亚硫酰氯法合成2—氯代苯并噻唑

采用２－巯基苯并噻唑和亚硫酰氯为原料合成２－氯代苯并噻唑,反应的最佳配比为：２－氯代苯并噻唑：亚硫酰氯（ｍｏｌ／ｍｏｌ）＝１：１．０５,最佳反应温度为１１５℃,催化剂用量为２－巯基苯并噻唑用量的８‰,２－氯代苯并噻唑的收率为９６．７％,较文献值高约８％,纯度≥９８％。     

2-氯代苯并噻唑的合成研究

选用新的相转移催化剂,采用2—巯基苯并噻唑和亚硫酰氯为原料合成2—氯代苯并噻唑∶缩短了反应时间,简化了操作,反应的最佳摩尔比为2—氯代苯并噻唑∶亚硫酰氯=1∶1.2,最佳反应温度为115℃,催化剂用量为2—巯基苯并噻唑重量的0.5％,2—氯代苯并噻唑的收率为92.7％。     

2-乙硫基苯并噻唑的合成研究

提出了以2-巯基苯并噻唑为原料,碱的醇溶液为反应介质,与溴乙烷反应合成2-乙硫基苯并噻唑的新方法。并探讨了反应温度、时间、碱溶液的浓度对反应收率的影响。优化条件为:70℃反应1.5 h,NaOH溶液浓度为30%。优化条件下2-乙硫基苯并噻唑收率为86.73%(以2-巯基苯并噻唑计)。工艺原料廉价易得,操作简单。     

亚硫酰氯法合成2氯代苯并噻唑

采用２ 巯基苯并噻唑和亚硫酰氯为原料合成２ 氯代苯并噻唑,反应的最佳配比为：２ 氯代苯并噻唑∶亚硫酰氯（ｍｏｌ／ｍｏｌ） ＝ １∶１ ．０５ , 最佳反应温度为１１５ ℃, 催化剂用量为２ 巯基苯并噻唑用量的８ ‰,２ 氯代苯并噻唑的收率为９６－７ ％ , 较文献值高约８ ％ , 纯度≥９８ ％ 。     

2-巯基苯并噻唑氧化合成苯并噻唑

以2-巯基苯并噻唑为原料,用双氧水进行氧化合成苯并噻唑,从反应原料的含量、反应温度、氢氧化钠含量、酸化时间4个方面优化了合成工艺。结果表明,优化反应条件为:50 mmol双氧水滴加到溶解有25 mmol 2-巯基苯并噻唑的100 mL浓度为0.25 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液中进行氧化,双氧水的滴加时间为30～40 min;反应温度为60～65℃;酸化时间为50～60 min,苯并噻唑收率为85%。     

苯噻氰

苯噻氰是一种性能优良的杀菌剂,有3种常见合成方法,包括2种2-巯基苯并噻唑法和1种氯甲基化法。一种2-巯基苯并噻唑法是用2-巯基苯并噻唑与溴氯甲烷反应生成2-氯甲基硫代苯并噻唑,2-氯甲基硫代苯并噻唑再与硫氰化钠反应得到苯噻氰;另一种2-巯基苯并噻唑法是先将溴氯甲烷与硫氰化钠反应生成硫氰酸氯甲酯,然后硫氰酸氯甲酯与2-巯基苯并噻唑反应得到苯噻氰。氯甲基化法是先用2-巯基苯并噻唑与多聚甲醛和氯化氢反应生成2-氯甲基硫代苯并噻唑,2-氯甲基硫代苯并噻唑再与硫氰化钠反应得到苯噻氰。     

2-苯并噻唑磺酰氯的合成

以2-巯基苯并噻唑和10%次氯酸钠溶液为原料合成2-苯并噻唑磺酰氯。优化反应条件:当n(2-巯基苯并噻唑)∶n(次氯酸钠)=1.00∶6.12,反应温度为-10℃,反应时间6 h,优化条件下产物收率达85.8%,其结构经ESI-MS和1H NMR确证。     

