V2O5掺杂NiFe2O4材料的烧结动力学

研究了V₂O₅掺杂NiFe₂O₄基惰性阳极材料的等温烧结过程和烧结动力学。研究结果表明,NiO-Fe₂O₃和NiO-Fe₂O₃-0.5wt%V₂O₅体系中晶粒生长指数均随温度升高而减小,晶粒生长均主要依赖晶界扩散和体积扩散;2种体系晶粒生长活化能随烧结温度升高而降低;添加V₂O₅有助于降低样品的晶粒生长指数和晶粒生长活化能,起到加速晶粒生长的作用,但控制不当可能导致晶粒异常生长。     

纳米氧化钇的制备及表征

采用碳铵沉淀工艺, 进行了纳米氧化钇的制备研究。研究了沉淀过程中表面活性剂对沉淀颗粒大小的影响; 添加表面活性剂隔离碳酸钇颗粒之间的相互接触, 从而起到了在煅烧过程中控制粉末硬团聚的作用; 分析了煅烧温度对比表面和氯离子含量的影响; 制备出了单一粒径小于50 nm、团聚体粒度分布D₅₀<150 nm, 粉末的比表面积大于35 m²/g,粉末的团聚常数(D₅₀/D_BET)小于6, 形状为球形的纳米氧化钇粉末。     

纳米Al2O3/Cu复合材料的制备及其摩擦学特性

首先采用化学镀铜工艺制备了Cu包覆纳米Al₂O₃复合粉体,分析了预处理工艺和化学镀工艺对复合粉体的组成及形貌的影响;再将均匀包覆的复合粉体与铜粉充分混合后,利用热压烧结成型工艺制备了纳米Al₂O₃弥散强化铜基复合材料,并对质量分数为2.5%的纳米Al₂O₃铜基复合材料的微观组织、摩擦磨损性能进行了研究.结果表明:通过镀前预处理工艺及对传统镀液配方的调整,成功地在纳米Al₂O₃颗粒表面包覆了厚度均匀可控的镀铜层,从而提高了纳米Al₂O₃颗粒与铜基体间的界面结合力,并实现了纳米Al₂O₃颗粒在复合材料基体中均匀分布.采用化学镀铜包覆技术制得的纳米Al₂O₃/Cu复合材料有较好的抗摩擦磨损性能,复合材料的摩擦因数较小,其相对耐磨性与钝铜相比提高了近1倍.     

某石煤钒矿石焙烧-酸浸试验研究

以V₂O₅含量0.51%的某石煤钒矿石为试验原料,采用焙烧-酸浸工艺对其进行了系统的试验研究。分别考察了焙烧和浸出工艺参数对矿石中V₂O₅浸出率的影响。试验结果显示,在入料粒度-0.074 mm粒级含量占63.80%、焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间2 h的焙烧条件及浸出温度70℃、H₂SO₄用量（H₂SO₄与浸出试样的质量比）12%、液固比2:1、浸出时间2 h的浸出条件下,V₂O₅的浸出率可达到70.81%。研究结果为该类V₂O₅含量未达到工业品位的石煤钒矿石的开发利用提供了参考。      

直接还原碳化法制备超细WC粉体研究

采用直接还原碳化法, 以偏钨酸铵(AMT)和炭黑为原材料, 在N₂气氛中制备出超细WC粉末。对不同温度下反应产物进行XRD、SEM以及化学成分分析, 结果显示:含钨相逐步由AMT向WO₃, WO_2.72, W, W₂C转变并最终生成完全渗碳的WC粉末; 1 150 ℃下反应2 h可得到化合碳含量为6.09%的超细WC粉末, 粒度为0.3 μm, 比表面积为2.285 m²/g。对反应过程及机理进行了分析探讨, 结果表明:碳化温度应高于981 K, 反应产生CO, 降低CO分压有利于碳化反应的进行。     

高能球磨-快速热压烧结工艺制备纳米晶粒WC-Co 硬质合金

采用高能球磨-快速热压烧结工艺制备了纳米晶粒WC-Co 硬质合金块体, 并对合金的物理、力学性能及微观组织进行了分析测试。研究结果表明:高能球磨合成的纳米WC-Co 复合粉末通过快速热压烧结, 可在较低的烧结温度(1 300 ℃), 较短的保温时间(15 min), 较快的升温速率(120 ℃/min), 不太高的压力(35 MPa)下获得高致密的纳米硬质合金块体;通过添加0.8%的VC 和0.2%的Cr₃C₂ 作为晶粒生长抑制剂, 并采用低温、短时、快速、加压烧结的快速热压烧结工艺, 在一定程度上控制了纳米WC 晶粒的快速长大, 制备出了平均晶粒尺寸约为200 nm 且综合性能较高的纳米WC-Co 硬质合金块体。     

