The formation, structure and properties of nanocrystalline Ni-Mo-B alloys

The structure, structure evolution and microhardness of nanocrystalline Ni-Mo-B alloys were studied by X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, transmission and high resolution electron microscopy and microhardness measurements. The nanocrystalline structure was produced by controlled crystallization of amorphous alloys. The annealed samples consist of the FCC nanocrystals with the amorphous regions between them. The grain size of the nanocrystals is about 20 nm and depends on the chemical composition of the alloy. The chemical composition of the amorphous phase between the nanocrystals changes at the annealing. A slight grain growth was observed when the annealing time increases. The diffusion of Mo and B from FCC to the amorphous phase occurs at the annealing. It results in the lattice parameter change. The microhardness of the alloys increases during the annealing. The microhardness values are the same in all alloys before the nanocrystalline structure decomposition. The microhardness is inconsistent with the Petch-Hall equation. The microhardness of the alloys is determined by the microhardness of the amorphous phase bands located between the nanocrystalline grains.     

Physical properties of some iron based alloys in liquid and amorphous states

The atomic structure and the physical properties of amorphous ribbons depend strongly on the state of the melt before quench. It is known that slightly above liquidus metallic melts can preserve a non-equilibrium metastable state for a long time. Moreover some structural transformations in liquid metallic alloys, similar to phase transitions in solids, may take place with an increase of the temperature. In this paper we report measurements of the viscosity, magnetic susceptibility and surface tension in some Fe-based melts. Amorphous ribbons of the same alloys were prepared by standard planar method from different states of the melt. The electrical resistivity, the kinetics of crystallization and the magnetic properties of the ribbons were investigated. It was found that the properties depending upon nanoscale inhomogeneities are different for ribbons produced after different heat treatments of the melt before quench.     

Electronic states in amorphous and crystalline Pd-Ge alloys

Quantitative analysis of carbon in thin films of platinum prepared by d.c. reactive sputtering in argon containing a low percentage of methane was achieved using the ¹²C(d,p₀)¹³C nuclear reaction. The results are compared with those obtained by X-ray microprobe analysis.     

Optical properties of polycrystalline and amorphous cordierite

Cathodoluminescence and infrared absorption studies were made on polycrystalline as well as amorphous cordierite, either in the as-received state or after different thermal treatments. Emission bands centred at about 400 nm were observed in all the samples studied. Red emission bands around 650 nm were also found in samples irradiated with ionizing radiation or annealed in different atmospheres. Infrared absorption measurements were performed to estimate the glass phase and to monitor the presence of OH^– ions.     

Corrosion behaviors of amorphous and nanocrystalline Fe-based alloys in NaCl solution

Amorphous Fe(73.5)Si(13.5)B9Nb3Cu1 alloy was prepared by the chill block melt-spinning process and nanocrystalline Fe(73.5)Si(13.5)B9Nb3Cu1 alloy was obtained by annealing. The crystallization behaviors were analysed by DSC, XRD and TEM. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors in different annealed states were performed by linear polarization method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results show that the crystallization of amorphous alloy occurs in the two steps. Some nanometer crystals appear when annealing in 550 degrees C and 600 degrees C, respectively with grain size 13 nm and 15 nm. The nanocrystalline alloy has a tendency to passivation and lower anodic current density than amorphous alloy. It indicates that nanocrystalline alloy has a higher corrosion resistance. Amorphous Fe(73.5)Si(13.5)B9Nb3Cu1 alloy consisted of only single semi-circle. When the alloy was annealed in 600 degrees C, its EIS consisted of two time constants, i.e., high frequency and low frequency capacitive loops. The charge transfer reaction resistances increases as annealing temperature rises.     

