沥青混合料体积参数分布规律

基于沥青混合料马歇尔试验数据,依据统计学原理去除随机误差及系统误差的影响,对沥青混合料的体积参数分布规律进行了系统分析,并在此基础上对沥青混合料体积参数的评价方法进行了探讨。试验数据显示:二参数威布尔分布可以较好地反映沥青饱和度的分布规律,而三参数威布尔分布则能更好地描述空隙率、矿料间隙率的分布状态。基于威布尔分布的沥青混合料体积参数评价方法的研究表明:与平均值相比,采用威布尔分布概率峰值处的体积参数值可以较准确地反映沥青混合料体积参数的分布特征。     

Evaluation of Mixture Performance Recycled Asphalt Pavement Materials as Base Layer with or without Rejuvenator into the Asphalt

The binder properties were determined in accordance with Chinese standard such as ductility test,which allowed to measure the distance in centimeters that a standard briquette of asphalt had been stretched before breaking.Then,penetration test was carried out in order to know some properties of the asphalt,which are the hardness and the softness.Finally,softening point test was carried out in order to determine the temperature at which the bitumen attains a particular degree of softening under the specification of the test.According to Chinese standard for performance tests,firstly,Marshall test was carried out in order to measure the theoretical density,air voids,voids filled with asphalt,stability,flow,and voids in mineral aggregate of asphalt specimens.Secondly,Freeze-thaw splitting test was carried out in order to determine Splitting strength ratio.Finally,dynamic stability (rutting) test was carried out to determine average dynamic stability.Beside the tests carried out,the gradation of the extracted aggregate in accordance with American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials was carried out to determine the dimensions of the particles weight distribution.Furthermore,both the percentage of recycled asphalt pavement materials and binder in mixture were determined to know how much of the new material during the mixture was needed.However,two specimens were used to evaluate the performance of recycled asphalt pavement materials.One specimen of recycled asphalt pavement materials was ten years old,and another one of recycled asphalt pavement materials was five years old.The results show that the conditions of the environment such as moisture,temperature,and age,decrease the ductility and penetration properties of binder when increase the softening point property of binder.Then the gradation of recycled asphalt pavement aggregate is of the required values to reuse in the mixture,while the flow ratio,the splitting strength ratio,and the dynamic stability ratio,are less than the required value test.With regard to the properties of mixture of recycled asphalt pavement material binder with rejuvenator,the results show that when the penetration and ductility versus percentage of rejuvenator increase,softening point versus percentage of rejuvenator decreases.Also,when the bitumen and rejuvenator percentage increase,the air voids decrease.Consequently,voids filled with asphalt and voids in the mineral aggregate increase.Moreover,the theoretical density and stability values decrease in a mixture containing four-point fifty percent to six percent of bitumen and rejuvenator,whereas the flow values increase.More interestingly,with four percent to four-point fifty percent mixture ratio of bitumen and rejuvenator,density,stability,and flow values increase.The splitting strength ratio values of mixtures and the dynamic stability test (rutting test) values of mixtures with forty percent of specimen one and specimen two respectively are greater than the required value of the standard test.In addition,the high percentage of rejuvenator increases the rut of pavement,in the same manner,the low percentage of rejuvenator induces low rut.In conclusion,the binder content from recycled materials without rejuvenator seems not be sufficient to be reused on the new pavement while the aged recycled material seems to be performed better than no aged recycled material with rejuvenator into bitumen.Then,the rejuvenator can influence the bitumen properties and performance of the pavement.Finally,the pavement made by only recycled pavement materials as a base layer appears to be more economical but cannot be more effective than the pavement made by mixture of new and recycled pavement materials as a base layer.     

沥青混合料Superpave与马歇尔设计方法的比较

以通鲁一级公路沥青混合料设计为依托,对沥青混合料Superpave与马歇尔设计方法进行比较和分析。采用Superpave方法成型旋转压实试件,进行混合料设计,确定混合料级配和沥青用量,再按照确定的级配制作马歇尔试件,获取2种方法的体积指标以进行对比。结果表明,旋转压实得到的试件毛体积密度较大,空隙率和矿料间隙率较小,同样的沥青用量下其沥青饱和度较大。旋转压实较接近实际的现场压实功,能反映公路交通荷载的实际情况,因此应该进一步推广应用。     

沥青混合料热再生配合比设计

热再生沥青混合料的成分多且相互制约,故配合比设计比较复杂.结合吉林省路面老化的实际情况,通过试验分析了沥青路面材料的性状,提出了热再生沥青混合料配合比设计方法与过程.根据马歇尔实验法测得的数据,对热再生混合料的稳定度、流值、空隙率（VA）、密度、沥青饱和度（VFA）与沥青含量之间的关系进行分析,并最终确定最佳沥青用量.     

