玫瑰核桃乳饮料的研制及香气成分分析

为研究玫瑰核桃乳饮料的最佳工艺,以实现新疆玫瑰与核桃的深加工利用,试验以新疆薄皮核桃温185和玫瑰花为主要原料,通过单因素和正交试验确定玫瑰核桃乳饮料的最佳配方。结果表明:玫瑰核桃乳饮料的最佳配方为核桃10.00%,食盐0.30%,玫瑰2.00%,黄原胶0.10%,单甘脂0.15%,白砂糖添加量10.00%,全脂乳粉添加量8.00%,在此工艺下制得的玫瑰核桃乳饮料组织细腻、均匀稳定、风味独特。此外,还对其香气成分进行检测,结果显示:玫瑰核桃乳饮料香气成分主要集中在酯类和醇类,呈香物质有苯甲酸乙酯、磷酸三乙酯和丁香酚等。     

核桃冰淇淋的研制

以核桃为主要原料,研究了制作冰淇淋的生产工艺及技术要点。通过L9（3^4)、L9(3^3)两次正交试验最终确定了核桃冰淇淋的最佳配方：质量分数核桃乳为10％,蔗糖6％,淀粉糖浆6％,人造奶油8％,明胶0．4％,海藻酸钠0．15％,单革酯0．1％。     

核桃红果乳的研制

以核桃、红：果为主要原料，添加0．45％复合稳定剂。红果浆15％，核桃乳25％．白砂糖15％，pH值3．0为最佳配方，使产品色泽、风味俱佳，组织状态稳定。     

豆乳饮料的稳定性及控制技术研究

对影响豆乳饮料稳定性的因素及其控制措施进行了研究。试验结果表明，复合乳化稳定剂的配方为：单甘酯0．15％，蔗糖酯0．10％，卡拉胶0．05％，CMC 0．05％；影响豆乳饮料风味的因素大小为：奶粉〉蔗糖〉香精，最佳的风殊配方为：奶粉2％，草莓香精2mL，蔗糖10％。     

清爽型玫瑰花乳饮料的研制

以全脂乳粉、玫瑰花汁为主要原料,探讨了清爽型玫瑰花乳饮料的制备工艺条件。通过正交试验,研究了清爽型玫瑰花乳饮料产品配方及乳化稳定剂的复配方案。结果表明：清爽型玫瑰花乳饮料最佳配方为全脂乳粉4．0％、白砂糖10．0％、玫瑰花汁4．0％、蜂蜜1．0％。清爽型玫瑰花乳饮料最佳稳定剂为可溶性大豆多糖0．20％、果胶0．30％、复合磷酸盐0．08％。     

脱脂核桃乳饮料配方的研究

以新疆核桃为原料进行了脱脂核桃乳饮料配方的研究,得出该饮料最佳配方：加水量22倍、蔗糖8%、柠檬酸0.1%、核桃香精0.1%、烘烤核桃仁10%。     

嗜酸乳杆菌发酵嫩黑玉米乳饮料生产工艺的研究

本文以嫩黑玉米和鲜牛奶为主原料，经嗜酸乳杆菌及其它乳酸菌混合发酵后、调配成乳酸发酵饮料，通过各项实验确定出嫩黑玉米液化液的DE值为18％；糖化液与原料乳配比为2．5：1；混合液最佳发酵条件为菌种配比1：1、接种量6％、发酵温度43℃；饮料生产中采用羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC—Na）、黄原胶（XG）和藻酸丙二醇酯（PGA）等组成复合稳定剂，加入量分别为0．3％，0．1％，0．1％；饮料最佳配方为加水百分率为45％、加糖量9％、pH值（柠檬酸调酸）为3．9。     

火麻仁复合蛋白饮料的研制

以全脂乳粉、火麻仁为原料,探讨了火麻仁复合蛋白饮料的制备工艺条件。通过正交试验研究了火麻仁复合蛋白饮料产品配方及乳化稳定剂的复配方案。结果表明:火麻仁复合蛋白饮料最佳配方为全脂乳粉2.0%、火麻仁3.0%、核桃仁1.0%、白砂糖6.0%;火麻仁复合蛋白饮料最佳稳定剂为单,双甘油脂肪酸酯0.04%、蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.05%、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯0.02%、结冷胶0.03%。     

咖啡核桃乳饮料的配方研究

对咖啡核桃乳饮料的生产工艺进行研究,通过单因素及正交试验法对影响产品品质的因素进行探讨,确定了咖啡核桃乳饮料的最佳工艺配方为乳粉14%,核桃浆10%,咖啡6%,柠檬酸0.1%,最佳稳定剂的配比为乳化剂0.20%,黄原胶0.06%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)0.20%,藻酸丙二醇酯(PGA)0.1%。     

番茄、胡萝卜乳酸菌发酵饮料的研制

开发研制新疆地产番茄、胡萝卜混合汁乳酸菌发酵饮料。方法：以优质番茄酱和胡萝卜浓缩汁为原料，用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为菌种，采用四因素三水平正交实验，确定中间种子扩大液、发酵液及发酵饮料口感稳定性的最佳工艺配方。结果：用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌按1：1比例作为菌种；种子扩大液的最佳配方：番茄、胡萝卜混合汁配比3：7，2％葡萄糖，2％脱脂乳，3％接种量；发酵液最佳配方：番茄、胡萝卜混合汁配比3：7，发酵温度41℃，发酵时间24h，接种量3％；发酵饮料调配最佳配方；发酵原液中添加蔗糖5％，柠檬酸0．02％，耐酸羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC-Na）0．2％，黄原胶0．03％。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the