富含有益矿质元素小麦种质资源的筛选及育种利用（网络首发、推荐阅读）

有益矿质元素是人体中不可缺少的营养元素之一。伴随饮食结构的调整,人们对小麦矿质元素营养方面的需求也越来越强烈。因此,筛选低重金属含量高有益矿质元素的小麦种质资源对培育高营养矿质元素、低重金属含量的特色小麦新品种和保证农产品的质量安全具有重要的理论和现实意义。研究以205份小麦种质为材料,对3年2个地点共四个环境下的小麦籽粒进行矿质元素含量的测定及高有益矿质元素和低重金属种质资源的筛选。结果表明,矿质元素含量在不同环境下和不同的小麦品种中都有差异。总体来看,各元素的含量均呈连续分布,是典型的数量性状。小麦籽粒中钙、锰、铜、锌、硒五种矿质元素含量在德州点均显著高于泰安点,而重金属含量总体上泰安点低于德州点。共筛选出单种有益矿质元素含量较高的材料38个,如钙含量最高的材料为B111、铁元素含量最高的材料为B189等;多种有益矿质元素含量都比较高的材料有24个,如B45、B38和B21三个品种的籽粒中同时含有4种高含量的有益矿质元素;高有益矿质元素低有害矿质元素含量的材料共33个,如B125,Ca、Fe、Cu的含量较高而Pb含量低。     

菠萝皮渣营养成分及矿质元素检测分析

对菠萝皮渣中的营养成分及K、P、Mg、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Na、Al、Cu、Ni、Co等矿质元素的含量进行了分析,结果表明:菠萝皮渣中含有丰富的矿质元素、总糖、粗纤维等多种营养成分。菠萝皮渣中不但含有人体所需的P、K、Ca、Mg、Na等常量元素,而且还含有Cu、Zn、Fe、Ni、Mn、Co等人体必需的微量元素。K元素含量最高,P、Mg次之,为进一步研究菠萝皮渣的利用价值提供了依据。     

贵州遵义辣椒矿质元素含量与其品质相关性分析

采集贵州遵义地区辣椒样品,测定辣椒样品的12?种矿质元素（K、Ca、Mg、P、S、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、Mo、Ni、Co）含量与4?种品质指标（辣椒碱、VC、蛋白质、干物质）,探讨辣椒品质与矿质元素的关系,利用主成分分析和聚类分析对辣椒品质进行分析。结果表明：遵义辣椒矿质元素含量呈现K＞P＞S＞Mg＞Ca＞Fe＞Zn＞Mn＞Cu＞Ni＞Mo＞Co的特征。与前人研究结果相比,遵义辣椒的蛋白质、VC、干物质含量高,营养丰富,而辣椒碱含量变化大。辣椒VC与Cu含量呈显著正相关（r=0.584,P＜0.05,n=16）,与K、Ca、Mg、P、S、Zn含量亦呈正相关关系。主成分分析的前2?个主成分解释的总方差贡献率为49.368%,辣椒碱是辣椒品质评价的重要参考指标,K、Mg、P、S、Zn、Cu、Ni、Co为辣椒果实的特征元素。聚类分析结果表明辣椒品质和矿质元素在不同地域间存在差异,同一地域辣椒的品质与矿质元素含量往往相近,辣椒品质存在明显的地域分布特征。     

类乌齐牦牛肉矿质元素含量差异性分析

目的：分析西藏昌都市类乌齐县牦牛肉中矿质元素的含量差异性。方法：本研究以西藏昌都市类乌齐县(卡玛多乡、类乌齐镇、伊日乡、长毛岭乡、岗色乡、桑多镇、宾达乡、尚卡乡、甲桑卡乡、吉多乡)431份牦牛肉为研究对象。采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定牦牛肉中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Se、Sr、Mn、Zn、Fe等9种矿质元素含量。分析不同地域、不同部位牦牛肉中矿质元素含量的差异性。结果：类乌齐牦牛肉不同部位矿质元素存在极显著差异(P<0.01)；类乌齐牦牛肉臀部肉中Ca、Se元素存在极显著差异(P<0.01),Zn、Fe元素存在显著差异(P<0.05)；类乌齐牦牛肉前腿肉中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Se、Mn元素存在显著差异(P<0.05)；类乌齐牦牛肉后腿肉中K、Mg、Se、Zn元素存在极显著差异(P<0.01),Na、Ca存在显著差异(P<0.05)；类乌齐牦牛肉里脊肉中K、Na、Mg元素存在极显著差异(P<0.01),Ca、Mn、Zn元素存在显著差异(P<0.05)；类乌齐牦牛肉腱子肉中K、Mn存在显著差异(P<0.05),Sr、Zn、...     