Micromechanical analysis of damage evolution in splitting test of asphalt mixtures

A methodology was presented relating the microstructure of asphalt mixtures to their damage behavior. Digital image techniques were used to capture the asphalt mixture microstructure, and the finite element method was used to simulate the damage evolution of asphalt mixture through splitting test. Aggregates were modeled to be linearly elastic, and the mastics were modeled to be plastically damaged. The splitting test simulation results show that the material heterogeneity, the properties of aggregates and air voids have significant effects on the damage evolution approach. The damage behavior of asphalt mixture considering material heterogeneity is quite different from that of the conventional hypothesis of homogeneous material. The results indicate that the proposed method can be extended to the numerical analysis for the other micromechanical behaviors of asphalt concrete.     

基于X-ray CT的沥青混合料空隙测试精度影响因素分析

为了分析细观尺度下沥青混合料空隙率测试精度的影响因素,采用德国Phoenix v|tome|x S240型工业X-ray CT机,结合正交试验设计与方差分析,研究不同CT参数及级配类型对沥青混合料三维重构体积参数的影响．通过对不同级配类型马歇尔试件扫描并进行三维重构与体积分析,建立影响因素与空隙率测试结果之间的关系,进而确定最优扫描参数．试验结果表明,基于细观尺度对沥青混合料进行三维体积分析是可行的;扫描电压、电流及级配类型对重构结果有不同程度的影响;适当提高电压、电流及选择恰当的滤波片可提高测试结果的准确性;在恰当的设备参数条件下,基于细观尺度与宏观尺度下得到的沥青混合料空隙率具有良好的相关性,有助于提高测试结果的准确性与试验的经济性．     

沥青混合料空隙率测定方法的初探

沥青路面的空隙率与路面的使用性能直接相关，要减少沥青面层可能产生的各种损害现象，必须严格控制沥青面层的空隙率，而实际测定空隙率的方法多达20种。结合沥青在矿料表面的分布状态，分析了压实沥青混合料试件密度与理论最大密度的各种不同含义，研究了不同级配类型沥青混合料的空隙率测定和计算方法，提出了测定空隙率的选用方法和原则。     

Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Air Voids on the Anisotropy of Asphalt Mixtures

The aim of this study is to investigate the asphalt mixture anisotropy of both the modulus and Poisson's ratio due to air voids using a discrete element modeling simulation method. Three three-dimensional cubic digital samples of asphalt mixture with different shapes of single air void were built using discrete element software PFC~(3D). The aggregate gradation, air voids and mastic included in the digital samples were modeled using different contact models, with due consideration of the volumetric fractions of the different phases. Laboratory uniaxial complex modulus test and indirect tensile strength test were conducted to obtain material input parameters for numerical modeling. Simulation of the uniaxial cyclic compressive tests was performed on the three cubic samples loaded in three different directions. Dynamic modulus in three directions and Poisson's ratio in six directions were calculated from the compression stress-strain responses. Results show that both the modulus and Poisson's ratio are dependent on the preferential orientation of air voids. The anisotropy of the modulus and Poisson's ratio increases as the pressure loading on the asphalt mixture increases. Compared to the modulus, Poisson's ratio due to air voids has been shown to be more anisotropic. The maximum of Poisson's ratio and modulus is shown to be up to 80% and 11% higher than the minimum, respectively.     

集料分布对沥青混合料劈裂强度影响数值分析

基于数字图像处理,研究沥青混合料集料分布状态.采用有限元法建立基于沥青混合料二维截面的劈裂试验模型,数值分析集料分布状态对虚拟劈裂试验力学性能的影响,并通过室内劈裂试验进行验证.研究结果表明：基于数字图像处理,通过集料分布状态指标可以评价沥青混合料集料分布状态;集料公称最大粒径增大,沥青混合料集料分布状态变差;集料分布状态与沥青混合料虚拟劈裂试验力学性能变异性存在明显的相关性,集料分布状态越差,通过沥青混合料虚拟劈裂试验计算得到的压头反力均值的变异系数越大.     

