundation upon which a favorable service climate can be built. The IT service climate instrument, when incorporated into employee feedback initiatives, can provide guidance to IT executives about practices to improve service quality.     

Composing software services in the pervasive computing environment: Languages or APIs?

The pervasive computing environment will be composed of heterogeneous services. In this work, we have explored how a domain specific language for service composition can be implemented to capture the common design patterns for service composition, yet still retain a comparable performance to other systems written in mainstream languages such as Java. In particular, we have proposed the use of the method delegation design pattern, the resolution of service bindings through the use of dynamically adjustable characteristics and the late binding of services as key features in simplifying the service composition task. These are realised through the Scooby language, and the approach is compared to the use of APIs to define adaptable services.     

Exploring the Hotel Service Personnel's Cognitive Implications toward Service Attributes and Ethics

It is extremely important for service personnel to have high ethical standards, be committed to the business, and be willing to serve customers well, as this can help their employer to gain a competitive advantage. This study adopted the Kano model and proposed a service ethics scale to explore service personnel's cognitive implications toward hotel service attributes and ethics. Based on a literature review and expert interviews, this study summarized 40 service ethics variables. A total of 438 responses from hotel service personnel were collected. Through factor analysis, seven dimensions (factors) of service ethic measurement were confirmed. The analytical results showed that hotel attributes within the “service attitude” and “room facilities” factors are evaluated as attractive and one‐dimensional qualities by the service personnel with high ethical standards. Such attributes should thus be a focus of hotels to increase the level of customer satisfaction. Finally, the limitations and managerial implications of this work, as well as directions for future research, are also provided. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Towards runtime discovery, selection and composition of semantic services

Service-orientation is gaining momentum in distributed software applications, mainly because it facilitates interoperability and allows application designers to abstract from underlying implementation technologies. Service composition has been acknowledged as a promising approach to create composite services that are capable of supporting service user needs, possibly by personalising the service delivery through the use of context information or user preferences. In this paper we discuss the challenges of automatic service composition, and present DynamiCoS, which is a novel framework that aims at supporting service composition on-demand and at runtime for the benefit of service end-users. We define the DynamiCoS framework based on a service composition life-cycle. Framework mechanisms are introduced to tackle each of the phases and requirements of this life-cycle. Semantic services are used in our framework to enable reasoning on the service requests issued by end-users, making it possible to automate service discovery, selection and composition. We validate our framework with a prototype that we have built in order to experiment with the mechanisms we have designed. The prototype was evaluated in a testing environment using some use case scenarios. The results of our evaluation give evidences of the feasibility of our approach to support runtime service composition. We also show the benefits of semantic-based frameworks for service composition, particularly for end-users who will be able to have more control on the service composition process.     

基于全局QoS 约束分解的Web 服务动态选择

随着执行时绑定的Web服务的提出及其被大量地应用到开放式服务中,用户对支持快速和动态的Web服务组合提出了新的要求.即在组合过程中,用尽可能短的时间花费选择满足用户端到端的QoS要求的服务.针对上述要求,提出了一种基于全局QoS约束分解的动态服务选择方法(Web service dynamic selection approach,简称WSDSA).该方法的主要思想是,通过基于模糊逻辑的自适应调整方法(adaptive adjustment method,简称AAM)和自适应粒子群优化算法(adaptive particle swarm optimization,简称APSO)将全局QoS约束自适应地分解为满足用户偏好的局部约束,然后利用局部最优获得最合适的组合服务.性能评价表明,WSDSA方法具有较好的有效性,仅用较低的时间花费就能达到或接近全局最优解,能够满足服务选择的实时性和动态性.     

面向服务监管的信息服务标识生成与管理方案

信息服务在对经济社会发展产生重大影响的同时,也带来了一系列安全挑战。实现对信息服务的细粒度、持续、动态监管,成为信息服务管理的重中之重。传统的静态身份认证和管理机制,难以满足对信息服务实体与服务质量的持续性监管需求。提出一种面向服务监管的信息服务标识生成与管理方案,从信息服务类别、服务等级、服务质量可信度等多个角度定义了一种信息服务标识格式,使用层次分析法对信息服务进行评级,并对信息服务标识进行动态管理,可满足面向多维业务属性的信息服务标识的签发和细粒度动态管理的需求。