超高压技术在食品工业中的应用研究进展

超高压技术是食品加工领域的高新技术之一,不仅可用于食品杀菌、灭酶与质构改善等,而且对食品的营养价值、色泽和天然风味也具有独特的保护效果。本文综述了超高压技术概念及其加工原理,重点介绍了超高压技术在食品加工应用领域的进展。     

超高压技术在水产品加工中的应用

超高压加工技术可用于食品杀菌、灭酶、保持自然风味与质构改善等,是目前国际上最热门的食品加工技术之一。本文介绍了超高压加工的基本原理,综述了超高压在杀灭水产品中微生物,提高贮藏性能,改善水产品品质,提取色素等水产品加工中的应用。     

超高压技术在食品工业中的应用及前景

超高压技术作为一种食品加工技术的兴起主要是因为人们对新颖的食品储存技术的兴趣.应用超高压技术加工食品能使食品中酶的活性降低、杀灭微生物、改变食品组分间的相互作用等.本文综述了超高压设备的特点、超高压技术在食品工业中的应用现状以及存在问题等,并展望了超高压技术在食品工业中的应用前景.     

超高压技术在蛋白质食品加工中的应用

超高压技术是目前国际上最热门的食品加工技术之一,超高压处理在食品蛋白加工中可通过改变蛋白的结构,从而改变溶解性、凝胶性、乳化性、起泡性等诸多加工特性;还可以改变蛋白质的酶解特性从而产生多种活性肽。文中对超高压技术在蛋白质改性方面的研究进行了综述,并对超高压技术在改性蛋白的应用前景进行了讨论。     

食品非热加工技术——超高压在蛋白质和淀粉改性中的应用

与热加工技术相比,非热加工技术相对温和,可以最大限度地降低食品加工过程中由热引起的不利变化。近年来,随着消费者对高品质食品的诉求越来越高,非热加工技术逐渐成为食品加工技术领域研究的热点。在众多的非热加工技术中,超高压是一种研究最广泛,商业化程度最高的加工方法。近年来关于超高压的研究越来越多,超高压不仅可用于食品的杀菌和灭酶,还可用于大分子营养成分的改性。本文以超高压为例,综述目前超高压在食品加工中的应用,以及超高压对食品中主要的大分子营养成分——蛋白质和淀粉结构及功能的影响。     

超高压加工对食品品质酶的影响

综述了超高压加工对食品品质酶的影响及在超高压条件下动力学研究进展。     

超高压技术在预制调理食品生产中的应用研究进展

预制调理食品顺应现代社会生活节奏加快和生活水平提高的潮流,让传统的中式菜肴实现了烹饪工业化、菜肴商品化以及行销全球化,焕发出新的生机。超高压技术是一种新型非热加工技术,可用于食品的杀菌、灭酶和改性等,同时可以很好地保护和改善食品的营养、色泽和风味。介绍了调理食品和超高压加工技术,并分析了超高压技术在调理食品不同加工阶段的应用研究情况和出现的问题,在此基础上展望了超高压技术在预制调理食品中的广泛应用。     

超高压加工对食品品质酶的

综述了超高压加工对食品品质酶的影响及在超高压条件下动力学研究进展。     

超高压灭菌技术在保障食品品质及安全性的 应用现状与展望

超高压灭菌技术能有效对食品进行杀菌和灭酶, 是食品加工业中的一种新型的非热力加工技术。本文综述了超高压灭菌原理、主要特点以及超高压处理对食品感官品质、酶活性、微生物、营养成分的影响, 并分析了超高压处理产品的安全性及其在食品加工业中的应用前景。     

高静压加工优化食品酶催化体系:现状与趋势

作为新兴的非热加工前沿技术,超高压食品加工已成为现代健康食品制造领域的研究热点.将其应用于优化食品酶催化体系,对指导现代食品生物加工具有重要意义.基于高静压加工优化食品酶催化体系研究已有几十年,将其成果加以总结,并分析存在的问题,有利于更好地促进现代食品加工的发展.本文综述了高静压加工优化食品酶催化体系的发展现状,分析提炼了科学问题,在此基础上提出本领域若干研究方向,期望能对相关领域研究者有所启发.     

