海岸带混浊水域MODIS图像的大气校正

大气校正的精确度主要取决于气溶胶光学特性和漫射透过率等参数的精度.针对目前混浊水域上空气溶胶光学特性反演方法的缺点,给出了基于MODIS图像混浊水域上空气溶胶光学特性反演的新方法,论证了该方法的可行性,并给出了一组通过了验证的用来计算大气漫射透过率的参数.讨论了该技术用于海岸带混浊水域上空大气校正的可行性,可以为我国海洋和风云系列卫星资料的大气校正研究提供相关的技术基础.     

遥感试验数据确定大气气溶胶类型的方法研究

以太湖为研究区,通过水面光谱实验采集,地基太阳光度计大气测量,和当天的MODIS遥感影像,联合遥感太湖地区的大气光学特性,提出了一种实验确定气溶胶类型的方法.通过与卫星影像准同步的地面光谱和太阳光度计试验,利用辐射传输模式6S,变化气溶胶类型各组分,建立关于星上辐射的查找表,并利用定义的相对误差参量,在其总误差最小时确定气溶胶类型.将其用于改进后的Mie散射程序来计算大气气溶胶粒子群包括偏振散射相函数等的光学特性,并用于太湖地区大气气溶胶光学厚度的反演中,所得结果参考CE318实测值,反演精度有了较大的提高.该研究方法与结果可为大气气溶胶光学特性计算,大气辐射传输方程,气溶胶光学厚度反演,卫星数据大气校正等遥感应用提供支持.     

400-1000nm波段反演气溶胶光学厚度的暗像元法

从卫星遥感的角度来看,气溶胶的不确定性是可见一近红外遥感中大气校正的难点,从遥感数据本身来反演气溶胶参数,进而完成大气校正,一直是遥感研究的重点.针对可见一近红外波段大气辐射传输特点,提出了利用浓密植被红波段(660 nm)与近红外波段(830 nm)之间的线性关系反演气溶胶光学厚度的基于可见近红外波段的暗像元法,该方法主要思想是首先假设在清洁大气的条件下,利用MODTRAN辐射传输模型对遥感图像进行大气校正,以减少近红外波段大气的影响,再通过双层叠代法搜索浓密植被像元作为暗像元,根据红波段和近红外波段之间的线性关系通过近红外波段计算暗像元的红波段表观反射率,并反演气溶胶光学厚度.利用该方法对PHI航空高光谱图像进行了气溶胶光学厚度的反演,并给出了反演原理、步骤和误差分析.     

一种MODIS遥感图像大气校正的快速算法

本文设计了基于大气辐射传输模型对MODIS遥感图像进行大气校正的一种新的快速算法。根据Kaufman气溶胶光学厚度反演方法的基本原理,建立了简化的气溶胶光学厚度反演模型,通过6S模型获取气溶胶光学厚度参数,利用经验公式计算大气反射率及大气透过率等参数,实现了MODIS遥感图像的快速大气校正。     

近海污染大气气溶胶光学性质反演研究

提出了基于中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)数据反演近海污染大气气溶胶光学性质的算法.根据近海污染大气气溶胶的成分特征构建了新的气溶胶模式;同时避开了MODIS反演算法中计算大气顶光谱反射率理论的缺陷;利用近红外光谱数据降低了近岸二类水体离水辐射的影响,并通过光谱匹配技术实现了近海污染大气气溶胶光学性质的反演.利用气溶胶...     

气溶胶散射对海洋水色遥感辐射偏振校正的影响

辐射偏振校正对具有相对较大偏振响应的海洋水色卫星遥感器(如Aqua MODIS)是十分必要的,可在一定程度上提高海洋水色信息提取的精度.目前, MODIS已经实现了业务化的辐射偏振校正,但其算法中忽略了气溶胶散射对大气顶辐射偏振分量的影响.利用海洋-大气耦合矢量辐射传输模型PCOART,分别模拟获得纯瑞利大气(无气溶胶)和气溶胶光学厚度为0.2大气时的大气顶辐射偏振分量.结果表明,除太阳耀斑区外,气溶胶散射对蓝光波段(443 nm)大气顶线偏振辐亮度的贡献很小,可以忽略不计,而对近红外波段(865 nm)大气顶线偏振辐亮度的贡献显著.此外,将PCOART数值模拟的大气顶瑞利散射辐射线偏振反射率与POLDER实际观测的大气顶线偏振反射率进行了比较,结果同样说明了气溶胶散射对蓝光波段(443 nm)大气顶线偏振反射率的贡献很小,而对近红外波段(865 nm).大气顶线偏振反射率的贡献显著.最后,在现有MODIS辐射偏振校正算法基础上,提出了考虑气溶胶散射的海洋水色卫星遥感辐射偏振校正算法,并利用POLDER实测的大气顶线偏振反射率对算法进行了检验,结果表明,无论是在443 nm波段,还是在865 nm波段,均比MODIS辐射偏振校正算法估算大气顶辐射偏振分量更接近POLDER实测结果.     

