Al-35Si高硅铝合金热变形行为的研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对电子封装用Al-35Si高硅铝合金进行了恒温和恒应变速率下的热压缩变形实验,温度范围为370～550℃,应变速率为0.05～0.45s-1,得到了其真应力-真应变曲线.结果表明:在实验范围内,此合金的流变应力随变形温度的升高、应变速率的降低而降低,在不同变形条件下真应力软化机制分别受动态回复和动态再结晶控制,并且应变速率敏感性指数m随温度的升高呈上升趋势.     

轧制态7A60铝合金的热压缩显微组织及流变行为

对轧制态7A60铝合金在应变速率为0.1~0.01s-1、变形温度为250~350℃条件下热压缩的显微组织特征和流变应力进行实验研究。结果表明:随着应变速率的降低和温度的升高,材料的各向异性减弱,均匀性增强,晶粒发生明显粗化;在热变形的过程中该合金的主要软化机制为动态回复和动态再结晶,峰值应力随应变速率的增加而增大,随温度的升高而降低,在应变速率为0.01s-1时发生了明显的非连续动态再结晶行为。合金热变形的流变应力行为可用双曲正弦函数来表示,其热激活能为438.981kJ/mol。     

GH4706合金的热变形行为与显微组织演化

在Gleeble 3800热模拟试验机上进行GH4706合金的热压缩实验,研究了变形温度为900～1150℃、应变速率为0.001～1s-1范围内合金的热变形行为.结果表明:GH4706合金的真应力真应变曲线呈现出流变软化特征,随变形温度增加或应变速率减小,峰值应力逐渐降低,峰值应变逐渐减小.合金的本构关系可由双曲正弦函数描述,变形激活能为435.36kJ/mol,应力指数为4.13.合金的显微组织演化机制与Z参数密切相关,高Z值条件下主要发生动态回复,低Z值条件下主要发生动态再结晶与再结晶晶粒粗化.GH4706合金发生完全动态再结晶且不发生晶粒粗化的临界lnZ值为35.     

含Sc超高强Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr合金的热变形行为和微观组织

采用热模拟实验对含Sc超高强Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr合金在应变速率为0.001～10s-1、变形温度为380～470℃的条件下进行了热压缩实验.研究了实验合金的流变应力行为和微观组织演变.结果表明:流变应力随变形温度升高而下降;随应变速率增加峰值应力也相应增加.随变形温度升高和应变速率降低,合金动态再结晶的程度加深,亚晶尺寸变大.含Sc超高强Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Zr合金,形成了Al3Sc弥散相,该相可强烈抑制再结晶.合金主要软化机制为动态回复伴随动态再结晶.     

Ti-26钛合金热变形特征研究

在Gleeble1500热模拟试验机上对Ti-26(Ti-15V-3Al-3Cr-3Sn-1Nb-1Zr)钛合金进行了恒应变速率压缩变形试验,温度范围为700～1 020 ℃,应变速率范围为ε=10-3～10 s-1,测试了其真应力-应变曲线,观察了变形后的组织.β区热压缩、变形的主要软化机制是动态回复;ε≤10-2 s-1时,变形的过程中有动态再结晶现象发生,主要软化是动态回复起作用;ε≥10-1 s-1时,变形时再结晶数量增多,但随温度的升高动态回复作用渐强.在热变形参数中,变形温度、变形速率对变形后的组织都有较大的影响,为获得细小均匀的组织,除了降低变形温度,增大变形量外,适当的提高变形速率也是一种可行的途径.     

