我国浆纱技术和浆料的发展方向

介绍了我国“二高一低”高压上浆新工艺、预湿上浆技术、聚丙烯酸类浆料及PVA的现状，发展方向。提出要全面推广应用“二高一低”高压上浆新工艺；加深对聚丙烯酸类浆料的识别，进行优选应用；少用或不用PVA。     

Neumag聚丙烯高速纺丝技术

约30年前,墨西哥利用美国开发的树脂生产出细旦聚丙烯长丝.当卷绕速度提高到1600m/min时,得到了中取向丝(MOY),通过两步拉伸在假捻机上获得“拉伸变形”效果.当聚酯纤维生产中开始采用POY—DTY工艺的时候,聚丙烯纤维生产也开始采用MOY—DTY生产路线.由于采用POY—DTY路线生产聚酯变形纱省去了拉伸变形工序,生产成本大为降低,纺织品市场在当时尚未接受聚丙烯细旦纤维,在相当长时间内聚丙烯细旦纤维没能得到进一步发展.然而细旦聚丙烯纤维一直处于高速发展中.BCF地毯纱“Meraklan”,     

远红外保健袜的发展前景

“远红外聚丙烯纤维”是北京涤纶实验厂继推出“细旦、超细旦聚丙烯纤维”以后,与天津纺织工学院功能纤维研究所共同研制开发的又一高科技新产品.“远红外聚丙烯纤维”是把具有生化效应的陶瓷粉与聚丙烯树脂混熔后利用高速纺丝技术纺制而成的功能性纤维.当人们穿着利用“远红外聚丙烯纤维”做成的衣物时,具有生化效应的材料就会吸收周围环境及人体自身辐射能量,并转换发射出4～14微米的远红外光波.其波谱频率与人体细胞中的分子、原子振动频率相同,并形成共振,增强了细胞组织中分子和原子的振动,活化了细胞组织,增加血流量,促进微循环,从而加快了人体微动脉、微静脉血管中的血液流动,促进了血液与细胞组织间的物质交换,改善     

国外丙纶及其染色用染料发展概况(上)

一、前言 丙纶即聚丙烯纤维。 1955年意大利的纳塔发现由丙烯可生成聚合物。1957年齐格勒—纳塔催化剂问世,使高纯度丙烯在加温加压条件下满意地合成了聚丙烯,同年由意大利孟太卡提尼公司首先工业化生产。所以,丙纶是五十年代后期发展起来的一种新型合成纤维。在六十年代初期曾显赫一时,被誉为“革命的合成纤维”、“最后的合成纤维”、“梦的纤维”。国外争先恐后建厂生产,丙纶纤维产量迅速增加。     

聚丙烯膜裂纤维缝纫线通过技术鉴定

由安庆市燎原化工厂承担的技术开发项目——“聚丙烯膜裂纤维缝纫线”,目前通过了省级技术鉴定.聚丙烯膜裂纤维缝纫线具有比重轻、强度大、收缩小、耐磨、耐腐蚀等优点,且其成本低于其它合成纤维缝纫线.鉴定会上有     

聚丙烯膜裂纤维生产中熔膜的均匀急冷

本文介绍了聚丙烯编织扁丝生产线的技术改造过程，讨论了熔膜实施“急骤冷却”及保证冷却的“均匀性”对产品质量和产量的影响。     

聚丙烯非织造土工布的研究进展及应用前景

简述了土工布的发展历史、分类和发展趋势,介绍了聚丙烯非织造土工布的概况.从聚丙烯非织造土工布用高强纤维、聚丙烯非织造土工布力学性能及其老化性能三个方面概述了国内外聚丙烯非织造土工布的研究进展,并介绍了聚丙烯长丝非织造土工布的应用领域及发展前景.     

科学食与做情趣在其中——钱人元院士谈老年饮食生活

钱人元,79岁,198O年当选为中科院院士(学部委员),全国政协委员。国家科委“攀登计划”主要项目——“高分子凝聚态的几个基本物理问题的研究” 首席科学家。香港“求是科技基金会”第一届(1994年)“杰出科学家奖”获得者。 主要贡献 深入研究了高聚物加工过程与结构性能的关系,开创了修饰分子置分布的方法以适应聚丙烯的加工性能要求,为我国聚丙烯纤维工业的开发奠定了基础。7O年代后开创了有机固体电导研究,对新型有机导体、导电高聚物等进行了探索。     

“棉盖丙”针织品服用性能研究

利用聚丙烯纤维拒水和棉纤维吸水的特性,开发“棉盖丙”多层针织物制作服装。文中研究讨论了聚丙烯纤维的性质和棉盖丙针织物的服用性能,认为适用于运动衣和内衣,特别适合大运动量的运动员穿着。     

纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料研究进展

聚丙烯作为常用的商品聚合物之一,因其耐紫外性差、易氧化等缺点限制了其应用,因此生产聚丙烯复合材料是拓展聚丙烯使用范围的途径之一.目前多种纤维可用作热塑性聚丙烯基体的增强材料,从纤维素纤维、有机合成纤维、无机纤维对纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料进行了论述,并从复合原料、界面相容方法等方面分析聚丙烯复合材料发展现状及存在的问题,提...     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the