基于6S模型从MODIS图像反演陆地上空大气气溶胶光学厚度

本文描述了一种以MODIS图像反演陆地大气气溶胶光学厚度的算法，它是基于6S大气辐射传输模型计算的查找表(LUT)，并利用地面的暗目标自动反演陆地大气气溶胶光学厚度的方法。利用该算法给出了我国江西省中部地区的2001年10月19日550nm波长的平均大气气溶胶光学厚度(0．19)，这与从国家气象档案馆获得的该地区的气象能见度计算结果有较好的一致性。     

基于统计的MODIS地表反射率简单估算方法

利用NASA-ESE提供的大气校正算法对EOS/MODIS进行计算,得到CH1-7的地面反射率,再与MODIS所接收到的大气上界反射率数据进行比较,参考野外实测得到的大气光学特性和地面反射率数据,提出一种基于统计方法的MODIS前7个通道的大气校正方法.     

基于短波红外波段的Ⅱ类水体MODIS影像大气校正算法

提出了一种基于短波红外(SWIR,short wave infrared)波段离水反射率为0的Ⅱ类水体大气校正算法.采用MODIS的1.240μm和1.640μm两个SWIR波段的反射率计算出了可见光及近红外(NIR, near infrared)波段气溶胶散射反射率,进而反演得到了这些波段的离水反射率.应用该算法对中国东部近海及湖泊的Ⅱ类水体进行了大气校正,并与实测数据和常用的大气校正算法进行了比较分析,结果表明该算法能够有效地去除大气的影响.     

Raman-Mie激光雷达测量对流层大气气溶胶光学特性

为了研究合肥上空对流层大气气溶胶的光学特性,研制了一台Raman-Mie激光雷达,用来测量大气气溶胶的消光系数、后向散射系数和激光雷达比的垂直分布。文中介绍了研制的Raman-Mie激光雷达系统和数据处理方法,并且给出了几个测量结果。在冷锋过境时,激光雷达测量的整层对流层中大气气溶胶的后向散射系数的时空变化表明,大量的气溶胶粒子被冷空气输送到合肥上空,大气气溶胶在4 km以下的垂直分布有剧烈的变化,混合层顶的高度被抬升到了3 km附近。Fernald方法和Raman方法反演的大气气溶胶光学特性的对比结果表明,该激光雷达能够测量合肥上空大气气溶胶层中的消光系数、后向散射系数和激光雷达比廓线。     

利用MODIS近红外陆地通道反演浑浊水体上空气溶胶光学厚度

目前MODIS海洋气溶胶反演算法能够很好地给出远海气溶胶性质,但近海结果并不理想。这是因为近海浑浊水体对0.55 µm、0.646 µm波段不能视为暗目标,对于0.86 µm波段也并不是总能视为暗目标。本研究采用MODIS近红外陆地通道对中国东南近海浑浊水体上空的气溶胶进行了反演研究,结果与AEROET符合得较好,这种算法可以很容易的与现行算法相结合,从而能够获得更多宝贵的气溶胶数据。     

Remote sensing of suspended sediments and shallow coastal waters

Ocean color sensors were designed mainly for remote sensing of chlorophyll concentrations over the clear open oceanic areas (Case 1 water) using channels between 0.4-0.86 /spl mu/m. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) launched on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Terra and Aqua spacecrafts is equipped with narrow channels located within a wider wavelength range between 0.4-2.5 /spl mu/m for a variety of remote sensing applications. The wide spectral range can provide improved capabilities for remote sensing of the more complex and turbid coastal waters (Case 2 water) and for improved atmospheric corrections for ocean scenes. We describe an empirical algorithm that uses this wide spectral range to identify areas with suspended sediments in turbid waters and shallow waters with bottom reflections. The algorithm takes advantage of the strong water absorption at wavelengths longer than 1 /spl mu/m that does not allow illumination of sediments in the water or a shallow ocean floor. MODIS data acquired over the east coast of China, west coast of Africa, Arabian Sea, Mississippi Delta, and west coast of Florida are used.     