FeCuNbSiBV非晶纳米晶合金带材压磁特性研究

研究了Fe71.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9V2非晶带材经不同退火工艺处理后的压磁特性,并对不同成分带材的压磁特性进行了对比分析。研究表明,在测试频率f=1 kHz、压应力σ≤0.2 MPa条件下,Fe71.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9V2非晶带材闭合回路的电感值随压应力的增大而增大,带材具有良好的压磁稳定性,当退火温度为550℃时,带材的压磁特性稳定性最好,电感值与加载时间、SI(%)与压应力均具有良好的线性关系;热处理工艺对Fe71.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9V2带材的压磁性能具有显著影响,退火工艺为300℃×30 min时SI(%)达到最大值0.183;带材的压磁效应与其成分有关,相同测试条件下,Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9带材具有最大的压磁效应,Fe78Si9B13带材次之,Fe71.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9V2带材压磁效应最小。     

Comparison of microstructures and tensile properties of pulse electrodeposited Ni on polycrystalline and amorphous substrates

Abstract

Ultrafine grained nickel (UFG Ni) and microcrystalline nickel (MC Ni) were fabricated on two types of substrates, i.e. the amorphous (Ni–P) and polycrystalline (stainless steel) substrates by pulse electrodeposition without additives. This study demonstrates that when inhibiting the epitaxial growth by first depositing a thin amorphous layer on the polycrystalline substrates, the grain size of the subsequent Ni deposit decreases dramatically from microscale to the UFG regime, which depends on the deposition conditions. Compared with MC Ni, which has an ultimate tensile strength σ_UTS of 397 MPa and an elongation to failure ε_TEF of 11·98%, UFG Ni with an average grain size of 120·72 nm exhibits an enhanced σ_UTS of 807 MPa and a comparable ε_TEF of 10·44%. The electrodeposited method used in this study provides an effective and low cost way to produce UFG materials with both high strength and ductility, which can meet the demands for practical application as structural materials.     

Preparation and properties of Fe-B-Si-C amorphous alloys

The crystallization temperatures, magnetic properties, and density of amorphous alloys of FexBySizCzare reported for72 < x < 88, 16 < y < 28, and0 < 2z < 12. The peak value of 4 ± Msis 17 kG in the as-cast state and occurs in the region of Fe82B13Si2.5C2.5. The crystallization temperatures, Curie temperatures, saturation magnetization, and density all appear to be average values of the ternary Fe-B-Si and Fe-B-C properties.     

Formation and magnetic properties of Fe-B-Si amorphous alloys

The magnetic properties and crystallization temperatures of alloys in the ternary Fe-B-Si system are reported. The Curie temperature increases slightly on replacement of boron by silicon. This results in a sharp ridge of relatively constant room-temperature saturation magnetization extending from Fe80B20to Fe82B12Si6. The coercivity exhibits a broad minimum, both before and after stress relief annealing, in the region around Fe81B15Si4and extending at least to Fe77B13Si10. The crystallization temperature increases with increasing silicon and with decreasing iron and boron. The alloys with silicon are generally easier to prepare in the amorphous state than the binary Fe-B alloys. Thus for the highest saturation magnetization alloy combined with ease of preparation, stability, and lowest losses, the alloys between Fe81B17Si2and Fe82B12Si6are preferred.     

Superconducting properties of amorphous Zr-Ge binary alloys

A new type of refractory metal-metalloid amorphous alloys exhibiting superconductivity has been found in a binary Zr-Ge system by a modified melt-spinning technique. Specimens are in the form of continuous ribbons 1 to 2 mm wide and 0.02 to 0.03 mm thick. The germanium content in the amorphous alloys is limited to the range of 13 to 21 at%. These amorphous alloys are so ductile that no cracks are observed even after closely contacted bending test. The Vickers hardness and crystallization temperature increase from 435 to 530 DPN and from 628 to 707 K, respectively, with germanium content, and the tensile fracture strength is about 1460 MPa. Furthermore, the amorphous alloys exhibit a superconducting transition which occurs very sharply. The superconducting transition temperature (T _c) increases with decreasing germanium content and reaches a maximum value of 2.88 K for Zr₈₇Ge₁₃. The upper critical magnetic field for Zr₈₇Ge₁₃ alloy was of the order of 21.8 kOe at 2.0 K and the critical current density for Zr₈₅Ge₁₅ alloy was about 175 A cm^–2 at 1.70 K in the absence of an applied field. The upper critical field gradient atT _c and the electrical resistivity at 4.2 K increase significantly from 24.6 to 31.5 kOe K^–1 and from 235 to 310cm, respectively, with the amount of germanium. The Ginzburg-Landau (GL) parameter and the GL coherence length §_GL (0) were estimated to be 72 to 111 and about 7.9 nm, respectively, from these experimental values by using the Ginzburg-Landau-Abrikosov-Gorkov (GLAG) theory and hence it is concluded that the Zr-Ge amorphous alloys are extremely soft type-II superconductor with high degree of dirtiness which possesses theT _c values higher than zirconium metal, in addition to high strength combined with good ductility.     

