裂缝性储层压裂水平井压力动态分析

利用点源函数和叠加原理,建立并求解裂缝性储层压裂水平井数学模型,绘制并分析压力动态曲线。结果表明:裂缝性储层压裂水平井的流动形态可分为井筒储存、第一线性流、第一径向流、第二线性流、拟稳态窜流和第二径向流等6个主要阶段;裂缝半长一定下,裂缝间距越大,第一线性流持续时间越短,第一径向流持续时间越长;储能比决定窜流过渡段的凹槽宽度和凹陷深度;窜流系数决定窜流过渡段的凹槽位置。该研究成果可为裂缝性储层压裂水平井的动态分析及试井解释提供依据。     

缝洞油藏注气吞吐优选和技术界限优化设计

缝洞型油藏一直以来都是开发过程中十分具有挑战的课题,在我国也已发现大型底水整装缝洞型油藏。由于底水十分发育,水平井快速见水,油藏整体采收率20%左右。首先通过实验对比注入N_2和CO_2进行吞吐的效果分析,研究证实针对缝洞底水油藏的特殊情况,高含水水平井中进行注气吞吐时,虽然注入N_2可以有效保持储层压力,但是注入CO_2能够更加有效的降低含水率和提高采收率(相比较注N_2,提高了10%以上),同时CO_2吞吐效率(50%)要高于底水驱效率(30%)。仿真数值模拟结果表明,针对TK907井,最佳工艺为注气速度50 t/d,注气量481 t,焖井22天和吞吐2轮次。     

裂缝性储层水力裂缝扩展规律数值模拟研究

天然裂缝与水力裂缝的相互作用形成复杂裂缝的关键,采用耦合孔隙水压力的内聚力单元,模拟了天然裂缝存在下水力裂缝的扩展情况,探讨了逼近角及天然裂缝起裂应力对水力裂缝扩展及天然裂缝开启范围的影响。为保证缝内压力的连续性,在预置天然裂缝与水力裂缝的相交处耦合孔隙压力,裂缝位置采用变密度进行网格划分以提高收敛性。数值分析结果表明:水力裂缝的诱导应力场使得天然裂缝提前开启,天然裂缝的破坏形式以剪切破坏为主导;水平主应力差一定时,逼近角越小天然裂缝越易开启且开启长度越长;天然裂缝起裂应力增加,水力裂缝最大缝宽增加天然裂缝开启范围缩小。     

重力数据处理方法在LAMU盆地L2区块划分断裂的应用

以LAMU盆地L2区块为研究对象,以高精度重力资料为基础,通过对重力异常平面等值线图进行分析,并结合突出断裂构造信息的资料处理方法,如方向导数法、重磁力水平总梯度法,同时再结合地质资料进行综合分析,来划分研究区的断裂展布,在研究区推测出11条断裂。     

低碳经济下再论活性染料短流程湿蒸轧染染色工艺(续)

本文介绍了活性染料短流程湿蒸连续轧染染色工艺的特点。是继1990年作者首次发表有关该工艺的理论与实践后,再次对该工艺进行评述,详细阐明湿短蒸工艺的理论基础和影响因素,并以翔实的生产实践数据说明该工艺从固色率、化学品排放和能源节约都超过常规轧蒸工艺。     

A New Sensor for Determination of Anionic Surfactants in Detergent Products with Carbon Nanotubes as Solid Contact

A new solid‐state sensor for potentiometric determination of surfactants with a layer of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes was prepared. As a sensing material, 1,3‐didecyl‐2‐methylimidazolium–tetraphenylborate ion‐pair was used. The investigated sensor showed a Nernstian response for both dodecylbenzenesulphonate (DBS, 57.6 mV/decade of activity between 5 × 10^?7 to 1 × 10^?3 M) and sodium lauryl sulfate (LS, 58.4 mV/decade of activity between 2 × 10^?7 to 2 × 10^?3 M). It responded in 8–10 s for each ten‐fold concentration change in the range of 1 × 10^?6 to 3 × 10^?3 M. The detection limits for DS and DBS were 2 × 10^?7 and 3 × 10^?7 M, respectively. The sensor revealed a stable response (signal drift 2.6 mV/h) and exhibited satisfactory selectivity performances for LS over most of the anions generally used in surfactant‐based commercial detergents. The main application of this sensor was the end‐point determination in potentiometric titrations of anionic surfactants. The (diisobutyl phenoxy ethoxy ethyl)dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (Hyamine), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, hexadecylpyridinium chloride monohydrate (HDPC) and 1,3‐didecyl‐2‐methylimidazolium chloride were tested as potential cationic titrants, and all exhibited analytically usable titration curves with well‐defined equivalence points. The standard solution of HDPC was used as a cationic titrant by all potentiometric titrations. The operational life‐time of the sensor described was prolonged to more than 3 months.     

