硝胺推进剂用聚合物键合剂的分子设计

针对硝胺推进剂能量提高与力学性能降低的矛盾,阐述了硝胺推进剂产生"脱湿"现象的原因和键合剂的选择原则,设计了聚醚环酰胺类和中性聚合物2类聚合物键合剂,为用于硝胺推进剂键合剂的研究提供一条新途径。     

聚醚环酰胺键合剂的设计及合成路线

针对硝胺推进剂能量提高与力学性能降低的矛盾,阐述了硝胺推进剂产生“脱湿”现象的原因,并根据键合剂的设计原则及相关技术,提出了聚醚环酰胺类键合剂的分子设计和合成路线,为硝胺推进剂键合剂的研究提供一条新途径。     

新型键合剂在硝胺发射药中的应用

通过火药撞击强度试验和DSC分析，研究了三种新型聚醚环酰胺类键合剂对硝胺发射药力学性能的影响，并探讨了其作用机理。结果表明：该键合剂不但能改善硝胺发射药的力学性能，而且与发射药的相容性较好。     

树形分子键合剂与HMX的相互作用

通过使用显微红外光谱(MIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术,研究了树形分子键合剂(DBA)对HMX晶体的粘附性能及其界面相互作用机理。实验表明,树形分子键合剂可以与HMX分子的-NO2基团形成诱导效应,-CN含量高的DBA分子对HMX具有较好的粘附性能,从而为开发HMX晶体的有效键合剂提供理论指导。     

硝胺类推进剂用键合剂的研究进展

综述了各类适用于硝胺类推进剂的键合剂的研究情况,认为中性聚合物键合剂（NPBA）提高硝胺类推进剂的力学性能效果较好,需根据具体配方情况合成具有适当溶度积参数的NPBA,并根据NPBA的临界温度确定合适的推进剂制备温度条件。酰胺类和硼化物类键合剂具有成为优良键合剂的潜力,应加强对其合成与应用的研究。通过文献分析,认为键合剂的作用效果是官能团因素和分子结构因素共同作用的结果。对今后用于硝胺类推进剂的键合剂的发展提出了一些建议。     

少烟NEPE推进剂的表面和界面性能

根据表面和界面化学原理,应用动态接触角测量仪和表面-界而张力仪测试了少烟NEPE推进剂的黏合剂体系(PNT)、填料(HMX、AP和Al粉)和键合剂的表面和界面性能.结果表明,填料(HMX、AP和Al粉)与黏合剂体系(PNT)的界面张力(γsl)大小顺序为:γAl/PNT＜γAP/PNT＜γHMX/PNT,填料与黏合剂体系的黏附功(Wa)大小顺序为:Wa(Al/PNT)＞Wa(HMX/PNT)＞Wa(AP/PNT);键合剂能够自发吸附和分散在推进剂的填料(HMX、AP和Al粉)表面和黏合剂体系中;在推进剂制备过程中,键合剂吸附于填料表面形成的界面能够稳定保持在黏合剂体系中;键合剂能明显提高推进剂的强度和模量,改善填料颗粒与黏合剂体系的界面粘结性能,这与表面性能测试结果一致.     

新型硼酸酯键合剂与HMX的键合作用

合成了一种带氨基的硼酸酯键合剂,用傅里叶变换红外光谱对硼酸酯进行了结构表征。采用红外光谱(IR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术,分析了含硼键合剂与HMX晶体间的界面相互作用。结果表明,硼酸酯键合剂中的B原子和NH2基团与HMX的NO2基团间分别产生了配位键合及诱导作用,NO2不对称伸缩振动峰出现3cm-1的位移,B1s向低结合能端移动0.8eV,NH2基的N1s也产生0.8eV的移动,证实了该含硼键合剂作为HMX键合剂的可行性。     

多种键合剂与CL-20界面的相互作用机理

选用4种键合剂对CL-20晶体进行包覆,通过X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和显微红外光谱（MIR）研究了包覆性能及其界面相互作用机理.结果表明,键合剂可以在CL-20表面形成一层粘附层以及键合剂与CL-20的NO2基团存在诱导效应,从而证明了键合剂对CL-20有良好的包覆性能.     

