基于DFAD-FBS的自适应前臂骨折外固定护具设计

目的 针对前臂骨折外固定护具实时贴合性差的问题,进行自适应前臂骨折外固定护具产品设计研究。方法 将自适应设计方法（DFAD）与功能-行为-结构模型（FBS）相结合,构建自适应前臂骨折外固定护具设计方法,并基于形状记忆聚合物的仿生设计研究,进行自适应前臂骨折外固定护具产品设计。结果 基于DFAD-FBS设计方法对前臂骨折外固定护具进行分析,将仿生蜂窝结构的形状记忆聚合物应用于自适应前臂骨折外固定护具产品设计,并通过有限元分析和贴合度试验验证了产品设计的可行性。结论 DFAD-FBS设计方法为解决前臂骨折外固定护具的实时贴合问题提供了新的方向,并验证了形状记忆聚合物用于解决前臂骨折外固定护具贴合性的可行性,对产品的适应性设计问题提供了有意义的参考。     

充气式跳伞专用护具设计与分析

目的对充气式跳伞专用护具进行深入研究和探索,弥补伞兵靴对踝关节防护的不足,改变对臀部(尾椎、腰椎)无防护措施的情况,从而降低伞兵的踝关节和臀部(尾椎、腰椎)损伤概率。方法研制了一种可穿戴的跳伞专用护具,根据实际应用需求,提出了合理的设计方案,包括结构、外形、材料以及成型工艺的设计,通过理论分析和穿戴试验,验证了设计方案的可行性和合理性。结果充气式跳伞专用护具的结构、材料、工艺、性能均能满足液体类无伞空投的要求,伞兵穿戴后取得了优良的防护效果。结论充气式跳伞专用护具是一种实用、方便、经济的新型跳伞防护装备,具有推广应用价值。     

纳米微球增强聚氨酯泡沫的制备及抗冲击应用

目的获得基于纳米颗粒增强的冲击吸能材料。方法基于剪切增稠液体技术,将纳米微球分散于多元醇基体中,制备中低密度的软质聚氨酯泡沫材料,利用SEM、SHPB、落锤冲击和爆炸冲击波试验分析材料的结构、冲击吸能特性和冲击波衰减特性。结果纳米微球增强聚氨酯泡沫材料具有优异的冲击吸能特性和冲击波衰减能力。结论纳米微球增强聚氨酯泡沫材料可以应用于护具装备、缓冲包装和冲击波防护领域。     

GB/T 42941.1-2023《运动护具 搏击运动护具 第1部分：通用要求与试验方法》

<正>随着体育产业的发展,运动护具的消费呈现出良好的发展态势。我国是搏击运动护具的生产大国,年生产份额占据国际护具市场份额的60%以上,然而国内尚无对应的搏击运动护具国家标准,出口用搏击护具基本依据国际标准化组织（ISO）的ISO 21924系列标准生产。搏击运动包含跆拳道、空手道、散打、拳击等多项运动项目,所使用的护具种类较多,对应保护人体各个部位的技术指标要求也各不相同。为了加强搏击护具的质量监督与检测工作,提高搏击护具的质量,保障消费者人身安全,有必要制定符合行业发展和市场需求的相关标准。     

强冲击试验方法研究

强冲击试验是为了考核验证设备、产品或零部件抗强冲击的能力,这类试验要求的过载量值小到几十到几百个g,大到几千甚至几万个g．近年来,强冲击试验的需求日益增多．本文提出了基于火炮的强冲击试验方法,该方法可以实现1000g-20000g的强冲击试验．利用该试验方法,在大量分析研究的基础上设计了试验方案,对某航空产品进行了强冲击环境模拟试验,试验测试数据与理论设计完全吻合,验证了该试验方法的正确性和科学性．     

3D打印腰部健康护具设计研究

目的 通过对3D打印材料与技术的概述、腰部健康护具市场需求的分析,探索3D打印技术与传统医疗护具设计结合的可能性,思考个性与适应性、艺术与功能性、单价与制造速度的平衡与协调。方法 以腰部健康护具为研究切入点,借助SLS、SLA打印技术,重点关注可成型工艺(同一材料的3D打印设计改良),对增加造型可塑性以及更为概念性的设计方略层面进行研究。结果 基于使用、技术、个性三方面的需求,设计了具备磁疗功效和定制特点的3D打印腰部健康护具。经实验测试,佩戴性良好,各项指标达到了设计预期。结论 未来的3D打印发展方向,材料研究仍将是重点,除了材料的多元化、智慧化,技术的互动、增效也会进一步刷新人类社会的制造观念;有效利用3D打印技术的便捷性特点和可定制特点,势必成为未来“可定制化”无障碍产品设计重要的研发和探索方向。     

包装冲击试验机研究与设计

针对缓冲材料测试和脆值测试要求,对包装冲击试验机机械结构进行设计,改进跌落滑台和增压缸,增加了测速功能;通过采集卡和电气控制设计,提高试验自动化程度,实现自动跌落及制动;研制的专用虚拟仪器,自动完成试验结果分析计算、曲线拟合和冲击谱分析,免去了以往复杂的数据处理过程。     

水下非接触爆炸抗冲击缓冲平台性能研究

为有效测量水下非接触爆炸试验中舰船及设备的抗冲击性能,保护测量设备在冲击环境下能够安全使用,根据设备冲击输入设计和研制了抗冲击缓冲平台,以减小舰船设备在水下非接触爆炸冲击作用下受到的冲击.按照要求的缓冲平台设计载荷和缓冲效率,进行缓冲器刚度的选择和结构设计,利用仿真运算设计工况.经海上实爆冲击试验验证,该缓冲平台能有效...     