2-甲胺基苯并噻唑合成新工艺

本文改进了2-甲胺基苯并噻唑合成工艺,采用在浓硫酸和溴化物存在下合环反应得产物,可使反应条件得到改善,产率得到提高。     

二硫化二苯并噻唑的催化合成

以2-巯基苯并噻唑和氨水为原料,双氧水作氧化剂,经催化剂A进行催化,合成了二硫化二苯并噻唑。通过考察催化剂种类、催化剂用量、氨水用量、物料配比、反应时间和反应温度对产率的影响,得出适宜的工艺条件为:选用催化剂A,用量为2-巯基苯并噻唑的1%,氨的加入量为n(2-巯基苯并噻唑)∶n(氨水)=1∶6.0,双氧水用量为n(2-巯基苯并噻唑)∶n(双氧水)=2∶1.2,反应时间3 h,反应温度50℃。在此条件下,二硫化二苯并噻唑的产率为90.7%,熔点为165.3~168.7℃。二硫化二苯并噻唑粗品通过甲苯进行一次重结晶后,熔点可达173.6~175℃。     

2—甲胺基苯并噻唑合成新工艺

本文改进了２－甲胺基苯并噻唑合成工艺，采用在浓硫酸和溴化物存在下合环反应得产物，可使反应条件得到改善，产率得到提高。     

A Review of Contemporary Views of Theories of Adhesion

The once distinct and independent theories of adhesion have been losing their isolation and converging. Ideas of the effects of surface roughness, once dismissed as irrelevant except in the case of textiles, have been revised; albeit on a smaller scale as details of surfaces have been revealed by sophisticated techniques. Electrostatic interactions across an interface have been more deeply explored and their significance recognised and expounded. Diffusion of groupings and chain segments within a polymer have been related to the possibilities of interaction with a variety of surfaces. Perhaps most important, theories of adsorption have been extended in depth. The precise nature of the molecular interactions have been recognised and quantified. In doing this the contribution of diffusion and elastoplastic phenomena have been integrated. These developments are collated and analysed to present the present understanding of the concepts.     

A Review of Contemporary Views of Theories of Adhesion

The once distinct and independent theories of adhesion have been losing their isolation and converging. Ideas of the effects of surface roughness, once dismissed as irrelevant except in the case of textiles, have been revised; albeit on a smaller scale as details of surfaces have been revealed by sophisticated techniques. Electrostatic interactions across an interface have been more deeply explored and their significance recognised and expounded. Diffusion of groupings and chain segments within a polymer have been related to the possibilities of interaction with a variety of surfaces. Perhaps most important, theories of adsorption have been extended in depth. The precise nature of the molecular interactions have been recognised and quantified. In doing this the contribution of diffusion and elastoplastic phenomena have been integrated. These developments are collated and analysed to present the present understanding of the concepts.     

Structural,mechanical, and gas barrier properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanohybrid using nanotalc

Amorphous poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/nanotalc nanohybrids have been prepared through solution casting route. The fine dispersion of nanotalc clay in the polymer matrix has been examined through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The intercalation and interaction of nanoclay have further been confirmed using X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet, and Fourier transform infrared techniques. The thermal stability has been tested via thermogravimetric analysis and nanohybrids have been found thermally stable. The glass-transition temperature has been further confirmed through DTA and differential scanning calorimetry analysis which has been increased in the presence of nanotalc arising from greater interaction. The nanohybrids have been tested for their mechanical performances and have been found to have improved mechanical responses for nanotalc-filled nanohybrids. The modulus has been increased whereas toughness has been compromised meagerly. The modulus values have been theoretically predicted using various micromechanical models. The microhardness of the nanohybrids has been examined through Vicker hardness test. The theoretical prediction of the hardness values has been done using different micromechanical models. The structural development upon uniaxial stretching of the samples has been studied using small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle ray diffraction. The stretched samples have found to have short-range ordering as well as increased blob size and better coherency in the presence of nanotalc. The aspect ratio has been increased upon stretching. The inclusion of nanotalc has induced high barrier for gas permeation as compared to pure PET. The oxygen transmission rate has been found to decrease up to 64% for 8 wt % of filler concentration. The prediction of the permeability data has been done using different models considering different aspect ratios. The permeability values have been predicted very closely and nanohybrids have been found suitable for practical applications such as packaging. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 137, 48607.     