Impact of high-pressure treatments on enzyme activity of fruit-based beverages: an overview

With an ever-increasing demand for clean label products, there is a greater need for efficient and environmentally friendly processes to compete the conventional thermal or chemical treatments. For instance, high-pressure processing (HPP) has been widely studied in the fruit industry from the last two decades. HPP can inactivate or activate different enzymes in fruit juices, pulp, and purées. HPP treatment inactivates the enzymes by the alterating the conformation of the protein structure and the active site. Depending on the enzyme, pressure, pH, temperature and treatment time, HPP can increase enzyme activity due to the release of membrane-bound enzymes and also due to changes in protein conformation and active site that facilitate interaction with the substrate. Furthermore, the combination of high pressure, temperature and reduced treatment times offered greater inactivation of enzymes in fruit beverages. This study aimed to investigate the inactivation kinetics of endogenous enzymes in fruit beverages.     

Quality-Related Enzymes in Fruit and Vegetable Products: Effects of Novel Food Processing Technologies,Part 1: High-Pressure Processing

The activity of endogenous deteriorative enzymes together with microbial growth (with associated enzymatic activity) and/or other non-enzymatic (usually oxidative) reactions considerably shorten the shelf life of fruits and vegetable products. Thermal processing is commonly used by the food industry for enzyme and microbial inactivation and is generally effective in this regard. However, thermal processing may cause undesirable changes in product's sensory as well as nutritional attributes. Over the last 20 years, there has been a great deal of interest shown by both the food industry and academia in exploring alternative food processing technologies that use minimal heat and/or preservatives. One of the technologies that have been investigated in this context is high-pressure processing (HPP). This review deals with HPP focusing on its effectiveness for controlling quality-degrading enzymes in horticultural products. The scientific literature on the effects of HPP on plant enzymes, mechanism of action, and intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the effectiveness of HPP for controlling plant enzymes is critically reviewed. HPP inactivates vegetative microbial cells at ambient temperature conditions, resulting in a very high retention of the nutritional and sensory characteristics of the fresh product. Enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), and pectin methylesterase (PME) are highly resistant to HPP and are at most partially inactivated under commercially feasible conditions, although their sensitivity towards pressure depends on their origin as well as their environment. Polygalacturonase (PG) and lipoxygenase (LOX) on the other hand are relatively more pressure sensitive and can be substantially inactivated by HPP at commercially feasible conditions. The retention and activation of enzymes such as PME by HPP can be beneficially used for improving the texture and other quality attributes of processed horticultural products as well as for creating novel structures that are not feasible with thermal processing.     

High‐Pressure Inactivation of Enzymes: A Review on Its Recent Applications on Fruit Purees and Juices

In the last 2 decades high‐pressure processing (HPP) has established itself as one of the most suitable nonthermal technologies applied to fruit products for the extension of shelf‐life. Several oxidative and pectic enzymes are responsible for deterioration in color, flavor, and texture in fruit purees and juices (FP&J). The effect of HPP on the activities of polyphenoloxidase, peroxidase, β‐glucosidase, pectinmethylesterase, polygalacturonase, lipoxygenase, amylase, and hydroperoxide lyase specific to FP&J have been studied by several researchers. In most of the cases, partial inactivation of the target enzymes was possible under the experimental domain, although their pressure sensitivity largely depended on the origin and their microenvironmental condition. The variable sensitivity of different enzymes also reflects on their kinetics. Several empirical models have been established to describe the kinetics of an enzyme specific to a FP&J. The scientific literature in the last decade illustrating the effects of HPP on enzymes in FP&J, enzymatic action on those products, mechanism of enzyme inactivation during high pressure, their inactivation kinetics, and several intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the efficacy of HPP is critically reviewed in this article. In addition, process optimization of HPP targeting specific enzymes is of great interest from an industrial approach. This review will give a fair idea about the target enzymes specific to FP&J and the optimum conditions needed to achieve sufficient inactivation during HPP treatment.     

