酶解蚕蛹蛋白及其应用研究

本文首先对胰蛋白酶水解蚕蛹蛋白的最佳条件进行了选择，结果为酶解固液比２０：７０酶作用量０．５％、酶解温度４５℃、酶解时间５小时、酶解ＰＨ值７．０；接着针对胰蛋白酶较低的水解率进行了提高其水解能力的研究，发现采用脱脂、浸泡、酶－酸联合水解等处理可大大提高蚕蛹蛋白的水解率；最后利用β－环状糊精的包埋作用和蜂蜜的掩盖作用，制得了一种氨基酸含量丰富的蚕蛹复合氨基酸口服液。     

蚕蛹蛋白的水解工艺研究

以蚕蛹蛋白为原料,采用酶一酸两步水解法水解蚕蛹蛋白。通过单因素试验探讨了底物浓度、水解温度、pH值、酶浓度、水解时间对水解度的影响,采用L16（4^5）正交试验设计对水解工艺条件进行优化,得到优化的酶解工艺条件：底物浓度1：7（g／g）,水解温度40℃,pH值8．0,酶浓度2．0％。水解时间8h：然后加入20mL 3mol／L的HCl进行酸水解,水解8h水解度70%-80％。试验结果表明,采用酶-酸两步水解法水解蚕蛹蛋白,具有酶水解条件温和,氨基酸不受破坏以及酸水解快速、彻底的优点。     

食用蚕蛹蛋白的开发研究

水解蚕蛹蛋白多数采用碱水解法和酸水解法,但易造成部分必需氨基酸的破坏和环境污染。本课题采用胡惠民等研制的高活性复合酶对蚕蛹蛋白进行水解,获得18种氨基酸,必需氨基酸不受破坏,水解率达95%以上,符合国家食品卫生标准。最佳工艺参数为pH值9～10、温度40～41℃、酶解时间5h、底物浓度1∶10。该工艺开辟了氨基酸来源的新途径。     

酶解鸢乌贼组织蛋白制备酸溶性肽的工艺优化

为有效利用鸢乌贼资源,对酶解鸢乌贼组织蛋白制备酸溶性肽的工艺进行了研究。比较了不同蛋白酶对鸢乌贼组织蛋白水解能力的差异,确定胰蛋白酶为水解鸢乌贼组织蛋白的最佳蛋白酶类型。先后采用单因素和响应面试验对酶解工艺条件进行了系统的研究及优化。确定了胰蛋白酶水解鸢乌贼组织蛋白的最佳工艺条件为:蛋白浓度3%,加酶量4210 U/g蛋白,pH9.23,酶解温度52.3 ℃,酶解时间5 h。在优化的工艺条件下,酸溶性肽的得率可以达到(74.02%±0.41%)。此外,氨基酸分析结果表明,经酶解得到的酸溶性肽基本保持了原鸢乌贼组织蛋白的氨基酸组成,8种必需氨基酸含量丰富,约占氨基酸总量的38%。试验结果表明,采用胰蛋白酶水解鸢乌贼制备酸溶性肽的工艺具有可行性。     

应用固定化胰蛋白酶制备大豆肽的研究

采用固定化胰蛋白酶水解大豆分离蛋白制备大豆低肽，对固定化胰蛋白酶水解工艺参数等进行了系统研究。结果表明：固定化胰蛋白酶的最适温度为60℃，最适pH为8．7，最佳底物浓度为2．0－3．0mg/mL，大豆分离蛋白的最佳流速为0．3mL/min，大豆分离蛋白的水解率达到45．6％，酶解液中大豆肽含量为1．462mg/mL。酶解液多肽分子量大部分在10000以下。     

酶法制取土鳖虫氨基酸口服液的研究

采用酶法水解土鳖虫制取氨基酸口服液。其中胰蛋白酶对土鳖虫蛋白的水解能力最强。最佳水解条件为：pH8.0，温度45℃，底物浓度7．5％，酶与底物比6000μ／g水解时间6h。进一步研究发现，采用胃蛋白酶同胰蛋白酶联合水解，其氨基氮生成率比用单一的酶高。水解液中含有18种氨基酸，8种必需氨基酸齐全。氮溶指数达90％，是一种营养价值较高的蛋白质补剂。     

风味蛋白酶酶解蚕蛹蛋白工艺研究

以蚕蛹蛋白为原料,蚕蛹蛋白水解度为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验对影响蚕蛹蛋白水解度的因素,如底物浓度、酶与底物比、酶解p H、酶解温度、酶解时间等进行优化,并对蚕蛹氨基酸成分和蚕蛹蛋白水解液的抗氧化能力进行分析测定。结果表明,当底物浓度为4.0%、酶解时间为4.0 h、酶解pH为7.0、酶与底物比为20%时,蚕蛹蛋白水解度最高,达37.04%。抗氧化分析结果显示,风味蛋白酶酶解蚕蛹蛋白的水解液对DPPH清除活性较高,为90.19%,对超氧阴离子的清除率为24.79%,对羟基自由基的清除率为37.07%。     

酶法水解蚂蚁蛋白的研究

以蚂蚁为原料，利用胰酶、胰蛋白酶及木瓜蛋白酶对蚂蚁蛋白水解。确定胰蛋白酶为较适宜酶，最佳水解条件为：温度45℃，pH8．0，底物浓度7．5％，酶与底物比6000u／g，时间6h，氨基氮生成率达43％，水解液含18种氨基酸，其中必需氨基酸占54．4％，氮溶解指数达92％．是一种营养价值较高的蛋白质补剂。     

不同酶切方式引发大豆蛋白构象变化及功能特性评价

本研究以枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶、枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶酶解大豆分离蛋白产物为研究对象,借助十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱解析不同酶切条件下蛋白产物构象变化,并对其乳化性及抗氧化活性等功能特性进行评价。结果表明：酶解促进蛋白解折叠,内部氨基酸暴露,并受到酶切方式的影响;菠萝蛋白酶酶解作用范围宽泛,疏水性氨基酸浓度达到最大值(27.10±0.08)%,氨基酸存在微环境发生改变,形成柔性结构单元,其乳化性及抗氧化性都得到明显改善,为具有最佳功能特性的酶解蛋白;酶特异性作用位点导致酶解作用程度较低的枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶、枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶及胰蛋白酶水解产物功能特性均高于未处理样品。值得注意的是,水解程度最低的胰蛋白酶水解产物呈现优异乳化稳定性,这是因为大豆中胰蛋白酶抑制剂抑制蛋白过度水解,提升蛋白溶解度同时,肽段长度适宜稳定包裹油滴。     

硒化复合L-氨基酸制备工艺研究

以豆粕为原料,利用酶水解工艺制备复合L-氨基酸,将复合L-氨基酸与亚硒酸钠螯合制备硒化复合L-氨基酸。结果表明,豆粕酶解的最佳工艺条件为：固液比1：25、pH8．5、加酶量10％胰蛋白酶与8％木瓜蛋白酶、酶解时间均为4h,所得豆粕水解率为39．61％。复合L-氨基酸与亚硒酸钠螯合的最佳工艺条件为：温度80℃、pH9．0、摩尔配比2：1、时间2h。此条件下螯合率为43．28％,经红外光谱分析复合L-氨基酸与亚硒酸钠之间存在螯合作用。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the