汽车磁流变半主动悬架控制策略对比研究

在分析磁流变减振器的结构与原理的基础上,建立起较为简化的汽车磁流变减振器数学模型。同时,建立了1/4汽车半主动悬架系统动力学模型及路面谱模型;分别设计了基于磁流变半主动悬架系统的天棚控制器、地棚控制器、PID控制器及模糊控制器,并利用Matlab/Simulink软件进行了仿真试验对比研究。在天棚控制策略下,车身加速度降低16.32%,悬架动挠度降低16.91%;在地棚控制下,车身加速度降低11.29%,悬架动挠度降低2.94%;在PID控制下,车身加速度降低79%,悬架动挠度反而上升73%;在模糊控制下,车身加速度降低21%,悬架动挠度降低12%,轮胎动载荷降低5%。结果表明,模糊控制磁流变半主动悬架有效减小了车身加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎动载荷,明显地提高了汽车乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性。     

汽车磁流变半主动悬架混合天棚控制仿真

设计开发有效的控制策略是实现半主动悬架功能的关键。在分别对天棚控制和地棚控制半主动悬架的工作域分析的基础上,兼顾天棚控制和地棚控制各自优点,提出并设计了一种混合天棚半主动悬架控制算法,建立了汽车半主动悬架系统动力学模型,进行了磁流变减振器的力学试验建模,开展了磁流变半主动悬架的混合天棚控制仿真分析。结果表明,相对于被动悬架,混合天棚控制半主动悬架的簧载质量加速度降低了9.4%,悬架动挠度降低了20%,轮胎动载荷降低了3.2%。混合天棚控制半主动悬架不仅能够降低簧载质量加速度,同时明显减小了悬架动挠度和轮胎动载荷,提高了汽车的平顺性和操纵稳定性。     

基于Carsim的整车半主动悬架PID控制研究

本文建立了七自由度整车半主动悬架系统的动力学模型,并提出了评价悬架性能的三个指标:车身加速度、悬架动行程、轮胎动载荷。为了满足悬架的三个性能指标,本文在悬架的垂直、侧倾和俯仰三个方向上设计了三个PID控制器,并分配到汽车的四个作动器上。为了验证PID控制器的有效性,本文以随机粗糙路面为例,在Carsim中建立整车模型和路面模型,在Simulink中设计PID控制器,两者进行联合仿真。结果表明,相比于被动悬架,PID半主动悬架可以保证汽车在行驶过程中的平顺性和乘客乘坐的舒适性。     

车辆半主动悬架的LQG控制与仿真研究

在建立路面和1/4车辆模型的基础上,应用最优控制理论对车辆悬架进行了LQG半主动控制,将被动、半主动悬架的车身加速度、悬架动挠度及轮胎动位移指标进行了对比分析.仿真结果表明,采用LQG控制的半主动悬架对车辆行驶平顺性和乘坐舒适性具有良好的改善效果.     

一种汽车磁流变半主动悬架的研制

为了改善车辆平顺性和行驶安全性,设计了一种基于单出杆式磁流变减振器的汽车半主动悬架。在分析传统的磁流变减振器力学模型的基础上,提出了一种改进的磁流变减振器多项式模型,试制了磁流变减振器样机,进行了磁流变减振器的力学特性试验,设计了半主动悬架天棚控制器、地棚控制器和LQG控制器,进行了不同控制策略的对比仿真分析,开发了磁流变半主动悬架试验测试系统,开展了该磁流变半主动悬架的LQG控制台架试验测试。结果表明,所研制的磁流变减振器耗能效果良好,能够最大限度地发挥振动衰减功能。与被动悬架相比,在4Hz和5Hz正弦激励下磁流变半主动悬架的簧载质量加速度分别降低15.80%和23.36%,在随机路面激励下簧载质量加速度降低19.46%。     

