Evolutionary gaming approach for decision making of Tier‐3 Internet service provider networks migration to SoDIP6 networks

With the increasing number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, current networking world is suffering in terms of management and operations with lack of IPv4 addresses leading to issues like network address translation (NAT) proliferation, security and quality of services. Software‐defined networking (SDN) and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) are the new networking paradigms evolved to address related issues of legacy IPv4 networking. To adapt with global competitive environment and avoid all existing issues in legacy networking system, network service providers have to migrate their networks into IPv6 and SDN‐enabled networks. But immediate transformations of existing network are not viable due to several factors like higher cost of migration, lack of technical human resources, lack of standards and protocols during transitions, and many more. In this paper, we present the migration analysis for proper decision making of network transition in terms of customer demand, traffic engineering, and organizational strength with operation expenditure for network migration using evolutionary gaming approach. Joint migration to SDN‐enabled IPv6 network from game theoretic perspective is modeled and is validated using numerical results obtained from simulations. Our empirical analysis shows the evolutionary process of network migration while different internal and external factors in the organization affect the overall migration. Evolutionary game in migration planning is supportive in decision making for service providers to develop suitable strategy for their network migration. The proposed approach for migration decision making is mostly applicable to fairly sustained service providers who lack economics, regulation/policy, and resources strengths.     

一种面向Portal认证的IPv6可信地址分配机制

随着网络规模的增长,对网络进行精细化管控变得尤为重要。在下一代互联网中将用户可信身份嵌入 IPv6 地址后缀形成可信地址,能够进一步提高网络行为的可追溯性。目前已有研究基于 Portal 认证配合DHCPv6将用户的身份信息嵌入用户终端的IPv6地址中,但是为了分配可信地址而改动的DHCPv6过程造成了机制对用户终端不透明,无法大规模部署。提出了一种面向Portal认证的IPv6可信地址分配机制,通过服务器信令交互配合软件定义网络（SDN）技术实现IPv6可信地址的间接分配,而且与地址分配方式无关。最后,实现了一个原型系统并在江苏南京电信现网机房评估了其可行性和性能,结果表明此机制在对终端透明的情况下仅带来很少的额外开销。     

Virtual network embedding in software-defined hybrid networks

Network virtualization provides a powerful way of sharing substrate networks. Efficient allocation of network resources for multiple virtual networks (VNs) has always been a challenging task. In particular, with the demands of the customized VN requests are increasing, many problems arise as network conditions change dynamically. Especially, when the resources conflicting appear during the lifetime of VNs, it needs service provider (SP) to provide a fast and effective solution. Recently, software defined network (SDN) has emerged as a new networking paradigm, SDN’s centralized control and customizable routing features present new opportunities for convenient and flexible embedding VNs in the network. However, due to the limitations of the SDN, in the short term, replacing all legacy devices in current operational networks by SDN-enabled switches is impractical. Thus, in our study, we focus on the scenario of VN embedding (VNE) in software-defined hybrid networks. In this work, first of all, we propose partially deploying SDN nodes, and then, we use the characteristics of SDN to allocate resources for VN requests, and redirect the path for requests conflict in hybrid SDN network. We formulate the problems and provide simple algorithms to solve them. Simulation results show that our scheme is high responsiveness and acceptance ratio.     

Efficient software-defined passive optical network with network coding

The huge increase in broadband service requires much more bandwidth than ever before; however, due to the cost sensitivity, it is not possible to pursue high transmission rate blindly in the access network, which requires us to consider how to improve network efficiency. In this paper, a software-defined passive optical network architecture with network coding (NC) is proposed to reduce downstream bandwidth consumption and thus increases the throughput and network efficiency. To flexibly implement the coding operation on local peer traffic, the NC pair management scheme is provided and keeps the compatibility with the current multi-point control protocol (MPCP) in a single optical line terminal (OLT). Considering the trends in OLT pooling and the requirement of smooth network upgrade, software-defined networking (SDN) techniques are applied in the NC-based passive optical networks. Through re-arranging the affiliations between the OLTs and optical network units (ONUs), the local traffic between peer ONUs will be led from non-NC-supported OLTs to NC-supported OLTs, and then the downstream efficiency will be still quite high even in a hybrid OLT pool. The experiments and evaluation results show that, the software-defined passive optical networks with NC reduce nearly 50 % occupied downstream bandwidth, when there is local traffic between peer ONUs, even in a hybrid OLT pool.     

