极压剂的功能

1.极压剂的出现人们通过长期的实践表明,相同粘度的矿物油,其烧结状况却不尽相同。油性差是指以相同粘度的油所测得的摩擦系数之差。作为提高矿物油油性的“油性剂”,往往是往矿物油中添加少量的各种油脂作为诱导体,使其油性与动植物油相同。为保证油性的定量化,研制出油性测定机,用以测定摩擦系数。油性剂便是     

矿油型拉延油的研制

本文介绍了二种用于零件加工的矿油型拉延油,阐述了极压剂和油性剂含量以及油品粘度酸值对使用的影响。与原用润滑剂相比,矿油型拉延油防锈性好、清洗性好、可泵送给油和带油焊接。     

对分散在蜗杆油中的纳米颗粒摩擦学性能的试验研究

本文选用合成极压蜗杆油、未加油性剂和极压剂的半成品合成蜗杆油作为基础试验油，将超微金刚石颗粒、纳米铁颗粒和纳米铜颗粒分别以两种不同重量比分散到半成品蜗杆油中，在MM－200型磨损试验机上进行传统油性剂、极压剂与纳米颗粒的抗磨减摩性能对比试验研究。试验结果表明：纳米颗粒不仅具有良好的抗磨减摩性，并且在一定条件下，平均粒径尺寸为5nm的超微金刚石颗粒的抗磨减摩效果优于传统的油性剂和极压剂，可能成为新一代的抗磨减摩添加剂。     

固体添加剂、摩擦改进剂在锂基润滑脂中的应用研究

针对常用复合锂基润滑脂存在的润滑极压抗磨性不足等问题,研究不同固体添加剂、摩擦改进剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨减摩性能的影响。结果表明,固体添加剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨性能影响较大,其中PTFE和二硫化钼组成的复配剂可使润滑脂得到优异的极压和抗磨性能;摩擦改进剂Priolube 3986复酯和硬脂酸复配具有协同作用,可明显增强润滑脂的抗磨减摩性能;固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对润滑脂的润滑作用可以优势互补,全面提升润滑脂综合性能。     

固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对锂基润滑脂性能的影响

针对常用复合锂基润滑脂存在的润滑极压抗磨性不足等问题,研究不同固体添加剂、摩擦改进剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨减摩性能的影响。结果表明,固体添加剂对复合锂基润滑脂极压抗磨性能影响较大,其中PTFE和二硫化钼组成的复配剂可使润滑脂得到优异的极压和抗磨性能;摩擦改进剂Priolube 3986复酯和硬脂酸复配具有协同作用,可明显增强润滑脂的抗磨减摩性能;固体添加剂和摩擦改进剂对润滑脂的润滑作用可以优势互补,全面提升润滑脂综合性能。     

抗磨型油膜轴承油极压抗磨性能的研究

用油膜承载能力及四球机试验等方法极压抗磨性能，以硫磷型极压抗磨剂和油性剂等为主剂进行复配，对油品配方研究及解决极压抗磨性能打下了基础，。产品轻工业现场使用试验证明，极压抗磨性能完全能够满足设备的使用要求。     

润滑油性能对接触疲劳影响的研究

用改装的四球机考察了不同类型的油性极压剂对接触疲劳的影响,试验证明不同类型的油性极压剂对接触疲劳的影响有显著差别,润滑油的PB、PD、ZMZ与接触疲劳性能没有关系,而长时间的磨斑直径越小,抗接触疲劳的性能越好。     

长城牌OO#极压锂基脂的研制、性能特点及应用

长城牌00#极压锂基脂采用含锌多效剂及摩擦改进剂调配而成。具有优良的极压性。独特的流变性能以及良好的抗剪切安定性,经在水泥厂减速机上试用,解决了漏油的难题,可以满足22kW以下减速机的使用要求。     