关于陶瓷墙地砖的深加工及其机械

本文简要回顾了陶瓷墙地砖深加工的工艺理论和机械设备。对陶瓷墙地砖深加工的自动抛光生产线和组成生产线的工艺单机作了一般介绍。指出设计陶瓷墙地砖深加工工艺单机时要注意的主要问题,并提供了解决这些问题的方法。     

INVITED REVIEW ABSORPTION OF NOX GASES

Oxidation of nitric oxide is an important step in NO_x absorption. Recent advances namely catalytic oxidation and the use of slrong oxidizing agents have been reviewed. The refinements which have been made in the kinetics of NO oxidation have been discussed. Several liquid phase absorbents have been suggested for the NO removal, particularly for the purpose of pollution abatement. Different models for NO oxidation using nitric acid have been analysed and the limitations of published information have been brought out.

Absorption of tetravalent nitrogen oxide (NO₂ and N₂O₄) has received considerable attention. The absorbents include water, nitric and sulfuric acids, sodium hydroxide, sodium sulfite and sodium chlorite. Absorption in water and nitric acid is important in the manufacture of nitric acid. The published information on the mechanism of NO₂ and N₂O₄ absorption in water has been critically analysed. The problem of nitrous acid decomposition has been analysed on the basis of film theory. The predictions agree favourably with the available experimental data.

A new mathematical model has been developed for a packed column. Performance charts have been prepared which take into account the effects of concentration of nitric acid, superficial liquid velocity, temperature and the partial pressures of various components. A simplified model on the basis of NO oxidation has also been presented.

Various process design aspects have been discussed in detail. Optimum values for various operating parameters exist and basis for their selection has been explained. Some engineering aspects such as the selection of equipment and material of construction have also been discussed. A comparison between semi-batch and continuous modes of operation has been presented. The problem of the manufacture of pure nitrites has been analysed

Specific recommendations have been made regarding the use of equations and procedures in design. The knowledge gaps have been clearly brought out and suggestions have been made for future work     

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE CENTRAL PLUME VELOCITY FOR THE CORRELATION OF LIQUID PHASE MIXING IN BUBBLE COLUMNS

The knowledge of the flow patterns of each phase of bubble column reactors is of considerable importance for the rational design and scale-up. The hydrodynamic models for the liquid phase have been reviewed. The models have been based on some form of pressure balance or energy balance. These two approaches have been compared and recommendations have been made regarding the range of applicability of the individual models. A comparison between the predicted and the experimental liquid velocities has been presented whenever possible. The range of variables has been pointed out for which further investigations are needed. The empirical and theoretical models for the mixing behavior of the different phases of bubble column reactors have also been reviewed.     

The Application of Biocatalysis in the Preparation and Resolution of Morita-Baylis-Hillman Adducts and Their Derivatives

The Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction affords highly functionalised allylic alcohols containing a new stereogenic centre. These MBH adducts are very versatile and have been transformed into a large range of products, some of which have medicinal potential. Several examples of asymmetric syntheses of MBH adducts have been reported, although a generally applicable method remains to be developed. Biocatalytic approaches for the synthesis and enzymatic kinetic resolution of MBH adducts have been reported, and are discussed in detail in this review. Enzymes able to catalyse the asymmetric MBH reaction have been identified, but selectivity and efficiency have generally been low. Lipases, esterases and nitrile-converting enzymes have all been successfully applied in the resolution of MBH adducts, with excellent selectivity being realised in most cases.     

水处理除盐系统出力不足的原因分析及处理措施

针对郑州热电厂五期补给水处理一级除盐系统酸碱耗大、自用水率高、出力严重不足等问题，对现场进行了调查研究，分析了主要原因，并提出了相应的处理措施，最终使问题得以解决。     

Vapor-liquid equilibria in the system of glycidol synthesis products

Vapor-Liquid equilibrium (VLE) data have been calculated for systems made up by glycidol synthesis products and have been compared with data available from the literature. The VLE data reported for the systems have been optimized using the NRTL and UNIQUAC models, and the model parameters and their accuracy have been estimated. The VLE in binary and multicomponent systems has been simulated.     

Liquid-liquid equilibrium studies for separation of aromatics

Liquid-liquid equilibrium studies have been carried out on 11 solvents using two binary hydrocarbon mixtures for selective extraction of aromatics. The solvents used have been compared on the basis of selectivity, solvent capacity and tie line correlation curves. Tie line data have been determined for 18 systems. The selectivity and solvent power of solvents as obtained from limiting activity coefficient and tie line data have been compared. The selectivity and capacity of solvents have been related to their structure through an empirical parameter.