镀铜与无镀铜焊丝焊接Q345E钢的接头性能对比

文中通过拉伸、弯曲、冲击、硬度试验及金相组织分析,采用镀铜和无镀铜焊丝焊接Q345E低合金钢,并对其接头进行性能对比性研究。结果表明,采用镀铜和无镀铜焊丝焊接的Q345E钢接头均具有良好拉伸、弯曲和低温冲击性能,硬度分布相近且均高于母材的硬度。无镀铜焊丝焊接的Q345E钢接头的低温冲击性能优于镀铜焊丝焊接的Q345E钢接头的低温冲击性能。     

奥-贝钢心轨与贝氏体钢轨闪光焊接头组织性能研究

采用闪光时焊焊接工艺制备了贝氏体钢与奥-贝钢心轨焊接接头.分析了组织的金相、硬度以及拉伸、冲击和疲劳性能.研究结果表明:焊接接头中主要以贝氏体为主,夹杂着少量的铁素体组织,接头的奥贝钢侧热影响区存在马氏体.焊接接头具有良好的硬度、拉伸和冲击性能,其疲劳性能达到500万次,高于TB/T1632.2-2005要求.     

42CrMoE制连杆螺栓断裂失效分析

对断裂后的42CrMoE钢制连杆螺栓进行了失效分析,研究了螺栓的冲击功、硬度等力学性能,对其元素组成及含量进行了测定,采用金相显微镜分析其非金属夹杂物含量、显微组织,观察宏观断面形貌,及采用扫描电镜观测断口微观形貌。结果表明,螺栓的硬度及冲击功无明显异常现象,非金属夹杂物含量符合相应国家标准。表层和中层金相组织为回火索氏体、铁素体和下贝氏体,心部金相组织为回火托氏体、回火索氏体、铁素体及下贝氏体,晶粒度均为9~8级;螺栓失效属疲劳断裂,整体显微组织分布不均匀也是导致其断裂的重要原因;     

2A12铝合金焊接接头超声冲击强化机理分析

使用ZJ-Ⅱ型超声波冲击设备对2A12铝合金焊接接头进行了超声冲击处理。用金相显微镜观察分析了超声冲击强化处理前后焊缝断面的显微组织,用显微硬度计测试了焊缝断面的显微硬度,用X射线应力仪测定了残余应力沿焊接接头表面横向的分布.通过以上分析,研究了铝合金焊接接头超声冲击强化的微观机理。结果表明,超声冲击处理可以在焊缝表面形成300μm左右的塑性变形层,焊缝中气孔、缩松等缺陷明显减少,焊接接头表面和断面显微硬度明显提高。消除了焊接接头表面残余拉应力,形成了残余压应力。     

Cr9Mo炉管高温服役后性能测试及弯曲原因分析

通过宏观观察、硬度测试、金相分析、常温和高温拉伸试验、冲击试验和扫描电镜等方法,对高温服役后的Cr9Mo炉管进行性能测试,并分析弯曲原因.结果表明:炉管金相组织明显球化;常温下的伸长率,硬度和冲击性能有所下降,高温下的屈服强度和抗拉强度均比规范值低;热应力导致炉管弯曲.     

HR500钢的焊接模拟研究

采用Gleeble3500热模拟机对HR500钢进行焊接模拟实验,设定了不同峰值温度及冷却速度,分析了焊接模拟不同工艺参数对HR500 HAZ区金相组织、显微硬度、冲击性能和冲击断口形貌的影响。结果表明,HR500钢焊接模拟样品的综合力学性能良好。虽然峰值温度增加、冷却速度增大对金相组织有一些影响,但常温冲击性能和低温冲击性能比较稳定,冲击断口基本均为韧性断口。试验结果可为HR500钢焊接工艺的合理制定提供依据。     

铁素体/奥氏体双相MIG焊接头组织与动态性能研究

文中对铁素体/奥氏体双相MIG焊接头组织与冲击性能等进行研究。通过分析接头区金相组织、硬度分布和冲击吸收功以及断口形貌,探究焊接接头微观组织演变机理与冲击性能之间的关系。结果表明,铁素体/奥氏体双相焊缝组织为均匀奥氏体和少量铁素体,热影响区组织分别为粗晶区的δ铁素体+马氏体、细晶区与混合晶粒区为马氏体+铁素体;硬度分布由粗晶区、细晶区、焊缝、母材硬度值依次降低,其中熔合线处硬度最大;冲击断口表现为韧性断口,冲击吸收功随温度下降呈降低趋势。研究证明,热输入是影响接头组织与冲击性能的重要因素。铁素体/奥氏体双相组织接头较单一铁素体组织接头动态性能有所提升。     

贝氏体钢轨跟端的锻后热处理

通过性能检测和组织观察对60AT1贝氏体钢轨跟端锻后热处理工艺进行了研究。结果表明:采用全断面加热喷风冷却工艺正火处理后,钢轨质量稳定,生产效率高;表面硬度、全断面硬度、脱碳层深度、拉伸性能、冲击吸收能量及显微组织均优于原材料,满足相关行业及企业标准。     

抽油杆摩擦焊接头组织和性能

对抽油杆摩擦焊接头的形成过程、金属流线的走向、金相组织、硬度分布等方面进行了分析.材料合金元素和焊后热处理方式直接影响到焊接接头的组织和性能,利用显微硬度测试的方法,对抽油杆摩擦焊接头各部位进行硬度检测、冲击试验,揭示了摩擦焊接头不同部位组织、性能的分布规律.     

电脉冲孕育处理对铝硅活塞合金组织和性能的影响

通过金相显微分析、能谱分析、相结构分析、显微硬度分析等实验,研究了不同电脉冲孕育处理参数对Al-Si活塞合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,电脉冲孕育处理可以细化合金凝固组织,提高α(Al)基体中Cu、Ti、Si等元素的固溶度,增加基体显微硬度;不同脉冲参数处理后,合金基体显微硬度提高10.0%~14.2%。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.