活性硫极压添加剂复合的润滑特性

本文采用硫化烯烃与高碱磺酸盐，酯类油性剂及在金属加工中常用的氯极压添加剂进行复合，通过四球机试验，发现高碱磺酸钙及异构醇脂肪酸酯对硫化燃烃的极压性有良好的增效作用。     

长城牌00#极压锂基脂的研制,性能特点及应用

长城牌００＃极压锂基脂采用含锌多效剂及摩擦改进剂调配而成。具有优良的极压性。独特的流变性能以及良好的抗剪切安定性，经在水泥厂减速机上试用，解决了漏油的难题，可以满足２２ｋＷ以下减速机的使用要求。     

The effects of lubricant additives on wear and scuffing resistance of copper alloys under boundary conditions

The effects of lubricant additives on alloy composition and structure, and on the wear and scuffing resistance of copper alloys, were investigated. The copper alloys used were Sn bronze, Sn-Zn-Pb bronze, Al-Fe bronze, and Si-Mn brass. The base oil used was straight mineral oil. The additives used were dimer acid, phosphonate ester, sulphide olefine cotton-seed oil, ZDDP and n-dibutyl phosphite. The test results revealed that Si-Mn brass shows the highest resistance to wear and scuffing, and Sn-Zn-Pb the lowest. It also revealed that oiliness additives are superior in wear and tear scuffing resistance to EP additives, especially sulphur-containing additives. The authors also noted that copper alloys show good resistance to wear and scuffing when coupled with a polished steel surface.     

镗削-滚压用切削油的研制及在油缸加工中的应用

通过对极压添加剂、油性剂和防腐剂等的筛选,研制了镗削-滚压用切削油。实际应用表明,所研制的镗削-滚压用切削油配方具有良好的使用性能,完全满足油缸加工时的润滑和冷却等要求。     

铝箔加工无渍液压油的研制

针对铝箔加工过程中液压油泄漏影响产品表面质量的问题,以高压全加氢轻质组分为基础油,采用酸性磷酸酯衍生物为主抗磨剂,复配增黏剂、油性剂、抗氧化等多种功能添加剂研制了一种无渍液压油。在铝箔轧机液压传动系统上的应用表明,该无渍液压油具有良好的抗磨、抗氧化、防锈防腐以及良好的经济性等综合性能,可大幅提升铝箔产品合格率,有效降低液压油产品的消耗量及工艺油品的更换频率。     

论水溶性润滑添加剂的研究方法

在已知的油溶性润滑添加剂分子中，引入水溶性基团，可以改性成水溶性润滑添加剂，在一个分子中同时包含水溶性、吸附性、疏水性、反应性基团，是合成兼有油性剂和极压剂功能的高效水溶性润滑添加剂的方法。     

Study of interaction of EP and AW additives with dispersants using XANES

The chemical interaction of two kinds of dispersants (bis-succinimide dispersant and borated bis-succinimide dispersant) with four kinds of antiwear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) additives (zinc dialkyldithiophosphate, dialkyldithiophosphate ester, diphenylphosphate ester and dialkyldithiocarbamate) has been investigated under different contact pressures. The chemical compositions of the tribofilms have been studied by B, N, P and S X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The N K-edge XANES analysis has been used to follow the reaction pathway of amine and imide functional groups in the dispersants and their interactions with EP and AW additives. It has been found that AW additives react with amine to form amine phosphate at low load. However, at high load, there is a good evidence for the formation of a nitrate phase in the tribofilms, the first direct observation of oxidative dispersant loss in the rubbing contact. On the other hand, EP additives behave differently and in general are less reactive. The B K-edge XANES has been employed to follow the interaction of borated dispersant with the EP and AW additive. In general, boron originally in the trigonal coordination, is converted to a tetrahedral coordination form in the process of tribofilm formation.     

