热电联产是节能的有效途径

1自备热电厂的供热情况乐山造纸厂自备热电厂现有发电装机容量为peXX）kW,最大供热蒸汽负荷为88Uh,供热管道总长约6．skM（包括厂内沙D所有生产与生活用汽等的热力管道）。在供热蒸汽中,0．8－1．3MPa参数的热负荷分别由C3－35／10型机组的调整抽汽和背压式B3－35／Ic型机组的排汽供给。0．4MPa参数的热负荷由B3－3．43／0．49型背压式机组排汽供给。全部对外供汽的回水率为零。表11990～1997年自备热电厂供热情况完八个系IW热〕1比问4．w／U2热电联产与单独锅炉供汽的技术经济比较自备热电厂的节能是由于实现了热能的综合利用,…     

双级钠串联制备锅炉软化水益处多

锅炉经济运行的考核指标是供汽（供热）成本和燃料消耗量。供汽成本包括人员工资、设备折旧及大修费用和水、电、盐的消耗。其中盐的消耗和水的消耗占相当的比重，选择合理的水处理方法对锅炉的安全节能具有重要作用。     

热电厂增加汽动给水泵工程的经济效益分析

包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司热电厂8#、9#锅炉新增加1台汽动给水泵后,不仅节约了厂用电量,而且汽动泵的排汽并入厂内低压蒸汽管网后,还可用来供热或加热除氧器。经生产实践检验证明,热电厂改造为汽动给水泵后,可以提高企业的经济效益和节能效益。     

上海杨浦热网分析研究

杨浦热网由杨树浦电厂供热，现有用户１６１家，主要是工厂，供热线路有东线、北线、西线向用一供低压蒸汽，为应付热负荷上涨已采取：(１）核定用汽设备，确定用汽定额；（２）冬季用汽高峰实行计划限汽；（）热价调整至４５．５元百万大卡，使电厂不亏损。分析认为（１）汽机抽汽压力可适当降低，多发电，初步估算可多收２８０万元；（２）新扩建供热管路应减少弯头，减低压降，提高热网效率，节约燃料；（３）杨浦电厂已属热电厂应以热定电，除考核发电指标外也应考核供热指标，并采用热网微杨自动监控系统。(摘自上海能源研究会第九届年…     

负荷率与热电厂的经济效益

热电厂既能满足热负荷和电负荷又能降低成本，它大有前途，热电厂节煤效益是由于采用高效大容量锅炉带来供热节煤效益和供热蒸汽减少了冷源损失带来的发电节煤效益所组成的。节煤总直接与负荷率有关，热电厂实际负荷由于种种原因小于设计规划。负荷不足造成锅炉效率下降，汽轮机内效率下降，相对于每吨蒸汽的管网热损失增加，节煤总效益大大降低。这应引起热电厂设计，运行和管理部门极大的注意。     

不同供热参数下的热电联产机组节能比较

热电联产机组相比普通化石燃料电厂具有明显的节能优势。而选址的不同会导致热电厂供汽端参数变化。依据某一具体热电联产项目,通过计算两种不同供热参数下热电厂的热经济性指标差异,比较了其对供热机组热经济性的影响,可供有关人员在确定热电联产项目选址时参考。     

一炉多用—医院供热改造新途径

医院供热包括供应水蒸气和供暖两个方面.现在大多数医院为完成这二项任务装备了蒸汽锅炉和热水锅炉,这两种锅炉各自专用,不能相互替代.供暖锅炉半年使用、半年闲置而蒸汽锅炉又常年运行,由于种种原因不可能有充分的备用锅炉,一旦锅炉设备出现故障,将影响供汽、供暖工作.这种情况在我国北方地区尤为普遍.本文介绍了由QS型混合加热设备在我院的应用.实现了一炉多用,提高了设备利用率,扭转了供热工作的被动局面.     