一种用腐殖酸助滤生产硝磷酸液的新方法

在以硝酸和磷矿为起始原料生产硝基肥的工艺中：在硝酸萃取磷矿过程中加入腐殖酸,过滤工段利用腐殖酸助滤,实现了固液顺利分离;滤饼简单洗涤并中和后去造有机肥,滤液经后续工序去造硝基肥,这样不外排滤渣,养分也不损失,做到了资源的循环利用。     

烷基酯法草甘膦尾气的连续回收工艺

介绍了烷基酯法草甘膦尾气的连续化回收工艺。采用硫酸分段循环和降温相结合的方法，尾气氯甲烷的回收率达90％以上．含水量小于50mg／kg。     

锦/棉交织物的活性染料一浴染色同色性的研究

本文研究了锦/棉交织物的活性染料一浴法染色,并分析了染色过程中各工艺因素对锦/棉交织物染色的影响。在研究条件下,染浴pH降低,△E降低,同色性趋好,当AE=1.85时同色性最佳;当染色的111色温度为40℃-45℃时,可使△E<3,满足同色性要求。△E随硫酸钠和纯碱的用量而变化,当硫酸钠为50g/1、纯碱为10g/1-20g/1时,△E<3。实验结果显示:对锦/棉交织物的同色性△E的影响因素的顺序为pH>温度>硫酸钠>纯碱。     

新型变换气制碱技术在联碱行业的应用

介绍了一种新型变换气制碱技术。该技术与传统变换气制碱相比,具有流程短、投资省、能耗低、易于实现大型化和自动化等优点。     

A2O工艺去除焦化废水中挥发性有机物的研究

用厌氧-缺氧-好氧（A2O）工艺处理焦化废水,研究探讨A2O工艺处理焦化废水各工艺段对挥发性有机物的生物降解和去除规律。采用GC—MS联用技术对焦化废水中的挥发性有机物进行定性定量分析,共检测各类挥发性有机物18种。     

基于小孔径PVDF内衬膜A/O-MBR膜污染分析

为研究膜生物反应器膜污染问题,在缺氧-好氧一体式膜生物反应器中,对模拟生活污水的处理效果进行考察,考察了4种不同孔径聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)内衬膜对膜污染的影响规律。结果表明,基于小孔径PVDF膜的MBR工艺对模拟生活污水中COD、NH3-N的去除率分别达到96%、90%,出水浊度在0.35 NTU以下;在操作条件固定的情况下,随着膜孔径增加,临界通量逐渐降低;孔径越小,跨膜压差上升越缓慢,膜污染较轻。膜污染模型分析结果显示:无论何种孔径的膜,在MBR系统中,滤饼层和凝胶层污染所占的比例都最大(>80%),因此,在使用过程中减缓滤饼层及凝胶层的形成至关重要。     

A New Hypothetical Concept in Metabolic Understanding of Cardiac Fibrosis: Glycolysis Combined with TGF-β and KLF5 Signaling

The accumulation of fibrosis in cardiac tissues is one of the leading causes of heart failure. The principal cellular effectors in cardiac fibrosis are activated fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, which serve as the primary source of matrix proteins. TGF-β signaling pathways play a prominent role in cardiac fibrosis. The control of TGF-β by KLF5 in cardiac fibrosis has been demonstrated for modulating cardiovascular remodeling. Since the expression of KLF5 is reduced, the accumulation of fibrosis diminishes. Because the molecular mechanism of fibrosis is still being explored, there are currently few options for effectively reducing or reversing it. Studying metabolic alterations is considered an essential process that supports the explanation of fibrosis in a variety of organs and especially the glycolysis alteration in the heart. However, the interplay among the main factors involved in fibrosis pathogenesis, namely TGF-β, KLF5, and the metabolic process in glycolysis, is still indistinct. In this review, we explain what we know about cardiac fibroblasts and how they could help with heart repair. Moreover, we hypothesize and summarize the knowledge trend on the molecular mechanism of TGF-β, KLF5, the role of the glycolysis pathway in fibrosis, and present the future therapy of cardiac fibrosis. These studies may target therapies that could become important strategies for fibrosis reduction in the future.     

棉盖丙复合针织物活性/碱性染料同浴染色工艺探讨

在用次氯酸钠溶液进行氯漂/氯化的基础上,重点研究了用活性染料/碱性染料同浴对棉盖丙复合针织物染色时,分散剂的用量、碱剂的用量、染色温度、染色时间等因素对染色效果的影响。试验结果表明:当 IW分散剂用量为2．5g/l时可获得比较好的分散效果,弱碱性条件下棉的色差很小,丙纶的色差也可以接受; 温度低时,对碱性染料上染丙纶不利,90℃时染色效果较好,同浴染色时间增加,色差明显增大。     

A_1-A_2/O工艺结合生物流化床降解焦化废水NH_3-N、COD中试研究

本文介绍了用 A1 - A2 / O工艺结合流化床技术对攀钢高浓度焦化废水进行 NH3 - N、COD降解的中试试验。试验结果表明 :当进水 NH3 - N<5 0 0 mg/ L、COD<2 0 0 0 m g/ L 时 ,该工艺可以实现 NH3 - N去除率 97%以上 ,COD去除率 85 %以上 ,酚去除率 99.9%。药剂及动力费用为 6 .6元 / t水 ,停留时间 5 0 h