Potential Utility of High‐Pressure Processing to Address the Risk of Food Allergen Concerns

High‐pressure processing (HPP) technology is a novel, nonthermal processing technology for food. This special processing method can inactivate microorganisms and enzymes in food at room temperature using ultra‐high pressures of above 100 MPa, while the original flavor and nutritional value of the food are maintained, with an extended refrigerated shelf‐life of the food in distribution. In recent years, because of the rising prevalence of food allergies, many researchers have actively sought processing methods that reduce the allergenicity of food allergens. This study describes the effects of the current HPP technology on allergen activity. Our main goal was to provide an overview of the current research achievements of the application of HPP to eliminate the allergenicity of various foods, including legumes, grains, seafood, meat, dairy products, fruits, and vegetables. In addition, the processing parameters, principles, and mechanisms of HPP for allergen destruction are discussed, such as the induction of protein denaturation, the change in protein conformation, allergen removal using the high‐pressure extraction technology, and the promotion of enzymatic hydrolysis to alter the sensitization of the allergens. In the future, the application of HPP technology as a pretreatment step for raw food materials may contribute to the development of food products with low or no allergenic ingredients, which then can effectively reduce the concern for consumers with allergies, reduce the risk of mistaken ingestion, and reduce the overall incidence of allergic reactions from food.     

High pressure processing of cocoyam,Peruvian carrot and sweet potato: Effect on oxidative enzymes and impact in the tuber color

High pressure processing (HPP) is a non-thermal technology used to activate or inactivate enzymes. This study investigated the effects of HPP (600 MPa for 5 or 30 min at 25 °C) on cocoyam, Peruvian carrot and sweet potato color, and the polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities in tuber cubes, puree, and enzyme extract subjected to HPP. The results showed enzyme inactivation by HPP in cocoyam (up to 55% PPO inactivation in puree and 81% POD inactivation in extract) and Peruvian carrot (up to 100% PPO and 57% POD inactivation the extract). In contrast, enzyme activation was observed in sweet potato (up to 368% PPO and 27% POD activation in puree). The color results were compatible to enzyme activity: the color parameters remained unchanged in cocoyam and Peruvian carrot, which showed high PPO and POD inactivation after HPP. Furthermore, the impact of HPP on the enzymes was influenced by the matrix in which HPP was carried out, evidencing that the enzyme structure can be protected in the presence of other food constituents.Industrial relevanceThe enzymes PPO and POD are an important concern for vegetable processing, due its ability to induce browning after vegetables are cut. The HPP at 600 MPa for 5 or 30 min can be used to inactivate these enzymes in cocoyam and Peruvian carrot, guaranteeing the color and freshness of the tubers similar to the fresh cut vegetable.     

Effects of high pressure processing on antioxidant activity, and total carotenoid content and availability, in vegetables

High pressure processing (HPP) is a relatively new food preservation processing technology that enhances food safety and shelf-life without compromising organoleptic qualities. There has been little research on the impact of HPP on the nutritional and health-promoting properties of foods to date and most of it has focused on juices and purees of fruit such as oranges and tomatoes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of HPP treatment at two pressure levels (400 MPa; 600 MPa) on antioxidant activity, total carotenoid content and carotenoid availability in vitro, of three commonly consumed vegetables. Antioxidant capacity and total carotenoid content differed between vegetables but were unaffected by HPP treatment. In vitro availability of specific carotenoids also varied greatly between vegetables (3–35%). HPP altered availability of carotenoids according to the type of vegetable treated and processing pressure applied, however the magnitude of the responses was minor.