西藏不同地区畜产品中矿质元素的含量测定及比较分析

摘 要：目的 分析西藏不同地区畜产品中矿质元素的富集规律。本研究以西藏4个地市（拉萨、林芝、日喀则、山南）162份畜产品为研究对象。方法 采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法 (Inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP－MS) 法测定西藏4地市畜产品样品中的Na、Mg、K、Ca、Mn、Fe、Sr、Cu、Zn、Se、Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Hg等15种矿质元素含量。对其所含重金属元素进行测定分析,同时分析不同地区畜产品中矿质元素含量的差异性。结果 各元素均呈良好的线性关系, 相关系数在0.9968~0.9999,畜产品中15种矿质元素检测方法的检出限为0.0000067~0.0638 mg/kg。不同地区畜产品中矿质元素的含量为 K、Na、Mg较高,Ca、Zn、Fe、Cu次之,具有潜在生理毒性的重金属Cd、Pb、Cr、As、Hg含量较低。由4地市畜产品重金属元素检测结果得出,林芝和山南的畜产品中均未检出Cd;日喀则的畜产品中均未检出总As;拉萨和日喀则畜产品中Cd、总Hg均超标。矿物质中由矿质元素含量检测可知,含量最高的常量元素是K,含量均明显高于其它矿质元素,含量最高的微量元素是Fe,。此外,日喀则的畜产品中Mn元素含量均远高于其他它地市。并对不同地区畜产品中矿质元素含量进行分析,明确西藏不同地区畜产品中矿质元素含量的差异。结论 西藏不同地区畜产品中矿质元素含量存在一定差异性。     

澳洲坚果不同种质果仁矿质元素含量分析

以28份澳洲坚果种质为试材,研究不同种质间果仁的8种矿质元素(K、P、Mg、Ca、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu)含量的差异与特点。结果表明,澳洲坚果果仁的矿质元素含量在供试种质之间变化较大,各矿质元素在果仁内的平均含量由高到低依次为KMgPCaMnFeZnCu,K(3.87 g/kg)与Mn(95.91 mg/kg)、Fe(90.58 mg/kg)元素分别为果仁内较为主要的常量与微量元素;根据果仁矿质元素含量对供试种质进行了聚类分析,将28份澳洲坚果种质划分成3个具不同矿质元素含量特点的类群,为评价澳洲坚果种质的果仁矿质营养特性奠定了基础。     

福建10个不同产地‘芙蓉李’果实品质与矿质元素含量的相关性与通径分析

目的 研究福建10个不同产地‘芙蓉李’果实品质与矿质元素含量的关系,分析果实品质与矿质元素含量的地区差异,以及影响各果实品质的主要矿质元素。方法 采集福建10个产地果园的‘芙蓉李’,测定8个品质指标和10种矿质元素含量,利用比较分析、相关分析和通径分析等方法,分析地区间品质和矿质元素含量的差异、相关性和通径系数。结果 不同产地间各果实品质指标、矿质元素含量均存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。相关性分析表明,单果重与N含量呈显著正相关、与Mg含量呈显著负相关,色泽亮度因子L^*与Zn含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.903)、与P含量呈显著正相关(r=0.685),色泽红色因子a^*与Zn呈显著负相关(r=-0.706),色泽黄色因子b^*与Ca含量呈显著正相关(r=0.677)、而与Fe含量呈显著负相关(r=-0.705)。通径分析表明, N对单果重的直接影响最大, P对硬度的直接影响最大, Mn对固酸比的直接影响最大;Zn是对可溶性固形物含量、色泽因子L^*、a^*均具有最大直接影响的元素,Fe是对可滴定酸、色泽因子b^*有最大直接影响的元素,对‘芙蓉李’品质指标直接影响较大的元素还有B、Ca、K等。结论 ‘芙蓉李’果实品质是多种元素共同作用的结果,在生产中应协调好各种矿质元素的配比以提高果实品质,实现优质高效生产。     