Time-sensitive software-defined networking (Ts-SDN) control architecture for flexi-grid optical networks with data center application

Data center interconnected by flexi-grid optical networks is a promising scenario to meet the high burstiness and high bandwidth requirement of data center application, because flexi-grid optical networks can allocate spectral resources for applications in a dynamic, tunable and efficient control manner. Meanwhile, as centralized control architecture, the software-defined networking (SDN) enabled by OpenFlow protocol can provide maximum flexibility for the networks and make a unified control over various resources for the joint optimization of data center and network resources. Time factor is firstly introduced into SDN-based control architecture for flexi-grid optical networks supporting data center application. A traffic model considering time factor is proposed, and a requirement parameter, i.e., bandwidth-period product is adopted for the service requirement measurement. Then, time-sensitive software-defined networking (Ts-SDN)-based control architecture is designed with OpenFlow protocol extension. A novel deadline-driven PCE algorithm is proposed for the deadline-driven service under Ts-SDN-based control architecture, which can complete data center selection, path computation and bandwidth resource allocation. Finally, simulation results shows that our proposed Ts-SDN control architecture and deadline-driven PCE algorithm can improve the application and network performance to a large extent in blocking probability.     

服务定制网络

针对当前互联网中存在的2个亟待解决的问题：OTT（over the top）流量占用大量网络带宽以及信息高度冗余,提出了一种具有差异化服务能力的未来网络体系架构——服务定制网络（SCN, service customized networking）。SCN基于软件定义网络设计,继承了其数据控制分离以及网络可编程的主要特点,并针对当前互联网中的问题,增加了网络虚拟化能力以及内容智能调度能力。通过构建具有不同等级服务能力的虚拟网络,SCN可以避免OTT业务大量占用带宽。同时,通过信息资源智能有序调度,SCN可以消减信息冗余。在小规模真实网络平台上进行的实验结果表明,SCN确实具备为不同用户提供差异化服务能力以及有效减少信息冗余的能力。     

基于SDN架构的电信承载网和BNG设备演进思路

提出了一种新的承载网络架构,其最主要的特点是控制和承载分离.还根据当前软件定义网络（SDN）技术发展的水平、现有宽带网络网关（BNG）设备的实现以及电信承载网络自身的特点,提出了电信承载网和BNG设备向SDN架构演进的阶段性发展步骤,并对其中的一些细节进行了详细探讨.SDN网络的逐步部署必将加速互联网技术革新的步伐,为未来电信网络注入更多活力.     

SDN-Based Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering Algorithm for Interference Mitigation in Ultra-Dense Small Cell Networks

Ultra-dense small cell networks (UD-SCNs) have been identified as a promising scheme for next-generation wireless networks capable of meeting the ever-increasing demand for higher transmission rates and better quality of service. However, UD-SCNs will inevitably suffer from severe interference among the small cell base stations, which will lower their spectral efficiency. In this paper, we propose a software-defined networking (SDN)-based hierarchical agglomerative clustering (SDN-HAC) framework, which leverages SDN to centrally control all sub-channels in the network, and decides on cluster merging using a similarity criterion based on a suitability function. We evaluate the proposed algorithm through simulation. The obtained results show that the proposed algorithm performs well and improves system payoff by 18.19% and 436.34% when compared with the traditional network architecture algorithms and non-cooperative scenarios, respectively.     

Centralized vs. distributed algorithms for resilient 5G access networks

Photonic Network Communications - Cloud radio access networks (C-RANs), relying on network function virtualization and software-defined networking (SDN), require a proper placement of baseband...     