连续冲击与振动试验：—用振动台进行连续冲击试验的试验方法探讨

运输包装件连续冲击试验的目的是模拟包装件在 颠簸的路面上运输时的状况。但目前的连续冲击试验机 在试验样品质量较大的情况下无法满足试验的要求。为 此，我们设计了用振动台进行连续冲击试验的方法，并通 过试验对这种方法加以验证。     

煤矿机械用Q690高强钢激光-MAG复合焊可行性分析

目的研究激光-MAG复合焊在采煤机Q690高强钢板上的加工工艺,以提高8.8 m高端采煤机电控箱结构焊接接头的加工效率和质量性能。方法对激光-MAG复合焊工艺试验进行试验设计与参数设计,观察接头的显微组织,对接头进行拉伸试验和冲击试验,观察断口形貌。结果焊缝区整体组织性能优于母材,保证采煤机电控箱隔爆性能要求,拉伸断口和冲击断口均表现为韧性断口形貌,但是在冲击断口上观察到明显的气孔。焊缝内存在微量气孔,导致焊接接头结合不紧密,拉伸试验出现了脆性断裂。结论避免焊接工艺设计中出现气孔是激光-MAG复合焊焊接接头满足Q690钢在煤矿机械中使用要求的关键技术。     

人脸图像中人眼的检测与定位

利用人脸几何特征和图像分割原理，提出了一种在有背景的灰度和彩色人脸图像中自动检测与定位人眼的新算法。首先，基于人脸器官几何分布先验知识建立人眼位置判定准则；其次对人眼的分割阈值范围进行粗估计；然后采用分割阈值递增法，并结合人眼位置判定准则判定分割图像中双眼黑块是否出现；最后利用二雏相关系数作为对称相似性测度，检验检测到的双眼的真实性。为了避免图像背景对人眼检测的干扰，还运用了肤色分割原理来缩小检测人眼的搜索区域，从而进一步提高人眼定位的准确性。实验验证表明，所提出的人眼检测与定位方法在速度和准确性方面具有良好的性能。     

Real time neutron radiography using a Lixi neutron imaging device

A real time neutron radiography system has been developed at the University of Michigan Phoenix Memorial Laboratory (PML) and has recently been used to test the imaging capabilities of a neutron imaging device developed by Lixi, Inc. of Downers Grove, Ill. This device uses an input phosphor that is high in gadolinium to generate a light image which is then sent through an intensifier stage to provide images that can be viewed by eye, video camera, or standard 35 mm camera. It was determined that this device provides images of much higher resolution and sensitivity than those obtained with the imaging system currently being used at PML. Using computerized image enhancement techniques, the images obtained with the Lixi neutron imaging device can then be futher enhanced or processed to obtain quantitative information on the object being imaged.     

仿生柔性防护装具的设计及防弹性能测试

依据仿生学原理,借鉴硬骨鱼鳞的微观结构及叠加模式,设计并制备了6套仿生柔性防护装具。使用了两种复合鳞片,分别为SiC陶瓷-超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)复合防护鳞片和Al₂O₃陶瓷-UHMWPE复合防护鳞片。对柔性防护装具进行侵彻测试,分析了复合鳞片类型、覆盖角度和子弹侵彻位置对柔性鳞片防护装具防弹性能的影响。结果表明,新型柔性鳞片状防护装具均能成功抵挡速度为(445±10) m/s的手枪弹(铅芯)侵彻,垫层材料的凹陷深度为5~20 mm。SiC-UHMWPE复合鳞片防护装具的防弹性能显著优于Al₂O₃-UHMWPE复合鳞片防护装具。此外,柔性防护装具的防弹性能均随着鳞片覆盖率的增加而提高。本研究成果为新型柔性防护装具的设计提供理论依据和科学指导。      

ENEA extremity dosemeter based on LiF(Mg,Cu,P) to evaluate Hp(3,alpha)