车辆主动悬架的模糊PID控制仿真

根据某车型悬架参数,建立了1/4车主动悬架Matlab/Simulink模型,选择簧载质量加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎动载荷作为控制目标量,采用模糊PID复合控制技术,针对该悬架模糊控制模型的设计及仿真。仿真结果表明:与被动控制、PID控制的悬架系统性能相比,该控制策略系统的簧载质量加速度和轮胎动载荷有了显著降低,有效改善了乘坐舒适性。     

基于BP神经网络模糊PID的主动悬架控制研究

为了提高汽车的乘坐舒适性,抑制因路面不平引起的汽车振动,利用多体动力学软件ADAmS建立某SUV整车模型,利用mATLAB设计了一种BP神经网络模糊PID主动悬架控制器,并与模糊PID控制器进行仿真对比,深入研究模糊PID控制器及BP神经网络模糊PID主动悬架控制器控制效果。研究发现,采用提出的BP神经网络模糊PID主动控制策略后,汽车悬架系统的车身加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎动变形分别比被动控制下降了36.3%、25.1%和12.0%,而采用模糊PID控制策略只下降了34.3%、19.1%和10.4%。这说明所提出的BP神经网络模糊PID控制策略具有更加优异的主动悬架控制效果。     

能量可再生的新型汽车半主动悬架系统研究

介绍了一种采用功率电传方式的作动器,提出了基于EHA的可能量再生的新型汽车半主动悬架样机结构。同时,建立了1/4汽车半主动悬架动力学模型,设计了用于EHA半主动悬架系统的模糊控制器和天棚控制算法,并进行了仿真试验研究。结果表明,基于EHA的半主动悬架采用模糊控制方法能够兼顾不同频率路面以及有效降低车体加速度、悬架动挠度、轮胎动载荷,从而提高了汽车的乘坐舒适性和操纵稳定性。     

基于磁流变减振器不确定半车悬架模型的半主动鲁棒控制研究

在分析半车悬架结构不确定性的基础上,建立了磁流变减振器半主动控制的半车模型,设计了鲁棒控制框图和鲁棒控制器.为了提高运行速度和便于工程实现,对所设计的高阶控制器进行了降阶处理,并进行了被动悬架、标准鲁棒控制半主动悬架和降阶控制器半主动悬架的频域分析.结合鲁棒控制器和半主动控制策略,在Simulink环境下构建了完成了被动悬架和降阶鲁棒控制器组成的半主动悬架时域仿真模型,对车辆在不同等级路面、不同行驶速度情况下的舒适性进行了全面的仿真研究和分析.仿真证明,所设计的鲁棒控制器和处理方法满足工程需要,相对于被动悬架车辆簧载质量垂向振动均方根值降低了14.1%以上,俯仰角架速度均方根值降低了31%以上,控制效果良好,乘坐舒适性得到提高.     

越野车半主动悬架的变论域模糊PID控制

为了改善半主动悬架的控制效果,利用变论域理论对模糊PID控制器的输入论域和输出论域进行调节。根据阻尼可调两级压力式油气悬架的力学特性,建立半车半主动悬架动力学模型,在MATLAB/Simulink中构建半车半主动悬架控制模型,以冲击路面和随机路面作为输入激励进行仿真。结果表明,不同路面激励下,变论域模糊PID控制悬架和模糊PID控制悬架的减振效果均明显好于被动悬架,在冲击路面激励下的减振效果较好。冲击路面激励下,相较于模糊PID控制悬架,变论域模糊PID控制悬架的前、后车身垂直加速度和车身俯仰角加速度均方根分别减小30.89%,34.36%,37.00%,车身动挠度均方根比较接近,进一步提高了越野车的行驶平顺性。     

Semi-active Sliding Mode Control of Vehicle Suspension with Magneto-rheological Damper

