中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱的性能分析

对外管为方形中空截面或者圆形中空截面,内管为圆形中空截面的夹层钢管混凝土短柱的抗压性能进行了有限元分析。通过与一系列由不同研究者进行的试验数据进行对比,以证实有限元建模的有效性。归纳了平均应力与纵向应变的典型曲线、混凝土应力曲线、混凝土和钢管的交互曲线以及空心率对CFDST短柱性能的影响。对影响复合柱截面性能的重要参数也进行了分析。     

Concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns subjected to long-term sustained loading

This paper carried out a series of tests on concrete-filled double skin steel tubes (CFDST) columns under long-term sustained loading condition. The test process included two stages, i.e. long-term service test and ultimate strength test. Numerical models on analysis of the CFDST column under long-term sustained loading were presented. A comparison of results calculated using these models showed generally good agreement with the test results. Additionally, a detailed analysis was performed to analyse the long-term behaviour of CFDST columns. Finally, simplified formula for calculating the ultimate strength of CFDST columns subjected to long-term sustained loading was proposed.     

Behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns subjected to axially local compression

The behaviour of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) stub columns subjected to axially local compression was experimentally investigated in this paper. A total of thirty-two specimens were tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) sectional types: circular and square; (2) local compression area ratio (concrete cross-sectional area to local compression area): 1.44 and 16; and (3) thickness of the endplate: from 2 to 12 mm. A finite element analysis modelling was used for the analysis of CFST stub columns subjected to axially local compression, and a comparison of results calculated using this modelling shows generally good agreement with the test results. The theoretical modelling was then used to investigate the mechanism of the composite columns subjected to axially local compression.     

Analysis of circular concrete-filled double skin tubular slender columns with external stainless steel tubes

This paper investigates the strength and behaviour of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) slender columns under axial compression. The lean duplex stainless steel material (EN 1.4162) which has recently gained significant attention is considered herein as the external jacket of such columns. Finite element (FE) analyses of several CFDST columns are conducted. Careful consideration is taken in the modelling for the concrete behaviour, for which both of the compressive and the tensile behaviours and the non-linear behaviour due to cracking are fully considered. The accuracy of the current FE models is ensured through the comparison with the existing columns in literature. A parametric study is then conducted to investigate the behaviour of such columns under different affecting factors; the slenderness ratio, the concrete confinement effect, the hollow ratio, the concrete compressive strength and the thickness ratio. The behavioural differences between intermediate length and very long CFDST columns are carefully addressed. Analytically obtained ultimate strengths are compared with design strengths calculated by European and American specifications. European design strength is found to give better predictions compared to the American specifications. However, it is shown that both strengths cannot be used in design because they overestimate the ultimate strengths and thereby do not satisfy the safety requirements. Therefore, a modification is suggested to the European design model which is shown to be able to estimate the compressive resistance of the CFDST columns more accurately than other methods.     

初始荷载下中空钢管混凝土柱轴向强度

与传统的钢管混凝土柱相比,中空钢管混凝土(CFDST)柱具有很多优点,诸如自重轻和良好的循环性能。CFDST柱可能被用于桥梁,高层建筑,高架桥和输电塔结构中。内外钢管将承担来自上部结构和浇筑的湿混凝土的初始荷载。由这些初始荷载造成的钢管初应力和变形会影响CFDST构件的性能。因此,对外钢管单独承担初始荷载和内外钢管同时承担初始荷载时,CFDST柱的轴力性能进行讨论。建立通用的有限元模型预测钢管负荷时CFDST柱的性能。通过承担初始荷载和不承担初始荷载的CFDST柱的试验结果对该有限元模型进行验证。讨论初始荷载水平、长细比、空心率和材料强度对轴向强度的影响。最后,给出初始荷载下的CFDST柱的极限强度计算公式。     

夹层钢管混凝土梁-柱在循环荷载作用下的性能分析

夹层钢管混凝土(CFDST)在桥梁和建筑的建设中具有很大的潜能。轴力和循环加载的弯曲荷载作用下,弯矩曲率曲线(M-(?)),柱侧向荷载-侧移曲线(P-Δ)模型的研究信息非常有限。建立了一个力学模型,用于分析轴向恒荷载和循环加载的弯曲荷载作用下的CFDST梁-柱。预测的组合梁柱的循环反应性能与试验结果一致。基于这个理论模型,对组合梁柱有关弯矩曲率曲线(M-(?)),侧向荷载-侧移曲线(P-Δ)的性能进行了参数分析。最后,提出了计算弯矩曲率曲线(M-(?)),侧向荷载-侧移曲线(P-Δ)的简化模型。     