Recent epidemiological studies suggest a rather low-dose threshold (<0.5 Gy) for the induction of a cataract of the eye lens. Some other studies even assume that there is no threshold at all. Therefore, protection measures have to be optimised and current dose limits for the eye lens may be reduced in the future. ICRP Publication 103 on H(p)(d), in §(136), reads that '… a depth d = 3 mm has been proposed for the rare case of monitoring the dose to the lens of the eye. In practice, however, H(p)(3) has rarely been monitored and H(p)(0.07) can be used for the same monitoring purpose… '. As recommended on the EU 'Technical recommendations for monitoring individuals occupationally exposed to external radiation', a test on the ENEA TL extremity dosemeter is herein reported. The results within the actual EU founded Optimization of RAdiation protection for MEDical staff (ORAMED) Project, whose WP2 is aimed at the quantity H(p)(3) and eye lens dosimetry in practice, are taken into account. The paper summarises the main aspects of the study carried out at ENEA-Radiation Protection Institute (Bologna, Italy) to provide practical solutions (in the use and the design) to evaluate the response of the ENEA TL extremity dosemeter in terms of H(p)(3).     

非平面运动球式自动平衡装置稳定性分析

在实际生产工作中,高速运动转子由于受到不平衡力矩作用,会使整个转轴产生空间转动,这种转动使得转子产生非平面运动。采用拉格朗日方程和牛顿定律,建立一种非平面运动球式自动平衡装置数学模型;通过摄动法和劳斯-霍尔维茨判据对其可能使系统稳定的解进行分析,得出该自动平衡装置分别在1个球和2个球的情况下存在能够使系统稳定的解以及系统在不同条件下振动情况。该装置在过临界转速下存在稳定点,在一定条件下能对不平衡力进行平衡,达到减振目的。     

An Adaptive Algorithm for Eye-Gaze-Tracking-Device Calibration

Eye-gaze tracking has been an important and interesting area of research for quite some time now. In laboratory experiments for psychological research, eye-gaze tracking constitutes a helpful tool to probe the perceptual or the cognitive processes of the subjects. In day-to-day applications, eye-gaze tracking can be used as a computer interface for both industrial and nonindustrial applications, which require hands-free installations. It can also be used to help disabled people to use computers for communication and for environmental control. This paper aims to develop a computer system to facilitate the study of visual scanning and eye fixation during image exploration. The system uses an infrared device to detect horizontal and vertical eye movements. This paper mainly focuses its attention on the calibration procedure that can be effectively utilized for correction of the nonlinearities in the oculomotor for the eyes of each individual subject. An adaptive calibration algorithm has been developed by employing a polynomial model. Several experiments have been carried out to demonstrate that the proposed approach is a rapid one and is accurate for the study of visual perception and recognition processes.     

Adaptive optics binocular visual simulator to study stereopsis in the presence of aberrations

A binocular adaptive optics visual simulator has been devised for the study of stereopsis and of binocular vision in general. The apparatus is capable of manipulating the aberrations of each eye separately while subjects perform visual tests. The correcting device is a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator permitting the control of aberrations in the two eyes of the observer simultaneously in open loop. The apparatus can be operated as an electro-optical binocular phoropter with two micro-displays projecting different scenes to each eye. Stereo-acuity tests (three-needle test and random-dot stereograms) have been programmed for exploring the performance of the instrument. As an example, stereo-acuity has been measured in two subjects in the presence of defocus and/or trefoil, showing a complex relationship between the eye's optical quality and stereopsis. This instrument might serve for a better understanding of the relationship of binocular vision and stereopsis performance and the eye's aberrations.     

Three-color mixing for classifying agricultural products for safety and quality

A three-color mixing application for food safety inspection is presented. It is shown that the chromaticness of the visual signal resulting from the three-color mixing achieved through our device is directly related to the three-band ratio of light intensity at three selected wavebands. An optical visual device using three-color mixing to implement the three-band ratio criterion is presented. Inspection through human vision assisted by an optical device that implements the three-band ratio criterion would offer flexibility and significant cost savings as compared to inspection with a multispectral machine vision system that implements the same criterion. Example applications of this optical three-color mixing technique are given for the inspection of chicken carcasses with various diseases and for apples with fecal contamination. With proper selection of the three narrow wavebands, discrimination by chromaticness that has a direct relation with the three-band ratio can work very well. In particular, compared with the previously presented two-color mixing application, the conditions of chicken carcasses were more easily identified using the three-color mixing application. The novel three-color mixing technique for visual inspection can be implemented on visual devices for a variety of applications, ranging from target detection to food safety inspection.     

国内个体防护装备眼面部防护标准体系研究进展

本文对个体防护装备眼面部防护标准体系的研究进展进行分析,为我国眼面部防护标准化工作的发展及相关标准的制定奠定基础.     

Visual fourier-transform spectroscopy with a single crystal plate.

This paper shows how a single Z-cut plate of uniaxial crystal can be used as a two-beam interferometer of Fourier-transform spectrometer. As a visual device, it permits easy identification of a set of achromatic fringes that can be seen in any two-beam interferometer when a white-light source is observed through it. These fringes apparently have not been described previously. They are expected when we understand that the white-light fringe pattern is in fact the Fourier transform of the spectral-sensitivity curve of the eye.