含钒云母悬浮氧化焙烧-酸浸提钒试验研究

以陕西某V₂O₅品位2.36%的含钒云母为原料,开展了悬浮氧化焙烧-硫酸浸出提钒工艺研究,考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、焙烧气量以及氧气浓度对V₂O₅浸出率的影响,采用X射线衍射、热重分析、傅里叶变换红外光谱等检测手段对焙烧前后含钒云母的结构进行了分析。研究表明,适宜的悬浮氧化焙烧工艺为:焙烧温度950 ℃、焙烧时间4 h、O₂浓度35%、总气量600 mL/min,焙烧产物在硫酸用量(质量分数)20%、液固比6∶1、浸出时间3 h、浸出温度90 ℃条件下进行酸浸,V₂O₅浸出率可达73.34%,实现了含钒云母破晶提钒的目标。     

采用浮选工艺降低某石煤钒矿中碳含量的试验研究

针对碳含量15.02%、V₂O₅含量0.928%的某石煤钒矿进行了降低其中碳含量的浮选工艺研究。经浮选处理,可将石煤钒矿中碳含量降至5.74%,V₂O₅含量富集到1.351%,V₂O₅回收率达到67.05%。研究结果为石煤钒矿中碳含量高、严重制约生产的瓶颈问题找到了解决办法,具有很好的推广价值。     

水磨法制备金属氧化物粉末研究

在水溶液中高能机械球磨金属粉末(水磨法)成功地制备了Mn₃O₄, Cu₂O, Fe₃O₄等金属纳米氧化物以及Zn(OH)₂和ZnO的混合粉末, 在球磨过程中金属粉末表面反应层的不断剥落引发固液反应的发生。制得的粉末平均粒度在20～100 nm之间。调整溶液的pH值可控制反应速率及产物的形成。     

含钛铁尾矿制纳米级TiO2的结构及性能

以贵州某低品位细粒难选钛铁矿还原焙烧-弱磁选选铁尾矿为原料,采用酸化焙烧-水解工艺制得高品位纳米级TiO2粉末,采用XRD、SEM、TEM和BET等手段对TiO₂粉末进行了结构表征,并以难降解酚类化合物4-硝基酚为对象,评价了TiO₂样品光催化降解4-硝基酚的性能。结果表明：所制备的TiO₂粉末属纳米级锐钛矿精矿,颗粒粒径在几十纳米;TiO2粉末呈介孔结构,平均孔径在5 nm左右;TiO₂粉末对4-硝基酚显示了很好的光催化降解性能,240 min的降解率超过60%。     

基于高压电脉冲技术的方铅矿石破碎试验研究

高压电技术破碎技术是一种新型晶界破裂技术,具有选择性破碎、污染小、无粉尘的优势。为进一步完善高压电脉冲预处理技术体系,针对辽宁某方铅矿石开展高压电脉冲预处理试验,系统考察了球隙间距、输出电压及脉冲次数等参数对矿石破碎效果的影响。结果表明:对7～5 mm、10～7 mm、12.5～10 mm这3种粒级原料,适宜的高压电脉冲预处理条件为:球隙间距25 mm、输出电压25 k V、脉冲次数150次,此时破碎产品-2 mm粒级产率最高,平均破碎比和粒度分布均匀系数最优。此外,给料粒度越细,破碎产品粒度分布均匀系数越大,粒度分布范围越宽,产品粒度均匀性越差。机械破碎主要通过冲击剪切作用力来减小矿石的粒度,以实现矿物单体解离;而高压电脉冲破碎通过介电常数差异,破坏矿石的内部结构,相界面由此产生的大量裂隙和微裂隙有助于矿石的进一步解离破碎。     

Fabrication of Y2O3 buffer layer on polished Ni substrates for YBCO superconducting tape

Highly cube textured Ni tapes are produced by heavy cold rolling and recrystallization annealing. The textured nickel tapes have been proven to be suitable substrates for YBCO superconducting tape. Nevertheless, rolling damage and grain boundary grooves on Ni influence the epitaxial growth of highly textured buffer and YBCO layers. The polishing of the Ni substrate surface may play a crucial role in making it beneficial to epitaxial film deposition. In our work, several polishing methods were adopted on Ni to reduce the depth of rolling damage and grain boundary grooves. On the polished Ni substrates, textured Y2O3 buffer layers were deposited using RF sputtering. XRD results show that in-plane texture of Y2O3 films will minish with the decreasing of the Ni substrate surface roughness. AFM results show that average grain size of the Y2O3 film is biggest and surface is coarse in film on flatter Ni surface.     

Fabrication of Y2O3 buffer layer on polished Ni substrates for YBCO superconducting tape

Highly cube textured Ni tapes are produced by heavy cold rolling and recrystallization annealing. The textured nickel tapes have been proven to be suitable substrates for YBCO superconducting tape. Nevertheless, rolling damage and grain boundary grooves on Ni influence the epitaxial growth of highly textured buffer and YBCO layers. The polishing of the Ni substrate surface may play a crucial role in making it beneficial to epitaxial film deposition. In our work, several polishing methods were adopted on Ni to reduce the depth of rolling damage and grain boundary grooves. On the polished Ni substrates, textured Y2O3 buffer layers were deposited using RF sputtering. XRD results show that in-plane texture of Y2O3 films will minish with the decreasing of the Ni substrate surface roughness. AFM results show that average grain size of the Y2O3 film is biggest and surface is coarse in film on flatter Ni surface.     