对工厂供热系统进行系统节能的探讨

工厂供热系统包括锅炉、热网和用户,是一个整体。系统的能源利用率不仅取决于锅炉热效率的高低,且在更大程度上取决于用热设备和管网输送热效率的高低。当前,工厂供热系统中,锅炉平均运行热效率低,用汽设备耗汽量大的问题很突出,管网输送     

浅析两个节能技术改造项日效果和效益

为了减少热电厂的热损失,提高能源利用率,提出了锅炉连续排污扩容蒸汽和汽轮机汽封漏汽冷凝水技术改造和回收利用方法,通过效益和效果分析,节能和环保显著.     

热电厂集中供热网最佳供回水温度及运行调节的研究

对于目前广泛采用的热电厂集中供热系统 ,本文针对不同热用户的不同要求 ,并根据热网的预测模型 ,为锅炉和汽机的运行提供正确的设定参数 ;提出从经济技术角度确定管网最佳供回、水温度的原则 ;同时分别从热源、最不利热用户的角度分析了供热管网系统的初调节和运行调节问题     

太阳能吸收式空调及供热系统的设计和性能

一套太阳能吸收式空调及供热综合系统已在山东省乳山市建成。该系统由热管式真空管集热器、溴化锂吸收式制冷机、储水箱、循环、冷却塔、空调箱、辅助燃油锅炉和自动控制系统等内部分组成,具有夏季制冷、冬季供热和全年提供生活用热水等功能。太阳能集热器总采光面积540m∧2,制冷、供热功率100kW,空调、采暖建筑面积1000m∧2供生活用热水量32m∧3／d。文中着重介绍了系统的设计特点和测试性能。     

Analysis of the impact of heat-to-power ratio for a SOFC-based mCHP system for residential application under different climate regions in Europe

In this paper, the ability of a micro combined heat and power (mCHP) system to cover the heat and electricity demand of a single-family residence is investigated. A solid oxide fuel cell based mCHP system coupled with a hot water storage tank is analyzed. The energy profiles of single-family households in different European countries are evaluated. The range of Heat-to-Power Ratio for the SOFC-based mCHP System of 0.5–1.5 shows good agreement with the hot water, space heating and electricity demand during the warm seasons across Europe. This suggests that the fuel cell system should be sized according to the summer energy demand. The winter energy demand shows a Heat-to-Power Ratio which cannot be covered by the mCHP unit alone. To ensure that the mCHP system meets both the thermal and electrical energy demand over the entire year, an auxiliary boiler and a hot water storage tank need to be coupled with the mCHP unit. It is further noted that the size of the auxiliary boiler should match the larger winter space heating demand. In contrast, the hot water tank volume should be sized according to the warm season space heating requirement, when space heating is not required but electricity and hot water are still in demand. This maximizes the running time of the fuel cell, and thus the economic and environmental benefit of the system, without wasting produced heat.     

冷热组合型超市系统的设计与经济性分析

设计了冷热组合型超市系统,利用CO2跨临界循环对空间夏季供冷和冬季供热,采用R290/CO2复叠式制冷循环对食品冷冻冷藏,同时回收CO2跨临界循环高温气体散发的热量和R290/CO2复叠式制冷循环R290高温循环气体的冷凝热,实现夏季空间供冷、食品制冷的同时供应生活热水,冬季空间供暖、食品制冷的同时供应生活热水,及春秋季节食品制冷同时供应生活热水。并与供冷、供暖、食品制冷和供应生活热水分别进行的常规R404A超市系统的能效相比较,得出冷热组合型超市系统的能耗大大降低,能效明显增加,不仅节约能源,而且保护环境,是很有发展前景的绿色环保系统。     

宾馆夏季空调冷凝热回收系统的节能效果及经济可行性分析

本文提出了宾馆夏季空调冷凝热回收系统（宾馆热泵供热系统）及供热水锅炉的一次能源节约率及运行维护管理费用的计算方法。针对哈尔滨地区宾馆热泵供热系统进行了计算机模拟,从能耗、运行维护管理费用、投资回收周期等方面进行了比较,初步得到了热泵供热系统在哈尔滨地区宾馆的预测与分析。     

冬季采暖用燃煤锅炉的运行经济性分析

根据我国国情,北方地区的冬季采暖仍然以燃煤为主.针对前段时期兴起的以煤粉炉替代层燃炉作为冬季供暖锅炉有利于节能和环保的说法,以58 MW燃煤热水锅炉为例,从设备基建投资、能源综合利用率、运行经济性等方面对煤粉炉和层燃炉进行了分析比较,结果表明,无论从燃料的选择范围、运行经济性、维修保养还是从供热负荷适应性和运行安全性角度来说,就应用于冬季采暖的锅炉而言,层燃炉仍优于煤粉炉.     