An experimental feasibility study on applying SDN technology to disaster-resilient wide area networks

The Internet may get catastrophic impacts when unexpected disasters such as earthquakes, tsunami, etc. happen. Therefore, it is necessary to equip resilient technologies for the Internet backbones in order to face challenges (e.g., link, device failures, rerouting traffic, etc.) in the disasters. The emerging software-defined networking (SDN) technology, which logically centralizes network function on a controller and remotely manages distributed SDN devices, shows a lot of potential. This paper presents an experimental feasibility study on applying SDN to wide area backbones for the disaster-resilient purpose. To show the efficiency of SDN technology in responding fast to the network situation changes, we conduct three evaluations on real SDN devices and large-scale SDN-based wide area networks (WANs) assuming disaster scenarios. In the first evaluation, we explore the proactive recovery mechanism using the fast failover on SDN devices. In the second one, we investigate the communication latency between controllers and SDN devices, which is one of the most important factors in the reactive recovery in the software-defined backbone. In the last one, we experiment the fast end-to-end reactive recovery behavior of a TCP flow in a disaster scenario. The evaluation results clearly indicate that the SDN-based WAN is technically feasible and effective for fast recovery from disasters.     

IPv4/IPv6协议过渡机制的实验研究

从IPv4向IPv6的过渡是网络发展的一大趋势，但存在很多技术问题亟待解决。为了使这一过渡尽可能地平滑，人们提出了很多解决方法。本文研究了几种主流的过渡机制，并就一个基于隧道代理的过渡方案给出其具体实现方法，并进行了实验。实验证明，该方案有效地实现了对现有IPv4网络向IPv6的升级，并保证了IPv6网络与IPv4网络的互联互通。     

IP网络向下一代互联网演进探讨

为解决IPv4地址紧缺的问题,并提升现有互联网在服务质量、安全管理、移动性等方面存在的不足,基于IPv6的下一代互联网越来越受到人们的关注。本文从IPv6的技术特点和发展趋势出发,分析了现有IP网络向下一代互联网演进的不同模式和组网架构,并根据运营商的实际需求探讨了相应的演进策略。     

软件定义数据中心网络研究

提出了一种基于软件定义网络的数据中心网络方案,并对其结构和部署进行了详细介绍。通过使用软件定义网络技术,该方案解决了传统数据中心中网络利用效率低下、管控方式复杂、建设运维成本较高等问题。该方案具有结构简单、易于部署的优点。在负载均衡、域内虚拟机迁移等典型应用中,我们对该方案进行了验证,结果表明该方案具有良好的实用性。该方案为数据中心网络架构设计提供了一种重要思路。     

Deployment and test of IPv6 services in the VTHD network

This article presents the deployment and test of IPv6 services in the very high broadband IP/WDM (VTHD) [L. Thual, 2003] network for new-generation Internet applications. The VTHD project is partially funded by the French government through the French Research Network for Telecom (RNRT). VTHD supports both IPv4 and IPv6 services, and interconnects research centers and institutions in France. It has a public autonomous system number (AS20603) and a public IPv6 subnet. It is connected to the IPv6 global network via open transit (France Telecom's international IP service for ISPs). VTHD in France compares with Internet2 in the United States. This article focuses on the implementation of the IPv6 service, IPv6 performance (in the context of a high-speed network), the advantages of given technologies, and problems encountered. The following items are developed: VTHD architecture, IPv6 address space and aggregation, transition mechanisms, routing protocols, network test performance, IPSec test performance, naming (DNS), and network management.     

