结合双线性对和DLP的无证书两方认证协议

为解决无线通信网络中不同用户之间的通信安全问题,通常会采用身份认证协议来确保通信双方身份的合法性。该认证协议应能抵抗重放攻击、延时攻击等威胁,同时认证过程中的计算量应尽量小。本文针对SEAHA (secure and efficient handover authentication)认证方案存在的计算量大、不能抵抗伪装攻击的问题提出了一种基于双线性对和离散对数难题（DLP）的无证书两方认证协议。该协议中基站和节点共同生成节点密钥对来抵抗伪装攻击,利用离散对数难题生成会话密钥降低认证过程中的计算量。安全分析和性能分析结果表明,提出协议在保证安全性的前提下,有效降低了认证过程计算量。      

一种基于光子偏振旋转的量子身份认证方案

实际的量子密钥分发过程中,传输损耗和探测器的效率都直接影响密钥的产生效率。量子身份认证需要通信双方保证认证信息的完整性。针对以上问题,提出了一种基于光子偏振旋转的量子身份认证协议,利用对认证信息的重复编码解决传输损耗问题。考虑到协议的安全性,该协议在相邻的有效认证量子态间编入随机态。安全性分析表明该协议可成功抵御截取重发攻击以及光子数劈裂攻击。在此基础上,设计了现有技术条件下可操作的认证系统方案,考虑了传输损耗和探测效率,具有实用意义。     

WSNs中基于秘密共享的身份认证协议

身份认证是无线传感器网络安全的第一道屏障。针对现有无线传感器网络中的身份认证协议的效率和安全问题,基于Shamir门限秘密共享方案提出一种低功耗的身份认证协议。在不降低网络安全性的前提下,通过多个已认证节点对新节点进行身份认证,能够有效的降低认证过程中的计算量。认证过程中使用单向散列函数对通信数据进行加密并且运用时间戳机制抵御重放攻击。分析结果表明协议具有低功耗的特点,并且能够抵御窃听攻击、重放攻击以及少数节点被俘虏的攻击。     

一个新的基于公钥密码机制的安全协议的设计

为了解决网络中的安全传输和通信问题,提出一个新的基于公钥密码机制的安全协议。该安全协议的设计和分析采用了面向主体的逻辑方法。协议中引入了可信任的第三方,采用挑战/响应机制实现通信双方的身份认证,采用Diffie-Hellmam机制实现了密钥协商。通过Rubin逻辑形式化分析,验证了该协议具有一定的严密性,能够实现身份认证和密钥协商功能。     

异构无线网络中基于标识的匿名认证协议

针对异构无线网络中的认证协议的安全问题,提出一种基于CPK算法和改进的ECDH算法的双向认证和密钥协商协议,引入用户的临时认证身份和临时通信身份实现用户的身份匿名;提出采用临时通信身份有序对防止重认证过程中的重放攻击,并且在协议设计中规避了密钥泄漏带来的风险。分析表明该协议具有身份认证、会话密钥安全、匿名性等安全属性。     

协议认证性安全属性测试方法

认证性建立通信双方的信任关系,是安全通信的重要保障.传统的协议测试方法只关注协议功能的正确性,无法满足认证性等安全属性测试的要求.因此,提出了一种针对协议认证性的安全属性测试方法,利用带目标集合的有限状态机模型SPG-EFSM来扩展描述协议安全属性,并在攻击场景分类的基础上设计了认证攻击算法.通过攻击算法找到了Woo-lam协议和μTESLA协议的认证性漏洞,该方法具有可行性、覆盖率高等特点.     

基于Brown态的可认证半量子对话协议

半量子对话在量子通信中具有较强的实用性,其部分用户端无需配备昂贵的量子设备。基于Brown态提出了一个四方的可认证半量子对话协议,并利用广义的Brown态将上述协议推广到多方。通过安全性分析,验证了协议不存在信息泄露问题,且能有效抵抗截获重发攻击、中间人攻击、干扰攻击和特洛伊木马攻击。与同类型协议的分析比较表明,所提协议具有较高的量子通信效率。     

一种改进SVO逻辑的新方法

安全协议的形式化验证能有效检验安全协议的安全性,BAN类逻辑的发展极大的促进了这一领域的研究,而SVO逻辑是BAN类逻辑的佼佼者.本文通过增加和改进SVO逻辑的推理规则以及公理,提出了一种改进SVO逻辑的新方法,使其可以更好的分析认证协议.本文运用改进SVO逻辑对Needham-Schroeder认证协议进行形式化分析,发现改进的SVO逻辑能证明Needham-Schroeder认证协议能够达到预期目标.     

基于Hash函数的RFID改进协议及其仿真

针对现有的Hash链协议存在的安全隐患和效率的问题,提出了一个基于Hash函数的RFID改进认证协议,经过分析该协议可以有效解决重传攻击、跟踪、假冒攻击、前向安全性等安全问题,同时采用Verilog HDL硬件编程语言,对读写器和标签之间的信号流进行仿真。由于在改进协议中仅使用了Hash函数,所以文中提出的改进协议更适合于低成本的RFID系统。     

基于Hash函数的RFID安全认证协议研究

近年来,射频识别(RFID)技术发展非常迅速,未来应用将无处不在.针对RFID应用中存在的安全隐患,分析了了目前有代表性的几个基于Hash函数的RFID安全认证协议的优缺点,比较了各自的安全性,提出了一个基于Hash函数的RFID安全认证协议.该协议引入标签ID动态更新机制,并设计了自同步解决方案,该协议具有防跟踪、不可分辨性、抗重放攻击、哄骗攻击、去同步攻击和拒绝服务攻击,较好地解决了RFID的安全隐患问题,特别适合于低成本、低计算量、大规模的RFID系统.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.