蒸制对马铃薯块茎矿质元素含量的影响

【目的】马铃薯块茎中矿质元素是人体矿物质营养的重要来源,分析不同品种块茎蒸煮加工前后矿质元素含量变化规律,筛选出矿质元素营养保存最好的蒸煮温度,为马铃薯块茎蒸煮加工及选择营养强化型加工型品种提供参考依据。【方法】选择西北主栽品种甘农薯7号、甘农薯8号、陇薯3号,冀张薯12号、荷兰品种Inova、Cevisa为供试材料,测定干物质和淀粉含量,并利用ICP-OES(电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪)分别测定块茎在蒸煮前和90℃、100℃、110℃蒸煮后钾(K)、钠(Na)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、锌(Zn)、铁(Fe)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、硫(S)、硅(Si)矿物质含量,分析不同品种之间矿质元素含量的差异,研究不同蒸煮加工温度前后矿质元素变化的规律。【结果】不同品种块茎矿质元素含量存在差异,甘农薯7号与陇薯3号的K、S和Zn含量显著高于其它品种,陇薯3号、甘农薯7号和甘农薯8号的Fe和Mg含量显著高于其它品种,陇薯3号Ca含量高于其它品种,Cevisa与陇薯3号的Si含量显著高于其它品种。各品种矿质元素中K含量最高,介于243.29-373.53 mg/100g之间,S、Mg和Ca含量介于10-30 mg/100g之间,Na含量介于3.80-7.00 mg/100g,Zn、Fe和Mn含量介于0.1-0.9 mg/100g,Cu含量在0.1 mg/100g以下,Si含量介于0.086-1.15 mg/100g。在90℃、100℃和110℃蒸煮加工后块茎中K、Mg、S、Fe、Mn和Si含量均显著高于加工前,而Na和Ca含量较加工前下降,Zn和Cu含量在加工后增加不显著。【结论】马铃薯块茎的最佳蒸煮温度是90-100℃,此温度范围蒸煮后的马铃薯块茎中K、Mg、Fe、Mn和Si含量显著高于加工前;S是马铃薯块茎的重要营养组成成份,蒸煮加工后S含量显著上升。其它矿质元素Na、Ca、Zn和Cu含量在加工前后无显著变化。     

马铃薯块茎不同部位的矿质元素分布规律

为了进一步研究马铃薯块茎不同部位的矿质元素分布规律,提升马铃薯的综合利用价值,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法和酸溶—火焰光度法等国标方法,分别测定了3个马铃薯品种块茎芽眼、薯皮和薯肉共9个部位的干物质和7种矿物质含量。结果表明:采用削皮刀手工去皮时,除芽眼外削掉薯皮占薯块重量的比值平均为8.83%;3个马铃薯品种块茎不同部位的干物质在鲜薯中的含量为107.89～236.39 g/kg,K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe含量分别为2.32～6.50 g/kg、11.36～237.41 mg/kg、38.56～105.79 mg/kg、3.03～16.46 mg/kg、0.94～3.32 mg/kg、1.12～2.22 mg/kg、6.43～51.31 mg/kg,其中K、Ca、Mg、Mn、Fe含量均表现为薯皮>芽眼>薯肉,Zn和干物质含量均表现为芽眼>薯肉>薯皮,Cu含量表现为芽眼>薯皮>薯肉;不同矿质K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu、Fe元素之间存在一定的正向相关性,除脐部薯皮矿质元素含量与顶部和环髓区薯肉的相关性不显著外,其余不同部位的矿质K、Ca、M...     

特殊粒色小麦研究进展

特殊粒色小麦富含蛋白质、氨基酸和对人体有益的微量元素和矿物质,具有较好的加工品质,且籽粒中含有较多的天然色素,应用价值和开发潜力较大。从特殊粒色小麦的种植培育、特性、产品开发利用研究现状及存在问题进行综述,对特殊粒色小麦的应用前景进行了展望,以期为拓宽特殊粒色小麦的开发利用途径提供重要的参考依据。     

Mineral contents of some southern Italian wines. II. Determination of Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Co, As, Rb, Sr, Ag, Sb, Ba