The vehicle semi-active suspension with magneto-rheological damper(MRD) has been a hot topic since this decade, in which the robust control synthesis considering load variation is a challenging task. In this paper, a new semi-active controller based upon the inverse model and sliding mode control(SMC) strategies is proposed for the quarter-vehicle suspension with the magneto-rheological(MR) damper, wherein an ideal skyhook suspension is employed as the control reference model and the vehicle sprung mass is considered as an uncertain parameter. According to the asymptotical stability of SMC, the dynamic errors between the plant and reference systems are used to derive the control damping force acquired by the MR quarter-vehicle suspension system. The proposed modified Bouc-wen hysteretic force-velocity(F-v) model and its inverse model of MR damper, as well as the proposed continuous modulation(CM) filtering algorithm without phase shift are employed to convert the control damping force into the direct drive current of the MR damper. Moreover, the proposed semi-active sliding mode controller(SSMC)-based MR quarter-vehicle suspension is systematically evaluated through comparing the time and frequency domain responses of the sprung and unsprung mass displacement accelerations, suspension travel and the tire dynamic force with those of the passive quarter-vehicle suspension, under three kinds of varied amplitude harmonic, rounded pulse and real-road measured random excitations. The evaluation results illustrate that the proposed SSMC can greatly suppress the vehicle suspension vibration due to uncertainty of the load, and thus improve the ride comfort and handling safety. The study establishes a solid theoretical foundation as the universal control scheme for the adaptive semi-active control of the MR full-vehicle suspension decoupled into four MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension systems.     

Performance evaluation of a quarter-vehicle MR suspension system with different tire pressure

This paper evaluates performance of a quarter-vehicle magneto-rheological (MR) suspension system with respect to different tire pressure. In order to achieve this goal, controllable MR damper that satisfies design specifications for a midsized commercial passenger vehicle is designed and manufactured based on the optimized damping force levels and mechanical dimensions. After experimentally evaluating the field-dependent characteristics of the manufactured MR damper, the quarter-vehicle suspension system consisting of sprung mass, spring, tire and the MR damper is constructed in order to investigate the ride comfort. After deriving the equations of the motion for the proposed quarter-vehicle MR suspension system, vertical tire stiffness with respect to different tire pressure is experimentally identified. The skyhook controller is then implemented for the realization of quarter-vehicle MR suspension system. Ride comfort characteristics such as vertical acceleration RMS (root mean square) and WRMS (weighted RMS) of sprung mass are evaluated under bump and random road conditions using a quarter-vehicle test facility.     

油气悬架自适应半主动控制仿真分析

为了降低工程车辆受到的冲击振动，针对简化的车辆模型，利用自适应滤波算法，设计了半主动油气悬架系统的自适应控制器。在仿真研究过程中以路面随机信号为激励源，以操纵稳定性及行驶平顺性为控制目标，与被动油气悬架系统相比，簧上质量加速度、车轮动载荷、悬架动挠度指标得到明显改善，表明白适应滤波技术在工程车辆油气悬架半主动控制中的应用是可行的。     

Skyhook-based semi-active control of full-vehicle suspension with magneto-rheological dampers

The control study of vehicle semi-active suspension with magneto-rheological (MR) dampers has been attracted much attention internationally. However, a simple, real time and easy implementing semi-active controller has not been proposed for the MR full-vehicle suspension system, and a systematic analysis method has not been established for evaluating the multi-objective suspension performances of MR full-vehicle vertical, pitch and roll motions. For this purpose, according to the 7-degree of freedom (DOF) fullvehicle dynamic system, a generalized 7-DOF MR and passive full-vehicle dynamic model is set up by employing the modified Boucwen hysteretic force-velocity (F-v) model of the MR damper. A semi-active controller is synthesized to realize independent control of the four MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension systems in the full-vehicle, which is on the basis of the proposed modified skyhook damping scheme of MR quarter-vehicle sub-suspension system. The proposed controller can greatly simplify the controller design complexity of MR full-vehicle suspension and has merits of easy implementation in real application, wherein only absolute velocities of sprung and unsprung masses with reference to the road surface are required to measure in real time when the vehicle is moving. Furthermore, a systematic analysis method is established for evaluating the vertical, pitch and roll motion properties of both MR and passive full-vehicle suspensions in a more realistic road excitation manner, in which the harmonic, rounded pulse and real road measured random signals with delay time are employed as different road excitations inserted on the front and rear two wheels, by considering the distance between front and rear wheels in full-vehicle. The above excitations with different amplitudes are further employed as the road excitations inserted on left and right two wheels for evaluating the roll motion property. The multi-objective suspension performances of ride comfort and handling safety of the proposed MR full-vehicle suspensi     

