低冗余二维码汉字编码研究

随着二维码应用领域的不断扩大,二维码的优化和改进也势在必行。二维码在汉字编码过程中采用定长编码模式,忽略了汉字使用频率对二维码汉字编码效率的影响,存在着较大的编码冗余。采用变长编码算法可以减少高频汉字的编码长度,降低二维码汉字编码的平均编码长度,增加编码容量。首先,结合常用汉字的使用频率,对二维码的汉字编码进行分段处理,分析并制定基于汉字使用频率的变长汉字编码表;其次,在不破坏二维码原有编码结构的情况下,仅对二维码的汉字编码采用变长编码方式;最后,分析并比较二维码定长汉字编码算法和二维码变长编码算法的时间性能和空间性能,给出优化及改进思路。实验证明,二维码变长编码算法可降低二维码汉字编码18.4%的冗余。     

集合游程编码算法介绍与实验分析

游程编码是一种无损压缩算法,其简单、易于实现的特性也使它得到了广泛的应用.传统的游程编码选取固定的阈值区分特征字符和非特征字符,限制了压缩率的提高.从集合论的角度研究游程编码,提出了一种新的游程编码算法一集合游程,算法中不再使用阈值,而将全域字符划分成两个互不相交的集合,分别为特征字符和非特征字符,通过对特征字符进行合理的映射来表示连续出现次数,将游程编码算法的效率利用到了极限.最后,给出了集合划分的方法,并编程进行了验证,与原游程编码算法进行了比较.     

二维条码QR Code编码原理及实现

在二维码编码的实现过程中,分析了QR Code二维条码的结构、编码步骤、编码原理和Reed-Solomon算法,并以数字模式为实例按照QR Code编码原理直观的描述了实现二维码QR Code的编码、纠错等功能。采用VC++的编程环境,通过对二维码编码程序反复测试,实现了二维码QR Code的编码程序设计。     

面向比特流的分组快速搜索匹配算法

在比特流的模式匹配中,由于目标串和模式串字符集简单,匹配过程中匹配窗口平均跳跃长度短,导致快速搜索(QS)匹配算法效率不高。为此,分析QS算法坏字符启发规则匹配效率与字符集大小的关系,借鉴编码QS算法的编码思想,提出一种对模式串进行分组预处理并使用字符组计算跳跃集的分组QS算法,给出坏字符组启发规则与最佳分组长度的计算方法。实验结果表明,与不分组的算法相比,该算法能够增加比特流模式串匹配中匹配窗口的平均跳跃长度,提高计算效率。     

一种快速名片字符识别算法

针对嵌入式名片识别系统中低质名片字符特征提取困难导致识别速度慢和识别率低的问题,提出使用字符加权模板和基于统计的字符特征提取算法相结合,对提取的特征进行编码匹配.该算法对字符模板进行加权操作和网格化处理,并对每一块网格区域提取特征,并将提取出的特征在特征空间进行多尺度划分并采用二进制编码,这样用一串编码表示特征,最后通过编码匹配实现特征匹配.实验结果表明,该模板加权和特征提取方法与特征编码匹配结合可以较大地提高名片字符识别率.     

基于字频特征的自动机多模匹配增效算法

针对自动机类多模匹配算法内存占用过多的缺点,分析了DFA存储的列特征,并结合模式串所属字符集的编码范围,提出了按字符频率特征压缩自动机状态空间的多模匹配增效算法.本算法采用了榆入字符阅值映射技术,在保存高频率字符对应列的同时,用位图信息提高对压缩列的检索速度.实验结果表明,在万条配置规则级的环境下,能够同时有效降低内存和CPU利用率.     

呈现人脸显著性特征的二维码视觉优化

为了得到视觉美观的二维码艺术图片,提出一种可呈现人脸显著性特征的二维码视觉优化方法,其输入包括一幅人脸图像及该图像对应的文本信息.首先根据文本信息生成标准二维码;然后使用人脸检测算法检测人脸区域,并采用迭代FDo G算法提取人脸的显著性特征;最后使用基于模式替换的方法求解原始二维码中每一个module可替换的最优模式,并利用这些模式重新生成人脸二维码图片.实验结果表明,在保证扫码速度和准确率的基础上,文中方法产生的二维码具有良好的视觉效果.     

基于H·264编码模式的快速判决算法

H.264在运动估计中引入了多种不同的编码模式,使得模式选择过程异常复杂。针对这一问题,本文提出了一个新概念——编码模式参考集,并给出了一种基于区域预测的编码模式参考集选择方法。该方法可以大大减少候选参考模式的数目,简化模式选择过程。并根据所选模式的特点给出了一种基于模式选择的自适应搜索策略。实验结果表明,本文提出的新算法在重建图像质量没有明显下降的前提下,编码速度有了显著提高。     

GS1模式二维码详解

<正>继GB/T 33993-2017《商品二维码》国家标准发布以来,越来越多的标准及GS1系统应用中都提及到“GS1模式二维码”。近年来,推动医疗器械统一编码（UDI）过程中,UDI编码采用的二维码,也应采用GS1Data Matrix(GS1数据矩阵码)。但在实际应用中,对如何正确使用GS1模式二维码存在误区,如：想当然认为只要是带有应用标识符（AI）二维码就是GS1模式二维码等等。除此之外,还存在如何生成和如何判别GS1模式二维码等问题。     

二维码位流长度最小化算法

目的 快速响应矩阵码(quick response code,QR code)简称二维码,是一种由深色和浅色模块组成的正方形符号。给定输入数据,不同编码算法可能输出不同的位流。位流长度决定了二维码的版本,进而决定了二维码每条边上的模块数量。减小二维码的版本能够在不减小模块大小的前提下节省面积,或者在不改变面积的前提下增大模块大小。为了减小二维码面积、提高二维码识读率,本文提出了位流长度最小化算法。方法 首先,根据二维码位流可以分段切换编码模式的特点,归纳了6种编码状态;然后,根据二维码位流编码标准推导了状态转移关系,从而将位流长度最小化问题转换成动态规划问题;最后,通过求解动态规划问题,计算出最短位流。针对统一资源定位符(uniform resource locator,URL)类型数据,利用其部分字段对大小写不敏感、部分字段可以转义的性质,提出了统一资源定位符的最短位流计算算法,进一步缩短位流。结果 本文构建了一个测试集,包含603个编码了非URL数据的二维码,以及1 679个编码了URL数据的二维码。实验结果表明,本文算法与二维码标准相比,对于非URL测试集,位流长度减小的二维码占比9.1%,版本减小的二维码占比1.2%;对于URL测试集,位流长度减小的二维码占比98.4%,版本减小的二维码占比31.7%。结论 二维码位流长度最小化算法输出的位流长度最短,输出的二维码版本最小,能在兼容标准二维码解码器且不影响纠错能力的前提下提升二维码的数据容量。同时,本文算法运行速度快,易于使用,没有需要调节的参数。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。