醇胺类键合剂在丁羟推进剂中的应用进展

介绍醇胺类键合剂的发展现状,分析键合剂在复合推进剂中的键合机理及其在丁羟推进剂中的应用,总结了醇胺类键合剂在应用中所存在的问题及发展趋势。认为醇胺类键合剂可明显改善丁羟推进剂的性能。     

聚醚胺汽油清净剂的合成及应用研究

研究了聚醚胺类汽油清净剂的合成、精制及其防锈与清净性能。实验结果表明：在不增加燃烧室积炭（CCD）生成量的前提下,聚醚胺类汽油清净剂对发动机进气阀具有优异的清净性能;将聚醚多元醇、聚醚胺、酰胺醇胺等物质作为携带剂与曼尼希清净剂进行复配,可有效抑制燃烧室沉积物的生成。     

基于MD方法的HMX黏结剂优选研究

从优选高聚物黏结剂角度考虑,用分子动力学(MD)方法,对含少量液态黏结剂的奥克托今(HMX)炸药进行了MD模拟。选择端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)、硅橡胶和乙烯基酯(VE)4种黏结剂。通过计算HMX与黏结剂之间的结合能,选择结合能最大的一组的黏结剂作为最优黏结剂。结果表明,HTPB可作为最优黏结剂。     

Effect of Bonding Agent on the Mechanical Properties of GAP High‐Energy Propellant

Three kinds of bonding agent were chosen to improve the mechanical properties of GAP high‐energy composite propellant based on GAP, BuNENA, HMX, AP, and Al. These bonding agents are N,N ′‐bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) dimethylhydantoin and 1,3,5‐trisubstituted isocyanurates (BA1), cyano‐hydroxylated amines (BA2), and hyperbranched polyether with terminal groups substituted by hydroxyl, cyano and ester functional groups (BA3). To study the interaction between bonding agents and oxidizers, the effect of coating by bonding agents on the characteristic absorption peaks of AP and HMX were first studied by infrared spectroscopy. Then the effect of bonding agents on the adhesion work between oxidizers and binder system were determined. The results showed that BA2 has the strongest interaction with AP, whereas BA1 and BA3 have relatively strong interaction with HMX. The AP grain coated by BA2 has the strongest adhesion work to the binder system, and there is not much difference in the values of adhesion work towards binder system of three coated HMX grains. At last the three bonding agents were added to GAP propellant, which has a theoretical specific impulse of 276.03 s. When the three kinds of bonding agent was used alone, the sense of “dewetting” in propellant was relieved but still existed. The combination of BA2 to BA1 or BA3 improved the adhesions between oxidizers and binder system effectively, and the mechanical properties of GAP propellant reached to δ _m=0.69 MPa, ϵ _b=32.7 %.     

La_(0.8)Sr_(0.2)MnO_3的燃烧法制备及对HMX热分解的影响(英文)

Perovskite-type La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 was prepared by stearic acid gel combustion method. The obtained powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scaning electron micrograph (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. The catalytic activity of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 was investigated on thermal decomposition of octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX) by thermal gravity-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) techniques. The experimental results show that La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 is an effective catalyst for HMX thermal decomposition. The surface-adsorbed species such as H2O, OH&;#61485; and adsorbed oxygen (Oad) could result in an advance in the onset temperature of HMX thermal decompo-sition. The mixture system of Mn3+ and Mn4+ ions and lattice oxygen could play key roles for the increase of the decomposition heat of HMX because these exothermic reactions could be catalyzed by La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 between CO and NOx (from the thermal decom-position of HMX) and the oxidation reaction of CO. According to the previous researches and our results, perovskite-type La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 may be used as a novel catalyst or modifier for nitrate ester plasticized polyether (NEPE) propellant.     

聚醚改性有机硅流平剂的合成及表面性能研究

以含氢硅油和烯丙基聚醚为原料,在氯铂酸螯合物的催化作用下,通过无溶剂硅氢加成反应合成了聚醚改性硅油。通过正交实验测定反应的转化率,探讨了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量以及反应物比例对反应的影响,并得出较适宜的反应条件为:反应时间为8h,反应温度为130℃,催化剂用量为20μg/g,反应物配比[n(Si-H)∶n(C=C)]为1∶1.2。在该条件下,含氢硅油中Si-H的转化率达94.45%。由此制备的流平剂能有效降低表面张力,且具有优良的流平性能。讨论了含氢硅油与烯丙基聚醚的结构差异对产品的表面性能的影响。     

配方组成对聚氨酯注浆材料抗压强度影响的研究

为探究原材料对聚氨酯注浆料（PGMs）抗压强度的影响,以聚酯多元醇（聚醚多元醇）和异氰酸酯（PM200）为主要原料,表面活性剂、催化剂、交联剂和发泡剂为助剂,制备了不含溶剂的环保型PGMs,并利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等对PGMs的官能团、泡孔结构、抗压强度等进行了表征和测试。结果表明,加入10%（质量分数,下同）掺量的聚酯多元醇可以增加体系中苯环的含量,使PGMs的抗压强度提升到1.09 MPa。原材料以多元醇质量为基础单位进行计算,确定PGMs的最佳配比为聚醚多元醇90份、聚酯多元醇10份、三乙烯二胺（Dabco33lv）0.6份、二月桂酸二丁基锡（SDJ 9902）0.6份、表面活性剂2.0份、三乙醇胺（TEOA）4.0份、水2.5份、发泡剂一氟二氯乙烷（HCFC-141b）9份。