Fire performance of self-consolidating concrete filled double skin steel tubular columns: Experiments

An investigation into the fire performance of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) filled double skin tubular columns (CFDST) during the standard fire test is reported. Six full size SCC filled CFDST columns were designed for the fire tests. Detail failure modes of overall specimens and each component in the columns as well as temperatures, deformation and fire endurance were presented. Fire performance of the CFDST columns were studied through analysis of the limiting temperature of the outer tube, composite action between steel and concrete and effect of a number of parameters on the fire endurance. It showed that the limiting temperature in the CFDST columns is significantly higher than that in concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) columns or critical temperature in steel structural components. Strong evidence was found to prove the existence of composite action between steel and concrete in the CFDST columns during fire exposure. Effect of a number of parameters on the fire endurance of the composite columns was identified. Investigation into the fire performance of the columns also reveals possible solutions to improve the fire resistance of CFDST members.     

FE modelling and fire resistance design of concrete filled double skin tubular columns

Concrete filled double skin tubular columns (CFDST) have excellent structural behaviour. They have been used as transmission towers and have potential to be used as building columns and bridge piers. Performance of the CFDST columns under ambient temperature has been well studied, whereas fire resistance of such columns is still a major concern. A summary of a series of fire tests on CFDST columns conducted by the authors is briefly presented in the paper. A finite element numerical model is developed to analyse the fire behaviour of CFDST columns, namely thermal and structural responses under fire exposure. The model is verified by the test results and then used to perform parametric analyses. Parameters which have significant effect on the fire behaviour of CFDST columns are identified. Based on the parametric studies, suggestions on the fire resistance design of such columns are made. Practical design tables are derived for the fire resistance design of some typical CFDST columns.     

Experimental behaviour of stiffened concrete-filled thin-walled hollow steel structural (HSS) stub columns

Test results on concrete-filled steel tubular stub columns with inner or outer welded longitudinal stiffeners under axial compression are presented in this paper. The research was mainly focused on square hollow section (SHS) columns; two rectangular hollow section (RHS) columns were also tested. A longitudinal stiffener was provided on each side of the stiffened SHS column, while only two stiffeners were welded to the longer sides of the stiffened RHS column. The main experimental parameters considered were the height-to-thickness ratio and stiffener rigidity. In addition, empty tubes with or without stiffeners, as well as unstiffened concrete-filled steel tubes were also tested for comparison. Requirements for stiffener rigidity are developed by modifying a formula presented in the literature. Existing theoretical model and design codes were used to predict the load versus axial strain relationships and load-carrying capacities of the adequately stiffened composite sections respectively; reasonable results were achieved.     

Behaviour of tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) stub columns

Recently, tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular (CFDST) columns have been applied in electricity transmission towers in China. However, there is still lack of information on the behaviour of such kind of members. This paper thus carried out the investigation on axially loaded tapered CFDST stub columns. The parameters included the tapered angle and the sectional profile. A finite element analysis (FEA) model was developed to predict the behaviour of the tapered member as well. The results showed that the steel tubes and the sandwiched concrete could work together well despite the tapered angle. The failure mode of the tapered CFDST stub column was similar to that of the straight one, and the failure occurred near the smallest section. The confinement effect of the tapered member was discussed by using the stress analysis. Finally, formulas were suggested for the calculation on the ultimate strength of the tapered CFDST stub column.     