Atmospheric correction of Landsat ETM+ land surface imagery. II. Validation and applications

For pt.I see ibid., vol.39, no.11, p.2490-8 (2001). This is the second paper of the series on atmospheric correction of Enhanced Thematic Mapper-Plus (ETM+) land surface imagery. In the first paper, a new algorithm that corrects heterogeneous aerosol scattering and surface adjacency effects was presented. In this study, our objectives are to (1) evaluate the accuracy of this new atmospheric correction algorithm using ground radiometric measurements, (2) apply this algorithm to correct Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and SeaWiFS imagery, and (3) demonstrate how much atmospheric correction of ETM+ imagery can improve land cover classification, change detection, and broadband albedo calculations. Validation results indicate that this new algorithm can retrieve surface reflectance from ETM+ imagery accurately. All experimental cases demonstrate that this algorithm can be used for correcting both MODIS and SeaWiFS imagery. Although more tests and validation exercises are needed, it has been proven promising to correct different multispectral imagery operationally. We have also demonstrated that atmospheric correction does matter.     

利用MODIS水汽数据进行ASAR干涉测量大气改正研究

对流层水汽引起的大气相位延迟是制约重复轨道InSAR 高精度测量的重要因素之一。为有效解决InSAR 中大气相位延迟的问题,对InSAR 中大气延迟误差进行了分析,研究了利用MODIS 水汽数据对ASAR 干涉图大气改正的方法及其关键技术,并以太原地区的ASAR 干涉图为例,对其进行大气改正。实验结果表明,MODIS/ASAR 大气改正方法可以显著地提高干涉图的质量,同时形变反演的精度也得到了明显的改善,验证了MODIS 与ASAR 数据融合获取地表形变信息的必要性和可靠性。     

Implementation and Evaluation of Concurrent Gradient Search Method for Reprojection of MODIS Level 1B Imagery

This paper presents details regarding implementation of a novel algorithm for reprojection of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Level 1B imagery. The method is based on a simultaneous 2-D search in latitude and longitude geolocation fields by using their local gradients. Due to the segmented structure of MODIS imagery caused by the instrument whiskbroom electrooptical design, the gradient search is realized in the following two steps: intersegment and intrasegment search. This approach resolves the discontinuity of the latitude/longitude geolocation fields caused by overlap between consecutively scanned MODIS multidetector image segments. The structure of the algorithm allows equal efficiency with nearest neighbor and bilinear interpolation. A special procedure that combines analytical and numerical schemes is designed for reprojecting imagery near the polar region, where the standard gradient search may become unstable. The performance of the method was validated by comparison of reprojected MODIS/Terra and MODIS/Aqua images with georectified Landsat-7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery over Canada. It was found that the proposed method preserves the absolute geolocation accuracy of MODIS pixels determined by the MODIS geolocation team. The method was implemented to reproject MODIS Level 1B imagery over Canada, North America, and Arctic circumpolar zone in the following four popular geographic projections: Plate Care (cylindrical equidistant), Lambert Conic Conformal, Universal Transverse Mercator, and Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area. It was also found to be efficient for reprojection of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer satellite images and general-type meteorological fields, such as the North American Regional Reanalysis data sets.     

用HJ-1B卫星数据反演地表温度的修正单通道算法

目前用于地表温度反演的单通道算法主要针对窄视场传感器建立.HJ-1B卫星红外相机为宽视场传感器,其热红外通道(IRS4)观测天顶角可达±33°以上,在地表温度反演时必须剔除传感器观测角度的影响.以大气辐射传输模拟为基础,建立了基于传感器观测天顶角-大气函数系数的修正单通道算法.针对HJ-1B卫星与Terra卫星过境时间...     

PHI高光谱图像的大气校正算法

从高光谱遥感图像中提取较为精确的定量信息,大气校正是必不可少的步骤.本文在应用大气辐射传输模型对高光谱遥感数据进行大气模拟的基础上,研究并发展基于遥感影像信息的经济、有效的大气辐射校正和反射率反演算法.该算法可以根据遥感图像有效地估计大气中气溶胶的空间分布,并分析交叉辐射的影响,进而对其进行大气辐射校正和反射率反演.通过对几景PH I高光谱遥感图像的校正试验,表明了这种算法的有效性.     

Optical thickness of tropical cirrus clouds derived from the MODIS 0.66and 1.375-/spl mu/m channels

In this paper, we introduce a method to retrieve the optical thickness of tropical cirrus clouds using the isolated visible cirrus reflectance (without atmospheric and surface effects). The isolated cirrus reflectance is inferred from level 1b calibrated 0.66- and 1.375-/spl mu/m Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. We created an optical properties database and optical thickness lookup library using previously calculated single-scattering data in conjunction with the discrete ordinates radiative transfer (DISORT) code. An algorithm was constructed based on this lookup library to infer the optical thickness of tropical cirrus clouds for each pixel in a MODIS image. We demonstrate the applicability of this algorithm using several independent MODIS images from the Terra satellite. The present method is complimentary to the MODIS operational cloud retrieval algorithm for the case of cirrus clouds.