Following our study of the mineral contents of some Southern Italian wines, this work reports on the detection of 12 elemental components. The elements were determined using ICP-AES, flame atomic emission or absorption spectroscopy. The values determined for Li, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Rb, Sr and Ba were within the usual ranges for wines (average values for these elements were: 0.010, 26.2; 94.4; 888; 94.0; 3.30, 0.82 and 0.11 mg/l respectively). All the wines contained low levels of As, the concentrations of which were always under 0.20 mg/l, the maximum level permitted by E.E.C. standards. The measuring of Co, Ag, and Sb led us to ascertain, in all the wines, concentrations lower than 0.01 mg/l for Co and Ag and below the instrumental detection level for Sb (0.06 mg/l). In a previous study wines from D.O.C. areas of Southern Italy were analysed by the technique of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), for 14 minerals. This paper deals with further investigation of the mineral composition of the same wines for different metal constituents, analysed by ICP-AES, flame atomic emission, or atomic-absorption spectroscopy (two techniques). The first technique was applied to the detection of Co, As, Sr, Ag, Sb, and Ba. The alkaline metals Li, Na, K, and Rb were determined by flame atomic emission, a technique which possesses better detection limits for these elements. For Mg and Ca the atomic absorption methods were applied.     

Isolation,Composition, Structure,Properties, Modifications,and Uses of Yam Starch

Starch is the major carbohydrate in yam tubers and can amount up to 80% of the dry matter. The starch quality determines the quality of food and industrial products made from yam tubers. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the isolation, composition, structure, property, modifications, and uses of starches from diverse yam species. Compared with other tuber and root starches, there is a lack of systematic information on the yam starches. This hinders the further development of yams as sustainable crops as well as the value‐added processing of the starches. Therefore, suggestions on how to better understand and utilize these starches are provided.     

卷烟中锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量分析

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定了41个牌号烤烟型卷烟和雪茄烟样品烟丝中的锂、铬、镍、铜、砷、硒、钼、镉、铊和铅含量,并按照类型和价位对卷烟中这10种有害元素含量进行了统计分析。结果发现:①卷烟中锂和铜的含量较高,铊的含量很低,铬、镍、镉、铅、砷、硒和钼7种元素的平均含量为0.55～4.42μg/g;②雪茄烟中铬、镍、砷、钼、镉、铊和铅的含量一般高于烤烟型卷烟,而硒元素的含量则相反,但差别较小;烤烟型卷烟中锂和铜的含量与雪茄烟没有显著差异;③高档卷烟中的锂、镍、镉、铊和铬含量较低,而砷、铅的含量较高;不同价位卷烟的铜、硒和钼含量差异不显著。     

Survey of trace elements (Al,As, Cd,Cr, Co,Hg, Mn,Ni, Pb,Se, and Si) in retail samples of flavoured and bottled waters

Concentrations of eleven trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Si) were measured in 39 (natural and flavoured) water samples. Determinations were performed using graphite furnace electrothermetry for almost all elements (Al, As, Cd, Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Si). For Se determination hydride generation was used, and cold vapour generation for Hg. These techniques were coupled to atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The trace element content of still or sparkling natural waters changed from brand to brand. Significant differences between natural still and natural sparkling waters (p < 0.001) were only apparent for Mn. The Mann–Whitney U-test was used to search for significant differences between flavoured and natural waters. The concentration of each element was compared with the presence of flavours, preservatives, acidifying agents, fruit juice and/or sweeteners, according to the labelled composition. It was shown that flavoured waters generally increase the trace element content. The addition of preservatives and acidifying regulators had a significant influence on Mn, Co, As and Si contents (p < 0.05). Fruit juice can also be correlated to the increase of Co and As. Sweeteners did not provide any significant difference in Mn, Co, Se and Si content.     

The effect of storage of canned juices on content of the metals Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sn, Al, Cd, Sb and Ni

The increase in concentration of iron, copper, zinc, lead, antimony, aluminium, cadmium, tin and nickel over a 2 year's time of juices of peach (prunus persica), pear (pyrus communis), apricot (prunus vulgaris) and apple (malus pumila) was determined. The results show a considerable increase in Fe, Cu, Pb, Zn and Sn with time, while the change in Al, Cd, Ni and Sb is negligible.     