矸石砖厂排烟废热回收系统研究

叙述了利用高效热风换热器,将矸石砖厂排烟、排潮回风中蕴含的热能交换到循环水中,实现为热泵系统提供稳定的低温热源,替代传统的燃煤锅炉,为冬季采暖、井筒防冻及洗浴提供热水的节能改造情况,提出,热泵系统联合排烟热能回收系统的研究思路、设计方案.     

薄膜装置增上溴化锂制冷机组分析

为充分利用炼油装置低品位热源,2008年5月,洛阳石化新建两套低温热水系统,Ⅰ套供生产装置工艺使用,替代低压蒸汽;Ⅱ套供生活区和办公区,用做生活热水和冬季采暖。其中,Ⅱ套低温热水系统夏季尚有350t/h的热水富余,需要用循环水冷却至70℃以下再循环利用,存在能量利用不合理状况。薄膜装置现有2台螺杆式冷水机组,每台额定制冷量为1680kW,正常运行时制冷量约为额定制冷量的3/4,额定输入功率为350kW,所产冷冻水主要用于冷却电机齿轮箱、牵引辊等设备和降低厂房环境温度。经分析,可以在薄膜装置增上一台额定制冷量为1798kW的低温热水型溴化锂制冷机组,代替原环境空调用冷冻水机组,回收夏季富余的350t/h低温热水热量,生产出符合薄膜装置工艺要求的冷冻水。同时,就增上一台低温热水型溴化锂制冷机组后薄膜装置冷冻水系统运行方式进行可行性分析,并估算投资金额及经济效益。     

对工业锅炉节能措施的探讨

探讨工业锅炉的节能措施,从蒸汽的有效利用,管道保温,热水供暖,区域锅炉房集中供热,热电联产等几方面来探讨工业锅炉的节能。     

Alternative power sources for residential air-conditioning systems

An integrated system which utilise three sources of energy for the purpose of airconditioning (i.e. heating and cooling) a residential building is considered. The system includes a control unit which determines (according to a built-in programmed logic) which energy source is to be used. The system's three power provisions are: (a) line electricity, (b) electric power generated by an appropriate wind turbine and (c) a hot water system heated by solar collectors. System requirements and operation were simulated by a computer program which calculated the air-conditioning load and the energy provisions throughout a twenty-four hour period. In winter operation, about 68 per cent of the required heating was supplied by solar heating and 32 per cent by wind-generated power and in summer operation, in a typical day, all the required cooling energy was provided by wind-generated power.     

Theoretical study on the performance of an integrated ground-source heat pump system in a whole year

Being environmental friendly and with the potential of energy-efficiency, ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems are widely used. However, in southern China, there exists large difference between cooling load in summer and heating load in winter. Thus the increase of soil temperature gradually year-by-year will decrease the COP of the GSHP system. In this paper, the configuration of a vertical dual-function geothermal heat exchanger (GHE) used in an integrated soil cold storage and ground-source heat pump (ISCS&GSHP) system, which charged cold energy to the soil at night and produced chilled water at daytime in summer, and supplied hot water for heating in winter, is presented. This is then followed by reporting the development of the mathematical model for the GHE considering the impact of the coupled heat conduction and groundwater advection on the heat transfer between the GHE and its surrounding soil. The GHE model developed was then integrated with a water-source heat pump and a building energy simulation program together for a whole ISCS&GSHP system. Then the operation performance of the ISCS&GSHP system used for a demonstration building is studied. These simulation results indicated the system transferred 71.505% of the original power consumption at daytime to that at nighttime for the demonstration building. And the net energy exchange in the soil after one-year operation was only 2.28% of the total cold energy charged. Thus we can see the feasibility of the ISCS&GSHP system technically.