Tests and calculations for hollow structural steel (HSS) stub columns filled with self-consolidating concrete (SCC)

The behaviour of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) filled hollow structural steel (HSS) stub columns subjected to an axial load was investigated experimentally. A total of 50 specimens were tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) sectional types: circular and square; (2) steel yielding strength: from 282 to 404 MPa; and (3) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t or B/t): from 30 to 134.A mechanics model is developed in this paper for concrete-filled HSS stub columns. A unified theory is described whereby a confinement factor (ξ) is introduced to describe the composite action of the steel tube and the filled concrete. The predicted load versus deformation relationship was in good agreement with test results. The theoretical model was used to investigate the influence of important parameters that determine the ultimate strength of the composite columns. The parametric and experimental studies provide information for the development of formulae for the calculation of the ultimate strength and the axial load versus axial strain curves of the composite columns. Comparisons are made with predicted stub column strengths using the existing codes, such as ACI-1999, AISC-LRFD-1999, AIJ-1997, BS5400-1979 and EC4-1994.     

Post-fire bond between the steel tube and concrete in concrete-filled steel tubular columns

Push-out tests were carried out on 64 concrete-filled steel tubular columns, which had been exposed to ISO 834 standard fire for 90 min or 180 min, respectively. At the same time, 12 unheated specimens were also prepared and tested for comparison. The variables investigated in the bond tests were selected as (a) fire exposure time; (b) cross-section type; (c) cross-sectional dimension; (d) interface length to diameter (or width) ratio; (e) concrete type; (f) fly ash type; and (g) concrete curing condition. The effects of the above different parameters on the bond behaviour are discussed. The test results indicate that fire exposure had a significant effect on the bond between a steel tube and its concrete core. A decrease in bond strength was generally observed for specimens after a fire exposure of 90 min; however, bond strength recovery was found when the fire exposure time was extended to 180 min. Other factors also had influence to some extent.     

Nonlinear analysis of concrete-filled square stainless steel stub columns under axial compression

Concrete-filled stainless steel tubes (CFSST) can be considered as a new and innovative kind of composite construction technique, and have the potential to be used extensively in civil engineering. This paper employs a nonlinear analysis of square CFSST stub columns under axial compression. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) model is developed using ABAQUS, where nonlinear material behaviour, enhanced strength corner properties of steel, and initial geometric imperfections are included. Close agreement is achieved between the test and FE results in terms of load-deformation response and ultimate strength. In light of the numerical results, the behaviour of stainless steel composite columns is compared with that of carbon steel composite columns. A simple model is proposed to calculate the ultimate strength of square CFSST stub columns.     

Experimental behavior of circular concrete-filled steel tube stub columns

This paper presented an experimental study on the behavior of circular, concrete-filled, steel tube (CFT) stub columns with self-compacting concrete (SCC) and normal concrete (NC) concentrically loaded in compression to failure. Four measurement methods on the axial deformation of specimens were compared. Seventeen specimens were tested to investigate the effects of concrete strength, notched holes or slots, and different loading conditions on the ultimate capacity and the load-deformation behavior of the columns. The behavior of these stub columns in confinement was discussed.It is concluded that for the specimens with the entire section loaded, strain gauges with different dimensions could record the strains of the steel tubes, and electronic displacement transducers with certain gauge lengths could record the axial displacement. By using higher strength concrete, the specimens with the entire section loaded experienced a significant increase in the ultimate capacity, but their residual capacity after failure is almost constant. However, once the steel tube was notched, the axial compressive stiffness of specimens was reduced; in some cases the ultimate capacity was also reduced, and the steel tube acted more as a transverse confinement than an axial compression component. Eurocode 4 predicted a reasonable capacity for the unnotched CFT stub columns with both SCC and NC if the entire section of the specimen is loaded.     

Behaviour of short and slender concrete-filled stainless steel tubular columns

In this paper, a series of tests were carried out on short and slender concrete-filled stainless steel tubular columns to explore their performance under axial compression or combined actions of axial force and bending moment. Empty short steel hollow sections were also tested for comparison. The test results showed that the performance of the composite columns was quite good and have the potential to be used extensively as structural members. Comparisons of the test results were also made with several existing design methods for conventional concrete-filled carbon steel tubular columns as presented in Australian standard AS 5100 (2004), American code AISC (2005), Chinese code DBJ/T 13-51-2010 (2010), and Eurocode 4 (2004), which indicates that all the codes are somewhat conservative in predicting the load-carrying capacities of both short and slender columns.     