改性多孔沥青混合料水稳定性与损伤规律

为了提高季冻区多孔沥青路面的使用质量、减轻路面冻融损伤,采用玻璃纤维、硅藻土与沥青路面旧料以改善多孔沥青混合料性能。分析不同材料掺量的多孔沥青混合料在冻融循环下的抗压强度、空隙率及应变变化,并考虑不同材料与不同材料掺量对多孔沥青混合料水稳定性的影响;基于损伤力学理论以抗压强度为指标表示强度率,研究改性多孔沥青混合料的冻融损伤演化规律;基于CT无损检测与数字图像处理技术,分析玻璃纤维多孔沥青混合料冻融前后空隙数量与空隙面积的变化规律。结果表明：混合料抗压强度随冻融循环次数的增加而降低,而空隙率与应变呈上升趋势;具有玻璃纤维掺量0.7%、沥青路面旧料掺量15%、硅藻土掺量25%和掺量15%沥青路面旧料及20%硅藻土的4种多孔沥青混合料水稳定性能最好,其中玻璃纤维的改性效果最佳;掺入玻璃纤维、15%掺量硅藻土与15%掺量沥青路面旧料能减轻多孔沥青混合料的冻融损伤,但硅藻土再生多孔沥青混合料损伤程度均较大,损伤前期强度较高,更适用于短时冻土区;与硅藻土再生多孔沥青混合料相比,玻璃纤维多孔沥青混合料、再生多孔沥青混合料与硅藻土多孔沥青混合料经历了长时间的快速损伤期、短时间的损伤稳定期与损伤发展期;玻璃纤维掺量较低的试样空隙数量增加,平均单个空隙面积减小,而掺量较高的试样表现相反。     

基于高温性能的沥青混合料组成结构优化

分析了沥青混合料组成结构对其高温性能的影响,采用BP神经网络和遗传算法相结合的方法,以高温性能为目标进行了沥青混合料性能优化设计,获得了不同筛孔通过率、粉胶比及空隙率与高温性能之间的关系,为更好地以性能为中心进行沥青混合料设计提供了参考.     

硫磺改性沥青混合料基本性能的研究

为考察硫磺改性沥青混合料的路用性能,选取AC-13和AC-20两种混合料类型、4种不同的硫磺掺量（硫磺占硫磺改性沥青胶结料的质量百分比分别为0%、30%、35%、40%）作为对比,采用浸水马歇尔试验、冻融劈裂试验、汉堡车辙试验测试了其水稳定性能,采用车辙试验、三点小梁弯曲试验和Overlay Tester试验分别测试了其高温性能、低温性能与疲劳性能,采用动态模量试验获得了其力学参数. 结果表明: 添加质量分数为30%硫磺后,AC-13和AC-20沥青混合料动稳定度分别提高了18%和26%,疲劳开裂性能有所提高, 低温性能没有明显改变. 添加不同质量分数的硫磺,沥青混合料的水稳定性能明显降低,其中AC-13沥青混合料在添加40%硫磺时冻融劈裂强度比下降达22%. 动态模量测试表明硫磺改性沥青混合料与普通沥青混合料动态模量变化趋势相同,但-10 ℃~54 ℃温度区间较普通沥青混合料动态模量要高.     

Discrete element modeling of asphalt concrete cracking using a user-defined three-dimensional micromechanical approach

We established a user-defined micromechanical model using discrete element method (DEM) to investigate the cracking behavior of asphalt concrete (AC). Using the “Fish” language provided in the particle flow code in 3-Demensions (PFC3D), the air voids and mastics in asphalt concrete were realistically built as two distinct phases. With the irregular shape of individual aggregate particles modeled using a clump of spheres of different sizes, the three-dimensional (3D) discrete element model was able to account for aggregate gradation and fraction. Laboratory uniaxial complex modulus test and indirect tensile strength test were performed to obtain input material parameters for the numerical simulation. A set of the indirect tensile test were simulated to study the cracking behavior of AC at two levels of temperature, i e, −10 °C and 15 °C. The predicted results of the numerical simulation were compared with laboratory experimental measurements. Results show that the 3D DEM model is able to predict accurately the fracture pattern of different asphalt mixtures. Based on the DEM model, the effects of air void content and aggregate volumetric fraction on the cracking behavior of asphalt concrete were evaluated.     

多孔沥青混合料粘弹塑性损伤模型

为合理描述多孔沥青混合料在中低温度外界荷载作用下的力学特性,基于增量型本构方程,采用Weibull损伤函数、广义Maxwell粘弹模型与D-P塑性模型,构建了粘弹塑性损伤模型．以此模型为分析手段,对不同温度和加载速率下的单轴压缩应力-应变曲线进行拟合,并分析温度与加载速率对模型参数的影响规律．分析结果表明:多孔沥青混合料粘弹参数随着温度的降低逐步退化成弹性参数,塑性模型中的体积模量和剪切模量也随温度呈现出明显的粘弹特性,塑性应变产生时对应的应变值与损伤应变阙值基本保持一致,温度及加载速率对于混合料的损伤扩展也有显著影响．构建的理论模型可以有效表征多孔沥青混合料在常温和低温下受荷时的力学损伤特性．     

不同RAP掺量温拌再生改性沥青抗变形性能研究

为了评价不同RAP （旧沥青混合料reclaimed asphalt pavement）温拌再生沥青混合料的抗变形性能,通过室内试验对SBS改性沥青及4种不同RAP掺量温拌再生改性沥青进行基本性能及不同温度下黏度试验,从活化能角度揭示温拌再生改性机理,并且通过沥青混合料车辙试验对不同RAP沥青混合料抗变形性能进行研究.结果表明：温拌再生改性沥青的活化能较高;温拌再生改性沥青混合料的高温性能优于热拌沥青混合料,RAP建议掺量为40%,再生剂A及B建议掺量分别为沥青质量5%及旧沥青质量4%.     