Fabrication of ultrafine grain WC alloys by spark plasma sintering

Ultrafine grain WC a lloys were prepared by high energy ball milling and subsequent spark plasma sintering from elemental mixed powders of nominal composition of WC-6Co-1.5Al(,, mass fraction). The influences of spark plasma sintering parameters on the density, hardness, bend strength and microstructure of sintered WC alloys were also investigated. The results show that there existed a proper time combination of pulse current and constant current employed for sintering. When the peak, base, frequency and occupational ratio of pulse current, constant current, total sintering time and sintering pressure were chosen as 3000 A, 360 A, 50 Hz, 50,, 1500 A, 6 min and 30 MPa, respectively, the optimal sintering was a combination application of 1min pulse-current and subsequent 5 min constant-current. The density, hardness and bend strength of the as sintered alloys could get up to 14. 224 g/cm3 , HRA94 and 1660 MPa, respectively, and the average grain size of WC was only about 500 nm.     

Fabrication of ultrafine grain WC alloys by spark plasma sintering

1IntroductionRecently,owingtothe rapid development of manufacturing,the ultrafine grain or nanocrystalline WC-base cemented carbides with high hardness,high toughness and sound anticorrosion have been studied ex-tensively[1,2].By far,it is still not reported that bulk cemented carbides with the grain size of less than100nmand with high integrated performances have been fabricated,though the WC-base composite pow-ders with average grain size of about25nm have been prepared successfully[3,4].T…     

Fabrication of ultrafine grain WC alloys by spark plasma sintering

Ultrafine grain WC a lloys were prepared by high energy ball milling and subsequent spark plasma sintering from elemental mixed powders of nominal composition of WC-6Co-1.5Al(%, mass fraction). The influences of spark plasma sintering parameters on the density, hardness, bend strength and microstructure of sintered WC alloys were also investigated. The results show that there existed a proper time combination of pulse current and constant current employed for sintering. When the peak, base, frequency and occupational ratio of pulse current, constant current, total sintering time and sintering pressure were chosen as 3000 A, 360 A, 50 Hz, 50%, 1500 A, 6 min and 30 MPa, respectively, the optimal sintering was a combination application of 1min pulse-current and subsequent 5 min constant-current. The density, hardness and bend strength of the as sintered alloys could get up to 14. 224 g/cm3 , HRA94 and 1660 MPa, respectively, and the average grain size of WC was only about 500 nm.     

新型电极材料Li_5Cr_9Ti_4O_(24)的制备及其性能

采用溶胶凝胶法合成一种新型的Li_5Cr_9Ti_4O_(24)钛酸盐材料,用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、循环伏安(CV)、充放电测试和阻抗测试等方法研究了样品的结构和电化学性能。结果表明,Li_5Cr_9Ti_4O_(24)粒径大小约为100~200 nm,具有同LiCrTiO_4相似的晶格结构;循环伏安曲线表在1.227 V/1.772 V和1.334 V/1.761 V处出现氧化还原峰;在不同倍率下充放电时,Li_5Cr_9Ti_4O_(24)有较好的放电比容量和倍率性能,大倍率充放电曲线表明Li_5Cr_9Ti_4O_(24)材料具有很高的循环稳定性;阻抗图表明循环后的Li_5Cr_9Ti_4O_(24)材料生成SEI膜。     

无盐焙烧酸法提取五氧化二钒的新工艺研究

对江西某石煤钒矿进行无盐焙烧—酸浸—萃取提取五氧化二钒工艺研究。结果表明:该钒矿在-0.074mm占80%、焙烧温度800℃焙烧3h,硫酸浸出,五氧化二钒的浸出率超过90%;浸出液溶剂萃取,反萃液硫酸氨沉钒,最终得到纯度超过98%的五氧化二钒产品,综合回收率超过80%。     

FeCr纳米合金粉的制备及性能

本文采用电爆炸法制备了FeCr纳米合金粉,对不同放电电压和金属丝丝径对粉体粒径及其分布的影响进行了探究。结果表明,在其他工艺参数不变的前提下,随着放电电压的增大、金属丝丝径的降低,纳米粉体粒径逐渐降低,粒径分布逐渐变窄。根据影响规律,对较优实验条件下制得的FeCr纳米合金粉进行性能表征,粉体呈光滑球形,粒径大小基本处于100nm以下,平均粒径仅为57.87nm,其Fe、Cr、O含量与FeCr合金丝基本相同,物相结构主要为Fe-Cr合金相。     

反向共沉淀法制备3Y-ZrO2粉体的研究

以ZrOCl2·8H2为锆源,Y2O3为稳定剂,NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,PEG1000为分散剂,通过反向共沉淀法在800℃保温1h,制备出四方相含量为88%、粒径为50～70nm、分散性好的3Y-ZrO2粉体.利用DTA-TG、XRD、TEM等测试手段研究了沉淀的热处理温度对3Y-ZrO2合成效果及颗粒大小的影响和PEG1000的加入量对粉体分散效果的影响.