大风江调水工程减缓环境不利影响的运行方式优化研究

大风江调水工程设计引水量较大,对下游生态环境有一定不利影响。通过对工程运行方式进行优化研究,提出充分利用金窝水库调节库容,加大汛期引水量,减少枯水期引水量,减缓其环境不利影响的运行方式。     

富尔江智能化引水工程初步设计

富尔江引水工程是大伙房水库供水工程的一个重要组成部分,由于以往的引水计量自动化在设计、设备选型、技术等方面存在诸多弊端,致使该系统并没有实现预期的观测计量功能。这次改造设计采用PLC可编程控制器和GSM数据无线传输技术,从而实现对引水闸门的智能控制及引水量的自动计量。     

万家寨引黄入晋工程

万家寨引黄入晋工程王鸿志（天津勘测设计研究院引黄处）山西省万家寨引黄入晋工程是一项大型跨流域引水工程，位于山西省西北部。工程任务是从黄河万家寨将黄河水东调入山西，为大同、平朔、太原三个地区供水。设计引水流量１４８ｍ３／ｓ，年引水量１２亿ｍ３。山西省是...     

基于旬径流预报信息的跨流域引水兴利调度方式的研究

在分析了大伙房跨流域引水工程常规兴利调度方式存在的问题的基础上,本文研究了基于旬径流预报信息的大伙房跨流域引水工程新的兴利调度方式。新的调度方式与常规兴利调度方式相比,前者在满足工业设计保证率和农业设计保证率的前提下,引水量和弃水量较少,实现了水资源的合理调度。     

深圳市境外引水工程的若干问题

通过对深圳市境外引水工程引水量的确定，引水线路设计，水库调蓄作用等问题的探讨，得如下结论和意见：（１）开源必须与节流并重，从而减少境外引水量，节省工程投资；９２）引水线路采用“干线大流量分岔供水，泵站小流量提财蓄”的设计，使工程建设经济合理：（３）合理充分发挥城市供水区水库的调蓄作用同时建议检修期改在１－３月份，能使检修对供水的影响最小流量提财蓄从而提高供水保证程度。     

富尔江引水工程受水区水量配置分析

文中以富尔江引水工程受水区水量配置为主要研究目的。基于2011—2015年富尔江引水工程引水量和引水工程受水区水库、电站和水文站降雨径流及沿线城市工农业生活用水数据,通过水量平衡法和降雨径流法,研究受水区城市生活及工业用水、农业用水、损耗水量,最终汇入大伙房水库的水量以及富尔江引水工程,引水量占用水量的比例。     

榆神供水工程隧洞建设方案探析

长距离引水隧洞建设方案一直是困扰调水工程的难题。为科学规划榆神供水工程隧洞方案,基于榆神供水工程概况,在分析隧洞工程地质和布置边界条件的基础上,设计了两种隧洞线路和两种断面形式,经过方案比选探讨,从引水能力和引水量方面提出采用方案一29.78 km隧洞建设方案,隧洞断面形式采用保平底马蹄形断面,可为类似引水工程建设方案选择提供借鉴。     

富尔江引水工程经济效益分析

本文将富尔江历年渠首引水量还原成有效引水量,按大伙房水库每年的各用水量占总用水量的比例对有效引水量进行分摊,计算经济效益,从而对富尔江引水工程进行经济后评价。     

山西省垣曲县李家河引水工程引水量分析计算

介绍了西阳河和李家河引水工程的基本情况。通过计算降水量、地表径流以及基流,得到引水工程坝址上游的来水量,并对来水量进行了月分配,扣除下游生态用水、蒸发渗漏损失水量后,得到不同保证率情况下引水工程的可引水量。通过分析,认为李家河引水工程引水后不会对流域其他用水户的用水造成影响。     

坪上引水工程水源工程施工设计

山西省坪上引水工程是向忻府、定襄和原平三市(区、县)提供城镇生活和工业用水,年引水量1.4亿m3。水源工程是本工程的重要组成部分。本文根据本工程的特点,分析了工程施工设计中的重点和难点,就施工导流、基坑排水和临时边坡防护提出了合理的施工方案设计,并在施工过程中取得了良好的效果。该工程2009年12月主体完工,目前工程运行状况良好,基本满足设计要求。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.