西北油田分公司成本控制策略探讨

本文从分析成本费用构成、投资与成本的关系、成本结构比例入手,总结了油田企业成本控制的成功作法、成本管理存在的问题,最后提出了油田企业成本控制的策略。     

浅谈石油化工EPC总承包项目全过程造价管理

采取EPC总承包建设模式的石油化工项目，可通过全过程造价管理，控制成本费用，提升项目的经济效益。但在项目实际管理过程中，由于石油化工项目技术复杂，成本费用涉及的环节与内容比较多，成本管控难度大，仍存在一些问题和风险，需要采取相应的防控措施。本文分析了石油化工项目全过程成本控制主要存在的问题，提出了设计、采购、施工主要阶段的成本控制措施，以供参考。     

新经济形势下海油企业项目成本费用管理与控制措施研究

成本费用管控作为贯穿海油企业工程项目全过程的重要工作环节,不仅关系到海油企业工程项目成本支出以及项目效益,对海油企业的持续发展也有着重要影响.本文简单分析了海油企业项目成本费用管控必要性以及存在的问题,并对新经济形式下海油企业项目成本管控措施进行了简单阐述.     

项目成本控制管理

施工企业利用有关措施对成本实施有效管理,降低项目成本费用,提高经济效益,把成本控制在计划范围内,以寻求最大程度的成本节约,提高企业的市场适应能力及核心竟争力。     

浅析采油井站质量管理的精细化

辽河油田经过多年的开发建设,开发区块面临着后备资源接替不足、开发难度日益增大、投资成本刚性增长的不利形势。越来越多的低效井、井组、区块投入开发难度不断加大,工作量大幅度上升,油气开采的效益呈逐年下降的趋势,居高不下的吨油成本已经成为制约油田发展的瓶颈。面对运行投入逐年增加、成本压力逐渐上升的困难,必须通过管理创新、科技进步、控制关键要素、完善现场基础管理,来实现经济效益稳步增长。作为油气生产一线的基层采油队,是油田成本费用发生的源头所在,因此必须加强采油井站的精细化管理,从源头上控制成本费用。     

有效控制成本 提高企业经济效益

控制成本费用是提高企业经济效益的重要手段之一。针对水利施工企业的实际情况,工程成本控制,重在加强施工现场管理。提出加强材料费用控制,降低材料消耗,公开竞标,降低成本,提高企业经济效益。     

彩南油田单井成本核算及控制方法研究

彩南油田已进入开发中后期,开发费用上升,运行成本居高不下。以往将彩南油田作业区看成一个整体,采用"吨油"为基础进行成本核算,不能实现成本的过程控制。本次采用单井成本核算方法,将各项成本归集到单井上核算,研发了一套成本网络节点控制系统软件,实现成本费用事前预测、事中分析和事后评价。     

石化项目成本加酬金合同模式研究

介绍了石油化工领域建设项目近年逐步推广的成本加酬金合同模式的应用背景,通过工程实例分析了该合同模式存在的主要问题,在项目酬金计取、项目成本费用控制等方面提出相应优化方案,在石油石化系统的管理体系下,提出成本进度统筹联动的解决思路。     

施工项目的成本费用管理

随着科技发展与人类的进步 ,科学有效地开展各种工作 ,已经渗透到企业的每个工作环节。科学管理体系的好坏 ,将直接影响企业的竞争力。对建筑企业而言 ,企业间的竞争将逐渐由产品质量竞争过渡到质量竞争与价格竞争并存。加强施工项目的成本费用管理 ,将成为大多数企业的长期经营战略。1　成本费用管理的内容施工项目成本费用管理主要由成本费用预测、成本费用控制、成本费用核算、成本费用分析、成本费用考核等环节组成。这些环节相辅相成 ,互为条件、互相制约 ,构成了一个完整的成本费用管理循环体系。成本费用预测、计划为成本费用控制与…     

成本费用总承包带来的效益

1999年 ,九七三二厂实行成本费用总承包的办法 ,在降成本、增效益方面做出了积极探索 ,取得了良好效果 ,推动了企业生产经营持续、稳定、健康地发展。各项成本费用比上年降低了 2 0 %～ 45% ;全年完成工业总产值 7896万元 ,实现利税 62 9.9万元。1 .贯彻一个原则 ,落实一个方案年初 ,该厂本着“贴近生产实际 ,便于操作规范 ,实现开源节流”的原则 ,制定了《财务开支计划与成本费用总承包方案》。把管理费用、制造费用、辅助生产、产品销售费用等项成本费用订出开支计划 ,然后 ,把全厂各车间处室的各项费用明细化 ,层层分解指标 ,落实到每个…     

浅论硼砂企业目标成本预算控制

论述了目标成本预算控制对硼砂企业的重要性，介绍了目标成本预算控制的原理和方法。     

中小企业人力资源成本预算与控制

从企业推行人力资源成本预算控制的重要性和人力资源成本预算管理编制、执行、结算等体系的运作及人力资源成本预算管理的控制措施上进行分析与探讨,努力改善人工成本结构,制定科学规范的人力资源成本控制和管理的办法,使企业人力资源成本的效益指标始终保持在有竞争力的水平之上,形成良性的循环机制。     

盐湖地区工程造价控制若干体会

青海格尔木盐湖地区自然条件与内地有较大差别,作者就工程造价控制中对于取土单价,材料预算价格、气温下水,施工中的变更等一些具体情况介绍了体会。     

工程建设项目全面造价管理要则

通过对工程建设项目特点剖析，提出了工程建设项目全过程造价管理、全要素造价管理、全风险造价管理、全团队造价管理等四项造价管理技术，针对其特点提出全面造价管理的管理技术要则，并提出要注重事前管理控制、项目信息的收集和加工、加强项目的动态性管理、重视项目管理的科学性和艺术性等各项要求。     