局部加载下中空夹层钢管混凝土的试验研究

对局部受压下的中空夹层钢管混凝土进行试验研究。分别对含内外两层钢管的14个圆形构件和15个方形试件进行试验,试验参数包含:空心率、顶端板厚度、局压面积比。结果表明:局部受压下中空夹层钢管混凝土呈现延性。各试验参数对局部受压中空夹层钢管混凝土短柱的性能和破坏模型有很大影响。最后,提出分析局部受压下中空夹层钢管混凝土承载力的简化计算模型。     

圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土偏压构件受力性能研究

将圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土用于风电塔筒或输电塔架时,为满足在塔筒内设置设备等需求而将该类构件空心部分加大。为研究该类构件的偏压受力性能,进行了12个大空心率下的圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土偏心受压构件的试验研究,主要试验参数为荷载偏心率和长细比。利用ABAQUS软件建立有限元分析模型,对圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土偏心受压构件的典型破坏模态和荷载-变形关系曲线进行模拟,所得计算结果与试验结果基本吻合。通过典型算例分析了受力过程中钢管和混凝土各自所承担的荷载和纵向应力分布情况,同时分析了内、外钢管与混凝土之间相互作用力的变化情况。结果表明：偏心率和长细比对圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土偏心受压构件承载力及刚度有显著影响;该类构件力学行为与等截面圆中空夹层钢管混凝土偏心受压构件类似,锥度的存在使破坏位置从等截面柱的中部上移到锥形柱的3/4柱高处(柱顶处),因此在设计大空心率圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土偏压(压弯)构件时应考虑柱头处加强。同时,对该类构件压弯承载力计算方法给出了建议。     

Numerical modelling of the axial compressive behaviour of short concrete-filled elliptical steel columns

This paper investigates the axial compressive behaviour of short concrete-filled elliptical steel columns using the ABAQUS/Standard solver, and a new confined concrete stress-stain model for the concrete-filled elliptical steel hollow section is proposed. The accuracy of the simulation and the concrete stress-strain model was verified experimentally. The stub columns tested consist of 150 × 75 elliptical hollow sections (EHSs) with three different wall thicknesses (4 mm, 5 mm and 6.3 mm) and concrete grades C30, C60 and C100. The compressive behaviour, which includes the ultimate load capacity, load versus end-shortening relationship and failure modes, were obtained from the numerical models and compared against the experimental results, and good agreements were obtained. This indicated that the proposed model could be used to predict the compressive characteristics of short concrete-filled elliptical steel columns.     

Behavior of thin walled steel tube confined concrete stub columns subjected to axial local compression

The behavior of thin walled steel tube confined concrete (STCC) stub columns subjected to axial local compression was experimentally investigated in this paper. A total of 46 specimens, including 36 STCC specimens and 10 plain concrete specimens, were tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) sectional types: circular and square; (2) local compression area ratio (concrete cross-sectional area to local compression area): from 1 to 25; (3) steel tube width (or diameter)-to-wall thickness ratio, B(or D)/t, from 52.1 to 104.7. It was found that the ultimate bearing strength of the composite sections decreases with increase local compression area ratio. The confinement action of the steel tube to core concrete and the ultimate strength of the locally loaded STCC specimens decrease with increase in steel tube width (or diameter)-to-thickness ratio. It was also found that, generally, circular steel tubes have higher confinement to their concrete core than those of the tubes with square sections when the composite members are subjected to axially local compression.     

Behavior of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular columns with octagon section under axial compression

Based on some conclusions of two kinds of concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDSST) members with circular or square sections, a new kind of CFDSST with octagonal section, where the outer tube has an octagonal section and the inner tube has a circular section, is proposed in this paper. Behaviors of the CFDSST members with octagon section subjected to axial compression are investigated, and some curves of load-strain of steel tubes and confined concrete and the bearing capacity of members are obtained. It is indicated that the bearing capacity of the columns with octagonal section is larger than that with square section and is smaller than that with circular section, and the bearing capacity of members is related to the ratio of the straight side to the bevelled one. Based on the proper stress-strain relationship, a couple of numerical analyses are made using the finite element software named ANSYS. Finally, a simplified formula is proposed in the paper, and the numerical results agree well with the experimental results and the mathematical solutions. The results are valuable for engineers. __________ Translated from China Civil Engineering Journal, 2007, 40(2): 33–38 [译自: 土木工程学报]