Ti-5Mo-5V-1Cr-3Al合金的热压缩变形行为研究EI北大核心CSCD

采用恒应变速率热压缩模拟实验,对Ti-5Mo-5V-1Cr-3A1（简称1Cr）钛合金在应变速率0.001～1s-1、变形温度700～900℃条件下进行研究.结果表明：该材料的流变应力对温度与应变速率敏感：当变形温度为700～800℃时,真应力-真应变曲线呈现动态再结晶单曲线特征;当变形温度为800～900℃时,低应变速率（0.001s-1）的真应力-真应变曲线呈现动态再结晶多应力峰值曲线特征,高应变速率（0.01～1s-1）的真应力-真应变曲线呈现动态回复曲线特征.1Cr合金在等温压缩变形时的流变行为可用包含Zener-Holomon参数的Arrhenius本构方程描述,变形激活能为456kJ/mol.金相结果显示,材料在热压缩过程中的动态行为除了与变形速率、变形温度等加工参数相关外,也与相应温度、变形速率下材料的组织及相结构有关.合金在低应变速率0.001s 1下热压缩变形时,在接近相变点或以上（800～900℃）温度范围内仍呈现动态再结晶行为,这与材料在此阶段发生的应变诱发马氏体转变密切相关,马氏体相的析出促使材料在热变形时趋向于发生动态再结晶行为.     

7050铝合金热压缩变形的流变应力本构方程

对7050铝合金在应变速率为0.01～10s-1、变形温度为250～450℃条件下的流变应力行为进行了实验研究.结果表明:7050铝合金热压缩变形中发生了明显的动态回复与动态再结晶,流变应力随应变速率的增加而增加,随温度的增加而降低;通过线性回归分析计算出7050材料的应变硬化指数n以及变形激活能Q,获得了7050铝合金高温条件下的流变应力本构方程.     

Nb47Ti合金热变形行为及微观组织

目的 研究Nb47Ti合金在变形温度为600～750℃、应变速率为0.001～1s?1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织。方法 采用Gleeble-3500型热/力模拟试验机进行等温恒应变速率压缩实验,获得Nb47Ti合金热变形的真应力应变曲线,并利用EBSD技术手段分析热变形后的微观组织。结果 Nb47Ti合金在变形温度小于650℃、应变速率小于0.1s?1下热变形的真应力-应变曲线为动态再结晶型曲线,变形温度大于等于700℃时呈现为动态回复型曲线;峰值应力随变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小而减小;在变形温度为650℃、应变速率为0.001 s?1下热变形组织以再结晶晶粒和亚晶粒为主,随着应变速率的增大,动态再结晶晶粒不断减少,而亚晶粒和变形晶粒增多,晶粒得到显著细化。当应变速率为0.1 s?1时,随着变形温度的增加,晶粒尺寸增大,变形温度升高至750℃,热变形组织中亚晶粒所占比例高达50.5%。结论 Nb47Ti合金是温度和正应变速率敏感材料,随变形温度的升高和应变速率的增大,变形过程中动态回复软化机制更为显著,低温、高应变速率下变形获得的再结晶晶粒尺寸小。     

Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce合金高温热变形行为研究

Cu-Cr-Zr系合金是一类高强度高导电集成电路用引线框架铜合金。在Gleeble-1500D热模拟实验机上,采用等温压缩实验研究了Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce合金在变形温度为600～800℃、应变速率为0.01～5s-1条件下的流变应力的相互变化规律,测定了其真应力-应变曲线,并利用光学显微镜分析了合金在热压缩过程中的组织演变规律。结果表明,Cu-Cr-Zr-Ce合金的真应力-真应变曲线呈现典型的动态回复特征,其流变应力和峰值应力随变形温度的降低和应变速率的提高而增大;且变形温度越高,应变速率越小,合金越容易发生动态回复和再结晶。在上述实验基础上,基于流变应力、应变速率和温度的相关性,计算出了该合金热压缩变形时的热变形激活能Q,并建立了其等温压缩塑性变形过程的流变应力与变形温度和应变速率之间关系的本构方程。     

新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金热变形组织演化

采用Gleeble-1500D热力模拟试验机研究新型Al-Zn-Mg-Cu高强铝合金在变形温度为300~450℃,应变速率为0.001~10s~(-1)条件下的热变形组织演化。利用光学显微镜(OM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察合金不同热变形条件下的组织形貌特征。结果表明:随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的减小,位错密度减小,亚晶粒尺寸增大;合金热压缩变形过程中主要的软化机制为动态回复和动态再结晶。变形温度为300~400℃时,主要发生动态回复;变形温度为450℃,应变速率为0.001~10s~(-1)时,软化机制以动态再结晶为主,存在晶界弓出、亚晶长大、亚晶合并3种再结晶形核机制。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.