Analysis of cheese for histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophane

A method is described for determining the content of selected biologically active amines (histamine, tyramine, tryptamine) and amino acids (histidine, tyrosine, tryptophane) in cheeses by high performance liquid chromatography. The amines and amino acids were quantified by employing a counter ion-containing mobile phase and by comparing peak areas of high performance liquid chromatography charts for sample cheeses versus standard cheeses containing known amounts of added amines based on dual injections of samples and standards. Recovery of amines and amino acids varied from 87.5 to 111%. Histamine, which has been associated with food poisoning in concentrations of 185 mg/100 g in Swiss cheese and 180 to 500 mg/100 g in fish, was found in concentrations above 500 mg/100 g in Swiss cheese. The high performance liquid chromatography analytical method should be useful for screening to detect cheese samples containing toxic amounts of histamine and for research studies designed to determine the cause and effect relationships for histamine production in cheese.     

In Vitro Digestion of Raw,Roasted, and Pressure-Flaked Corn, ,

We compared raw, roasted, and pressure-flaked com in dry matter and starch digestion studies in vitro. For dry matter digestion, incubations were 1, 4, 8, 16, 24 and 48 h. Dry matter digestion was increased in hours 1 through 24 by processing. Digestion in the 48-h period was decreased by processing which suggests that processing may increase the ease of utilization but not total utilization. Roasting decreased 48-h dry matter digestion more than pressure flaking. Starch digestion with incubations 1, 4, 24, and 48 h favored processed corn at all hours except 4. The 48-h observations from both studies indicate that while processing enhances starch utilization, it impairs utilization of other components in the grain. Prediction equations for dry matter and starch digestion for each corn treatment from length of incubation period and squared length of incubation period had multiple correlations of .96 or greater.     

Mineral contents of some southern Italian wines I. Determination of B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES)

Summary Using a new analytical technique, the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), 51 red and rose wines from D.O.C. areas of Southern Italy were measured for the following 14 elements: B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb.Among these elements the most abundant were Si with an average value of 19.60 mg/l, Fe 5.87 mg/l, B 5.19 mg/l, Al 2.13 mg/l and Mn 1.40 mg/l; Cu, Zn and Sn were present in average quantities between 0.10 and 1.00 mg/l; the remaining elements had average concentrations below 0.10 mg/l.

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Gehalt an Spurenelementen in einigen D.O.C.-Weinen aus Süditalien I. Quantitative Bestimmung von B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb durch ICP Atomemissions-Spektrometrie

Zusammeufassung Unter Anwendung emer neuen analytischen Methode, ICP Atomemissions-Spektrometrie, wurden in 51 Rot- und Rosé-D.O.C.-Weinen aus Süditalien, die folgenden 14 Elemente bestimmt: B, Al, Si, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, Pb.Unter diesen Elementen sind Si mit einem Mittelwert von 19,60 mg/l, Fe mit 5,87 mg/l, B mit 5,19 mg/l, Al mit 2,13 mg/l und Mn mit 1,40 mg/1 die häufigsten. Die mittleren Konzentrationswerte für Cu, Zn und Sn liegen zwischen 0,10 und 1,00 mg/l; während die der restlichen Elemente unter 0,10 mg/l sind.

     

Varied Composition of Tocochromanols in Different Types of Bran: Rye,Wheat, Oat,Spelt, Buckwheat,Corn, and Rice

The profiles of tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3) homologues in 37 samples of seven different types of bran (rye, wheat, oat, spelt, buckwheat, rice, and corn), available on the Polish market, were studied. Tocochromanols were identified and quantified by reverse phase-high-performance liquid chromatograph/fluorescence detector and reverse phase-ultra performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry. Only rice bran contained all eight tocochromanol types. Corn bran lacked β-T3; rye, wheat, oat, and spelt bran lacked γ-T3 and δ-T3; and buckwheat bran lacked β-T3, γ-T3, and δ-T3. In buckwheat and corn bran tocopherols predominated (98 and 78%, respectively); whereas rye, wheat, oat, spelt, and rice bran were rich in tocotrienols (78, 76, 66, 87, and 66%, respectively). The average total tocochromanol contents in the oat, corn, spelt, buckwheat, wheat, rye, and rice bran were 5.5, 16.2, 15.8, 14.7, 12.8, 10.7, and 9.1 mg/100 g of dry weight, respectively. Tocochromanol concentrations in samples of the same type bran from different sources varied considerably. Better labeling of bran products to reflect this variation would assist with control of vitamin E daily dietary requirements.