基于变论域模糊控制的车辆半主动悬架控制方法

针对车辆半主动悬架系统,提出了一种基于变论域模糊PID控制方法,目标是提高车辆在随机路面激励作用下的平顺性。通过将变论域方法与模糊PID控制器相结合来解决模糊PID存在的因模糊规则制定盲目性而产生的在线调节时间过长等问题。由仿真和实验研究对比可知,变论域模糊PID控制下的半主动悬架系统中的车身垂直振动速度和加速度比常规PID控制下的车身垂直振动速度和加速度分别减小了46.56%和29.21%,相比被动悬架系统的车身垂直振动速度和加速度分别减小了58.05%和49.74%。使用该车辆半主动悬架模糊控制方法可提高车辆的平顺性。     

车辆电动静液压作动器的半主动悬架时滞补偿控制

为了改善车辆行驶的平顺性和操纵稳定性,设计了一种基于电动静液压作动器（EHA）的车辆半主动悬架结构。进行了EHA作动器的性能试验分析,建立了EHA半主动悬架的键合图模型,计算了EHA半主动悬架系统的临界时滞,分析了时滞对EHA半主动悬架幅频特性和减振性能的影响,设计了Smith预估时滞补偿控制器,进行了EHA模糊控制半主动悬架的时滞补偿仿真分析。结果表明,EHA半主动悬架具有较好的阻尼可控性;然而随着时滞的增大,悬架系统会出现“轮跳”现象;在Smith时滞预估补偿控制下,EHA半主动悬架的簧载质量加速度减小约30%,轮胎动载荷减小约20%。     

基于鱼群算法的永磁体-电磁阀式磁流变阻尼器半主动悬架系统

为了提高汽车悬架系统工作性能,对磁流变阻尼器半主动悬架控制系统进行了研究。首先,基于磁流变阻尼器工作原理,将永磁体与电磁阀引入其中,设计新型磁流变阻尼器并建立了仿真模型,示功特性试验结果表明,所设计的新型阻尼器可以满足汽车悬架的使用要求,同时,速度特性试验表明所建立的阻尼器模型具有较高的可信度;其次,基于牛顿定律建立了7自由度整车悬架模型;为了提高悬架控制效果,在对常规鱼群算法进行改进的基础上,设计了适合汽车悬架系统最优控制器的鱼群算法,实现了两者的集成控制;最后,进行了仿真试验。试验结果表明,与被动悬架相比,基于鱼群最优控制算法控制的汽车车身质心垂直加速度、俯仰角加速度、侧倾角加速度分别减小了38.95%、35.12%、35.98%,有效地提高了汽车的动力学性能。     

Semi-active control to reduce carbody vibration of railway vehicle by using scaled roller rig

As train operating speeds increase, upgrading the performance of the railway vehicle has been required. To improve the ride comfort related to vibration, researches to replace the conventional passive suspension with (semi)active suspension have been carried out. For the purpose of vibration reduction, the magneto-rheological (MR) damper has been widely applied in automobile or anti-vibration areas, but it hasn??t yet been applied to railway vehicles. In this study, skyhook control with the MR damper was applied to the 1/5 scaled railway vehicle model on roller rig to suppress the lateral vibration of the carbody. For the 1/5 scaled prototype model of the railway vehicle, the dimensions of railway vehicle were scaled down by similarity method. Both numerical analysis and experiments to control the carbody lateral vibration were conducted and compared. The possibility of improving both the ride comfort and running stability of the railway vehicle by using the semi-active control was discussed in detail.