浅析SDN在广电网络IP化中的应用

新一代信息技术的发展离不开IP技术,物联网、WiFi、IPv6、5G等均与IP技术密不可分。通过分析广电网络现有架构,从网络安全、组网成本、网络传输能力等方面探讨基于SDN的组网方案与传统的组网方案的区别。针对传统网络架构存在的不足,将网络设备上的控制权分离出来,统一由集中的控制器管理,从而无须再依赖底层网络设备,屏蔽了来自底层网络设备的差异,自定义实现网络路由和传输规则策略,取消了一些不必要的中间传输环节,使广电网络传输更安全、智能、高效。     

Scalability of software defined network

With the development of software-defined networking (SDN),its scalability has become one of the most important issues of SDN.The features of SDN was studied which lead to its scalability problem when SDN was applied to large-scale network.The three main causes leading to scalability problem were discussed:control plane and data plane separation,logical centralized control and fine-grained flow control.Meanwhile,the studies which focus on the scalability of SDN from three aspects:scalability of performance,scalability of geographic and scalability of control was presented.Further,the studies on the performance evaluation of the scalability of SDN were introduced.Finally,the future work was discussed.     

Mobility management approaches for SDN-enabled mobile networks

The evolving network technologies aim at meeting the envisioned communication demands of future smart cities and applications. Although software-defined networking (SDN) enables flexible network control, its applicability to mobile networks is still in its infancy. When it comes to introducing the SDN vision to mobile networks, handling of wireless events and mobility management operations stand out as major challenges. In this paper, we study the scalability issues of SDNized wireless networks, specifically those relevant to mobility management. We design and implement different mobility management approaches in SDNized wireless networks and investigate the impact of various system variables on the overall handover delays. We also study the improvements in handover delays: (i) when a proposed proactive mobility management algorithm is implemented; (ii) when the controller delegates partial control of mobility management to the forwarding entities. For the implementation of the proposed approaches on the OpenFlow network, the paper also suggests potential extensions to the OpenFlow protocol. The contributed approaches are validated on a full-scale demonstrator, with results showing that proactive outperforms reactive and that the delegated control approach performs better than proactive for smaller topology sizes. Furthermore, a proposal for LTE X2-specific control delegation is discussed as a use case.     

城域网IPv4到IPv6过渡方案的分析研究

全球IPv4地址已经耗尽,IPv6的需求不断扩大,但是IPv4到IPv6过渡是一个逐步演进的过程,如何使用各种过渡技术在现有IPv4网络设备资源下进行IPv4网络到IPv6网络的平滑过渡已成为当代互联网发展的方向。因此提出了城域网宽带拨号用户IPv4到IPv6过渡方案,即以双协议栈为基础技术,同时采用6to4/ISATAP Tunnel。并且在此环境下运行WWW、FTP、Http、DNS等网络应用平台。     

Exploiting the control power of SDN during the transition from IP to SDN networks

The emerging software‐defined networking (SDN) paradigm introduces new opportunities to improve network performance due to the flexibility and programmability provided by a logically centralized element named controller. However, a rapid adoption of the full SDN architecture is difficult in the short term due to economic and technical reasons. This paper faces the SDN nodes replacement problem during the transition from traditional IP networks to fully deployed SDN networks. Six different replacement methods are proposed to select the most appropriate set of traditional IP nodes to be upgraded to SDN‐enabled switches at a particular transition stage. To show the effectiveness of the proposed methods, they have been applied on an optimization problem currently studied by the research community: the power consumption problem. An integer linear programming formulation is presented to solve it and a genetic algorithm is evaluated through simulations on realistic network topologies. Results highlight that energy‐efficiency in hybrid IP/SDN networks can be significantly improved by only replacing a reduced number of IP nodes.     

SDN Based Mobile Networks: Concepts and Benefits

Mobile Internet traffic is expected to grow faster than the fixed Internet traffic in a near future. Since, today’s broadband networks are approaching theoretical limits in terms of spectral efficiency per link, mobile operators are compelled to seek for new solutions that will be able to accommodate the expected traffic growth and improve their position in the competitive market. Addressing those challenges with current inflexible, not scalable and complex architecture is very hard, if possible at all. Software defined networking (SDN) is a new networking architecture paradigm that holds great promise to overcome many of mentioned limitations and provides required improvements in performance by decoupling control functions from underlying physical infrastructure. In this paper, we explain key reasons for transition to SDN based mobile networks and briefly describe several proposals of design scenario. Special emphasis is placed on SDN’s contribution to more efficient inter-cell interference management, traffic control and network virtualization.