冻融循环对泡沫沥青再生混合料微观结构的影响

为了探究泡沫沥青冷再生混合料抗水损害能力的衰变情况,选取6种不同级配泡沫沥青冷再生混合料,采用劈裂强度试验及电子断层扫描试验,系统研究了不同冻融循环次数下混合料强度衰减特性、空隙级配及最可几孔径的变化规律.结果表明:随着冻融循环的增加,冷再生混合料的强度明显减小,微空隙显著减小,大空隙显著增加,空隙数目的变化直接影响到混合料的强度.电子断层扫描试验及劈裂强度试验结果表明:在总空隙率相同的条件下,微空隙越多混合料强度越高;大空隙越多混合料强度越低.以此为基础提出再生混合料内部空隙的3种分类:无害孔、少害孔及有害孔.前2次冻融循环对冷再生混合料最可几孔径影响最大.在相同的冻融次数下初始空隙率越大泡沫沥青冷再生混合料的最可几孔径越大.     

动水作用对沥青混合料低温抗裂性的影响

摘 要: 为了研究动水作用对沥青混合料低温抗裂性能的影响,本文将动水作用引入试验,利用自行开发的模拟实际沥青路面受动水作用的室内实验装置,提出了荷载、水、温度三者共同参与的动水作用试验方法。基于此方法,从沥青标号、级配类型、空隙率三种因素出发,对7种沥青混合料动水作用前后的低温抗裂性能进行研究。研究表明动水作用对沥青混合料的低温抗裂性存在不利影响。不同因素下,其影响的程度是有差异的。对于空隙率为10%的混合料,其低温抗裂性能受动水作用的影响程度最高;在最不利的空隙率10%下,骨架结构的沥青混合料低温性能受动水影响比悬浮结构的要小;粘度大的沥青制成的混合料其低温抗裂性能受动水作用的影响较大。     

动水作用对沥青混合料低温抗裂性的影响

为了研究动水作用对沥青混合料低温抗裂性能的影响,将动水作用引入试验,利用自行开发的模拟实际沥青路面受动水作用的室内实验装置,提出了荷载、水、温度三者共同参与的动水作用试验方法.从沥青标号、级配类型、空隙率3种因素出发,对7种沥青混合料动水作用前后的低温抗裂性能进行研究.研究表明,动水作用对沥青混合料的低温抗裂性存在不利影响.不同因素下,影响的程度有差异.对于空隙率为10%的混合料,其低温抗裂性能受动水作用的影响程度最高;在最不利的空隙率10%下,骨架结构的沥青混合料低温性能受动水影响比悬浮结构的要小;粘度大的沥青制成的混合料其低温抗裂性能受动水作用的影响较大.     

基于数字图像处理技术的沥青混合料微观结构有限元分析

论述一种将沥青混合料微结构和其力学行为仿真联系在一起的方法.该方法利用数字图像处理技术将计算机断层扫描(CT)图像转换为数字格式,并与有限元建模结合,使得根据CT图像建立的有限元模型可以较真实地再现沥青混合料的微结构,进行有限元分析时可以充分考虑沥青混合料颗粒和微空隙分布非均匀特性.计算分析了各向异性和空隙分布对沥青混合料劈裂试验的影响,数值计算结果发现沥青混合料颗粒和空隙分布的非均匀性对拉应力分布影响极大.研究结果表明:采用基于CT图像处理技术的有限元模型进行沥青混合料粘弹特性的研究是可行的.     

沥青混合料车辙进程影响因素及预估模型研究

采用汉堡车辙试验系统进行车辙试验,分析荷载作用次数、试件厚度、温度、混合料力学性能对沥青混合料车辙进程的影响,建立了以上影响因子与车辙深度的关系,并建立了沥青混合料车辙预估模型;通过AC-13、AC-16和AC-20这3种混合料、40℃、50℃、60℃3种温度下的大量室内车辙试验数据确定了模型参数。结果表明,车辙深度与荷载作用次数呈乘幂关系增加,与温度呈指数关系增长,与混合料重复加载试验力学性能参数εp/Fn呈乘幂关系,而与试件厚度关系不显著,根据建立的车辙预估模型得到的车辙预估值与实测值误差基本不超过±10%,进而通过9条路段的车辙实际调研数据对模型参数进行了修正,得到了实际路面车辙预估模型,可以为路面混合料设计提供参考。