合成酯型油性添加剂的研究

采用合成酯作为油性剂,与棕榈油进行了一系列的对比试验。结果表明,硬脂酸辛酯不仅在改善矿物油的润滑性及与硫、氯极压添加剂的复合效果方面与棕榈油相当,而且改善了抗氧化性,大幅度延长了油品的使用寿命,综合成本会显著下降。因此,硬脂酸辛酯可以代替棕榈油作油性剂使用。     

Effect of the type and concentration of lubricating additives on the antiwear and extreme pressure properties and rolling fatigue life of a four‐ball tribosystem

Tests were performed on two different four‐ball testers. The first was used to determine antiwear (AW) and extreme pressure (EP) properties at sliding friction. The second was used to assess the surface fatigue (pitting) life at rolling movement. Lubricating oils of various chemical compositions were tested. A base mineral oil was blended with two different commercial packages of lubricating additives of AW and EP types. The AW additives contained ZDDP and were blended with the base oil at 0.2 and 3wt %. The EP additives were organic compounds of sulphur and phosphorus, blended with the base oil at 1 and 10wt %. It is shown that AW additives not only improve AW and EP properties but also — at 0.2% — are beneficial for the fatigue life. An increase in the concentration of AW additives leads to an improvement of AW and EP properties but — for one of the packages — reduces the fatigue life. EP additives — at 1% concentration — significantly improve EP properties, and to a lesser extent AW properties. Such a concentration of EP additives has no influence on the fatigue life. An increase in the concentration of EP additives leads to a further improvement of EP and AW properties. However, this is accompanied by a considerable decrease in the fatigue life. By using a scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer for analysis of the worn surface, mechanisms of action of various lubricating additives under different friction conditions were identified. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Lubricating oil additives and the environment — an overview

In this paper are reported some practical considerations relating to lubricant additive manufacture, and to additivated lubricants' impact on the environment. Widely used engine oil additives are mainly dithiophosphates, overbased calcium sulphonates, succinimidic dispersants, and polymer VI improvers. Production of these additives creates a potential environmental problems due to the hazardous emissions such as H₂S and HCl and sludge obtained during purification. New processes are described which lead to the reduction of toxic and other harmful pollutants. Gear oil additives, although these may be used in lower amounts, also make for ecological problems. A high quantity of sulphur-containing waste water is produced during manufacture of sulphurised EP additives. Some possibilities for recovering sulphur from this waste water are presented. The reduction of the chlorine content in EP additives is another important task, and new processes to produce EP additives with low residual chlorine content are discussed. Metal working fluid additives comprise emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, antiwear and EP additives. Their fabrication usually produces toxic and harmful residual products. Additivated lubricants may promote ecological injury. Oil leakage from engines working in harbours, parks, and entertainment areas are dangerous and difficult to avoid. To counter this, biodegradable base stocks were developed, but there are few data concerning the biode-gradability of the additives used. Used oils are generally collected and recovered, but a significant quantity of used oil is directly burned. Burning of additivated used oils in incorrect equipment leads to dangerous emissions, such as sulphur oxides. Because sulphur-containing additives cannot be replaced in engine oils or gear oils, the main ecological measure is the reduction of the quantity of used oils burned.     

Tribological performance of ionised vegetable oils as lubricity and fatty oiliness additives in lubricants and fuels

Lubricity and fatty oiliness additives, also known as friction modifiers in the tribological vocabulary, are steadily gaining acceptance from lubrication engineers and lubricant formulators. The present communication describes how such additives function in various tribosystems and which parameters control lubricity of finished formulations. Extensive experimental data are presented to demonstrate the outstanding tribological performance of bio‐based lubricity and fatty oiliness additives produced by Elektrionization^TM of vegetable feedstocks. Featuring a unique combination of viscosity and polarity, ionised vegetable oils form sufficiently thick and resilient protective layers by adsorption to rubbing surfaces. It is shown that, unlike extreme pressure additives, which act when a direct asperity–asperity contact occurs in the boundary lubrication regime, ionised vegetable oils function by postponing the onset of the boundary lubrication regime. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.