Soil C balances in Swedish agricultural soils 1990–2004, with preliminary projections

Swedish agricultural land comprises about 3 Mha and its topsoil contains about 270 Mt C (0–25 cm depth). Based on daily climate data, annual yield data and a soil database, we calculate the topsoil C dynamics for Swedish agricultural land 1990–2004, using a soil C balance model, ICBM. Losses from high C (organic) soils are calculated from subsidence, which in turn is calculated from soil properties, cropping system and weather conditions. We also present scenarios and projections into the future. Mineral soils are close to balance in all of the eight agricultural regions investigated. Average soil C mass roughly increases from South to North, since the lower yields and thus C inputs in Northern regions are more than balanced by the higher decomposition rates due to warmer climate in the South. The higher proportion of grass leys in the North also contributes to higher C mass. High C soils (>7% C, corresponding to 12% soil organic matter content) lose 2–6 t C ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, depending on weather and cropping system, and total annual loss from Swedish agricultural high-C soils is about 1 Mt year⁻¹. This loss is discussed in the context of plant production and remedial actions. Projections into the future, assuming that a temperature increase leading to increased decomposition rates also will lead to higher yields, indicate a potential to at least maintain soil C mass in Swedish agricultural mineral soils. Growing crops with residues more resistant towards decomposition would be an efficient way to increase soil C mass. See also .     

论建筑陶瓷企业的成本管理与控制

分析了建筑陶瓷企业成本管理与控制中存在的问题，从战略成本管理、全面成本管理、战略同盟、技术创新和精细化管理等多角度提出了加强成本管理和控制的对策。     

加强设计阶段工程造价管理之我见

设计阶段工程造价管理是控制工程项目总体造价的关键。结合国际上工程造价管理状况阐述了国内的存在问题，为使其由单一控制转变为多方控制，建议应建立必要的规章制度，发挥行业协会作用，提高人员素质，逐步建立科学的工程造价分析系统，并落实责、权、利明晰的奖罚制度。     

ICBM regional model for estimations of dynamics of agricultural soil carbon pools

Swedish arable land covers 3 Mha and its topsoil contains about 300 Mton C. The mineral soils seem to be close to steady-state, but the organic soils (about 10% of total arable land) have been estimated to lose ca. 1 Mton/year. We have devised a conceptual model (ICBMregion), using national agricultural crop yield/manuring statistics and allometric functions to calculate annual C input to the soil together with a five-parameter soil carbon model (ICBMr), calibrated using long-term field data. In Sweden, annual yield statistics are reported for different crops, for each of eight agricultural regions. Present topsoil carbon content and regional distribution of soil types have recently been measured. We use daily weather station data for each region together with crop type (bulked from individual crop data) and soil type to calculate an annual soil climate parameter for each crop/soil type permutation in each region. We use 14 soil types and 9 crop types, which gives 126 parameter sets for each year and region, each representing a fraction of the region's area. For each year, region, crop and soil type, ICBMregion calculates the change in young and old soil carbon per hectare, and sums up the changes to, e.g., national changes. With eight regions, we will have 1008 parameter sets per year, which easily can be handled, and what-if scenarios as well as comparisons between benchmark years are readily made. We will use the model to compare the soil C pools between the IPCC benchmark year 1990 and the present. In principle, we use inverse modelling from the sampled, recent soil C pools to estimate those in 1990. In the calculations, soil climate and yield for each year from 1990 onwards are taken into account. Then we can project soil C balances into the future under different scenarios, e.g., business as usual, land use change or changes in agricultural crops or cultivation practices. Projections of regional climate change are also available, so we can quite easily make projections of soil C dynamics under, e.g., different climate scenarios. We can follow the dynamic effects of carbon sequestration efforts – and estimate their efficiency. The approach is conceptually simple, fairly complete, and can easily be adapted to different needs and availability of data. However, perhaps the greatest advantage is that the results from this comprehensive approach used for, e.g., a 10-year period, can be condensed into a very simple spreadsheet model for calculating effects of management/land use changes on C stocks in agricultural soils.     

设计阶段工程造价的控制

论述建设项目工程造价的确定和控制关键在设计阶段,而设计阶段工程造价的控制要从初步设计和施工图设计做起。     

Delay‐range‐dependent guaranteed cost control for batch processes with state delay

A guaranteed cost control scheme is proposed for batch processes described by a two‐dimensional (2‐D) system with uncertainties and interval time‐varying delay. First, a 2‐D controller, which includes a robust feedback control to ensure performances over time and an iterative learning control to improve the tracking performance from cycle to cycle, is formulated. The guaranteed cost law concept of the proposed 2‐D controller is then introduced. Subsequently, by introducing the Lyapunov–Krasovskii function and adding a differential inequality to the Lyapunov function for the 2‐D system, sufficient conditions for the existence of the robust guaranteed cost controller are derived in terms of matrix inequalities. A design procedure for the controller is also presented. Furthermore, a convex optimization problem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints is formulated to design the optimal guaranteed cost controller that minimizes the upper bound of the closed‐loop system cost. The proposed control law can stabilize the closed‐loop system as well as guarantee H_∞ performance level and a cost function with upper bounds for all admissible uncertainties. The results can be easily extended to the constant delay case. Finally, an illustrative example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed 2‐D design approach. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 2033–2045, 2013