Industrial relevance

This study provides further scientific evidence of the benefits of high pressure processing in retaining the nutritional attributes of fresh foods. Antioxidant activity and levels of carotenoids before and after exposure to high pressures (up to 600 MPa for 2 min) were essentially no different. Also, the data suggest that micronutrients and phytochemicals in certain vegetables may be made more bioavailable by high pressure treatment. From a nutritional perspective, high pressure processing is an attractive food preservation technology and clearly offers opportunities for horticultural and food processing industries to meet the growing demand from consumers for healthier food products.     

Effect of high pressure processing on sugar‐snap cookie dough preservation and cookie quality

In this study, cookie dough was subjected to high pressure processing (HPP) to evaluate the effect of this technology on the microbiological features and on the quality characteristics of both the dough and the cookies. HPP reduced the microbial counts of mesophilic bacteria and yeast/molds. Microbiological inactivation in the cookie dough was maintained for 7 days of storage at ambient temperature suggesting extended shelf‐life of the cookie dough. Cookie dough treated with HPP had higher density. Upon baking the spread rate of HPP treated dough was higher resulting in less baking time. The HPP cookie dough and the corresponding cookies made from them had darker tones compared to the untreated dough. Digital images of cookie surfaces showed that HPP cookies had smoother surface and tiny cracks which were evenly distributed.

Practical applications

The utilization of high pressure for processing represents an opportunity to aid in the preservation and extension of self‐life of cereal products. Cookie dough, traditionally not preserved a room temperature, can be processed by high pressure and stored at ambient temperature. Cookies prepared with high pressured cookie dough spread faster during baking reducing total cooking time significantly, reducing, thus, processing time. Cookie quality characteristics are not significantly affected by high pressure processing.     

Impact of pH and Total Soluble Solids on Enzyme Inactivation Kinetics during High Pressure Processing of Mango (Mangifera indica) Pulp

This study was undertaken with an aim to enhance the enzyme inactivation during high pressure processing (HPP) with pH and total soluble solids (TSS) as additional hurdles. Impact of mango pulp pH (3.5, 4.0, 4.5) and TSS (15, 20, 25 °Brix) variations on the inactivation of pectin methylesterase (PME), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) enzymes were studied during HPP at 400 to 600 MPa pressure (P), 40 to 70 °C temperature (T), and 6‐ to 20‐min pressure‐hold time (t). The enzyme inactivation (%) was modeled using second order polynomial equations with a good fit that revealed that all the enzymes were significantly affected by HPP. Response surface and contour models predicted the kinetic behavior of mango pulp enzymes adequately as indicated by the small error between predicted and experimental data. The predicted kinetics indicated that for a fixed P and T, higher pulse pressure effect and increased isobaric inactivation rates were possible at lower levels of pH and TSS. In contrast, at a fixed pH or TSS level, an increase in P or T led to enhanced inactivation rates, irrespective of the type of enzyme. PPO and POD were found to have similar barosensitivity, whereas PME was found to be most resistant to HPP. Furthermore, simultaneous variation in pH and TSS levels of mango pulp resulted in higher enzyme inactivation at lower pH and TSS during HPP, where the effect of pH was found to be predominant than TSS within the experimental domain.     

高压加工对番茄超弱发光特性影响的研究

本文分别测试了红熟前期番茄高压加工后的超弱发光特性,并跟踪测试了高压加工后番茄在贮藏过程中超弱发光强度的变化情况。结果表明:不同加工压力以及不同的保压时间均使得番茄的超弱发光强度降低;经过高压加工后的番茄比未加压番茄贮藏期间其超弱发光峰值产生时间大大推迟,生命活性得到了抑制,保鲜及贮藏时间明显延长。本研究揭示了高压加工蔬菜的生命活性变化规律,为探索高压蔬菜保鲜贮藏的机理提供了一定的依据。