Comparison of the structure and properties of equiatomic and non-equiatomic multicomponent alloys

A series of equiatomic and non-equiatomic Fex(NiCrCo)_100?x (at.-%, x?=?25, 45, 55, 65, 75 and 85) multicomponent alloys were prepared and studied. With the increase in x, the phase structure of the alloys evolves from a single FCC phase (x?=?25, 45 and 55), to a mixture of FCC and BCC phases (x?=?55) and finally to a single BCC phase (x?=?65 and 75). As a result, the BCC-structured alloys have much higher strength and hardness than the FCC-structured alloys. The existing VEC criteria are unable to predict the FCC-BCC phase transition in these alloys.     

Synthesis, structure, and field emission properties of sulfur-doped nanocrystalline diamond

The synthesis and properties of sulfur-doped nanocrystalline diamond films were investigated. The films were deposited by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition on Mo substrates using methane, hydrogen, and hydrogen disulfide. The nanocrystalline nature of the material arises from the induction of continuous secondary nucleation in the chemical vapor deposition environment. Complementary characterization tools were employed in order to obtain a comprehensive and coherent understanding of the correlations between the structural and electronic properties. In particular, sulfur-doped nanocrystalline diamond films show n-type Hall conductivity, enhanced field emission properties, and insensitivity to ion radiation. It was found that n-type doping of the tetragonally-bonded carbon matrix together with a nano network of trigonally-bonded carbon are crucial elements for enhanced field emission from nanocrystalline diamond. These conclusions and the corresponding supporting evidence are discussed.     

Deformation properties of amorphous alloys based on titanium

Translated from Fiziko-khimicehskay Mekhanika Materialov, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 77–79, May–June, 1991.     

Magnetic and magneto-optical properties of amorphous boron-cobalt and silicon-cobalt alloys

Amorphous alloys of the type B_1?xCo_x and Si_1?xCo_x were prepared by vapour deposition.Their magnetic properties were determined in the range 4.2 - 300 K. The polar Kerr rotation was measured at two wavelengths (λ = 633 nm and 830 nm) at room temperature. The magnetic properties of these alloys were compared with amorphous alloys in which Co is combined with Sn, P, Mg, Y, La or Zr. The magnetic properties were analysed in terms of a model in which proper account is taken of possible differences in chemical short-range ordering of the atoms.     

Roughness of amorphous, polycrystalline and hemispherical-grained silicon films

We have performed atomic-force-microscopy studies of the roughness and spatial and correlation properties of the surface for three typical LPCVD films of silicon: amorphous and polycrystalline films with a relatively smooth surface, as well as polycrystalline films with hemispherical grains (HSG-Si) having considerable surface roughness. As follows from analysis of the correlation function and power spectral density function, the model of a self-affine surface is suitable for describing morphology of amorphous and polycrystalline silicon films, while the model of a mounded surface is preferable for HSG-Si films.     

FeCo基纳米晶合金的结构及高频特性

研究了(Fe0.5Co0.5)73.5Nb2V1Si13.5B9Cu1合金经不同温度退火后的结构及磁谱曲线.XRD分析表明,随着退火温度的升高,晶化相体积增加;同时晶格常数减少说明更多的Co溶入到晶化相α-FeCo(Si)中.用阻抗分析仪测量了合金在1kHz-10MHz范围的磁谱曲线.结果表明,合金的截止使用频率可达103～106Hz,且随退火温度的升高,合金的截止使用频率逐渐提高,但初始磁导率μi和截止使用频率f0的乘积保持为常数,用畴壁运动方程及畴壁钉扎理论对此进行了解释.并讨论了进一步提高合金高频性能的途径.