牛肉气调保鲜包装研究进展

气调包装(MAP)技术应用于牛肉保鲜是当前食品包装领域的研究热点之一。本文从MAP对牛肉品质的影响、牛肉MAP保鲜效果的影响因素、MAP与其他保鲜方法协同作用等方面进行了阐述,可为牛肉保鲜包装中包装技术及材料选择提供指导。     

气调包装对牛肉保鲜效果的影响

冷却牛肉的嫩化及保鲜问题在一定程度上制约了冷却牛肉的普及和发展,气调包装是一种通过调节和控制食品所处环境中气体组成的保鲜方法,并在一定时间内保持相对稳定,以抑制或延缓产品的变质过程,从而达到延长保鲜期和提高保鲜效果的目的。本实验以牛肉为包装对象,通过研究5种不同透气性包装材料在气调包装(45%氧气+30%二氧化碳+25%氮气)气体比例的充气包装方式下,每天对牛肉菌落总数、酸碱值、挥发性盐基氮值、色泽、包装袋内气体含量的变化和剪切力进行测定分析。结果表明:以聚丙烯-聚乙烯-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的气调包装材料效果最佳。     

冷却牛肉的气调保鲜包装

本文对肉牛背最长肌进行不同水平的气调保鲜包装(O2、20%～80%、CO220%～60%、N20%～20%),贮存期间每隔两天对菌落总数、大肠菌群、pH、脂肪氧化值(TBARS)、高铁肌红蛋白含量(metMb%)、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、感官评定进行分析。结果表明,保存在60%O2、、20%CO2、20%N2组获得最佳综合保鲜效果。在3±1℃下可使贮存期延长至12d。     

气调保鲜包装初始气体浓度配比对番木瓜品质的影响

采用厚度75.8μm的PP复合膜对番木瓜室温下气调保鲜包装的技术进行研究。结果表明:气调保鲜技术可以降低番木瓜失水率、减缓表面变黄速率、防止硬度下降、减少可溶性固形物含量、防止VC的大量损失。评定指标选用了硬度、色泽、失水率、VC含量、可溶性固形物、pH值、感官评定。结论得出:番木瓜气调保鲜包装的平衡气体浓度为O24.2%～4.9%,CO27.3%～7.9%;番木瓜气调保鲜包装内气体最佳初始浓度为3%O2、9%CO2、88%N2;测得室温下气调包装达到平衡时,番木瓜的呼吸强度为0.2～0.4ml/kg·hCO2。     

气调包装对冷却牛肉色泽稳定性的影响

冷却肉的颜色是决定消费者购买行为的重要因素之一.本文用不同的气调成分0.5%CO/60.4%CO2/39.1%N2(CO组)、62.8%CO2/37.2%N2(无氧组)、69.9%O2/30.1%CO2(高氧组)和真空(真空组)包装冷却牛肉并在1±1℃下贮藏,结果显示,CO组在贮藏28天时仍色泽鲜红、鲜度仍在国标规定的范围内;高氧组在第一周色泽鲜红,第二周已发生褪色,并且有较强的脂肪氧化异味;无氧组和真空组处理的冷却肉在28天时虽然可保持鲜度在国标范围内,但此两组处理的色泽在28天时呈灰褐色或暗紫色,不是消费者所喜爱的鲜红色.     

气调包装对冷却牛肉货架期的影响

冷却肉的货架期直接影响着其销售情况。本文用不同的气调成分:0.5%CO/60.4%CO2/39.1%N2(CO组)、62.8%CO2/37.2%N2(无氧组)、69.9%O2/30.1%CO2(高氧组)和真空(真空组)包装冷却牛肉,并在1±1℃下贮藏。结果显示,CO组在贮藏28d时在保持鲜红颜色的同时,鲜度仍在国标规定的范围内;高氧组第一周可以保持颜色鲜红,但第二周已有较强的脂肪氧化异味,且颜色开始褐变;无氧组和真空组处理的冷却肉在28d时虽然可保持鲜度在国标范围内,但此两组处理的色泽在28d时呈灰褐色或暗紫色,不是消费者所喜爱的鲜红色。      

气调包装对冷却牛肉货架期的影响

冷却肉的货架期直接影响着其销售情况。本文用不同的气调成分:0.5%CO/60.4%CO2/39.1%N2(CO组)、62.8%CO2/37.2%N2(无氧组)、69.9%O2/30.1%CO2(高氧组)和真空(真空组)包装冷却牛肉,并在1±1℃下贮藏。结果显示,CO组在贮藏28d时在保持鲜红颜色的同时,鲜度仍在国标规定的范围内;高氧组第一周可以保持颜色鲜红,但第二周已有较强的脂肪氧化异味,且颜色开始褐变;无氧组和真空组处理的冷却肉在28d时虽然可保持鲜度在国标范围内,但此两组处理的色泽在28d时呈灰褐色或暗紫色,不是消费者所喜爱的鲜红色。     

不同气体比例对草莓气调包装保鲜效果的影响

以PE膜为包装膜,分别制备了气体比例为60%O_2+1.2%CO_2、7.5%O_2+16.5%CO_2、8%O_2+8%CO_2的气调包装件,以空气气体比例为对照组,根据草莓保鲜品质指标评价不同气体比例对草莓的保鲜效果。试验结果表明:与空气对照组相比,60%O_2+1.2%CO_2的气体比例可有效保持草莓的感官品质、硬度、Vc含量及总酸含量,减缓果汁p H值升高,对失重率和可溶性固形物影响不大;可将草莓的货架寿命延长2天。     

牛肉冰温气调保鲜技术的研究

研究了以不同组合比例的CO2、O2、N2的气调包装,结合冰温（-1．5±1℃）贮藏的牛肉保鲜技术。以空气包装为对照,以牛肉的色差值、菌落总数、失水率、挥发性盐基氮、PH值为衡量指标,综合评价冰温气调保鲜牛肉的效果。研究结果表明,最佳的气调包装组分为10％O2,70％CO2和20％N2,在此条件下可以保鲜达28天;保鲜牛肉的PH值为6．09,挥发性盐基氮值为14．634mg／100g,菌落总数为3．7×10^4efu／g,色泽紫红,无异味。     

Anaerobic Microbiology of Fresh Beef Packaged Under Modified Atmosphere or Vacuum

Beef was packaged under CO₂ containing < 500 ppm O₂ (MAP), vacuum, or air and stored at 0, 2, or 4°C. Samples were analyzed weekly for bacterial numbers using anaerobic plate count (pre-reduced medium and anaerobic chamber), -aerobic plate count, and anaerobic jar plate count (MAP samples only) methods. For both MAP and vacuum packaged samples, the anaerobic plate count was consistently greater than the aerobic plate count and for MAP samples the anaerobic plate count was consistently higher than the anaerobic jar plate count. Differences between plating methods were most frequent during the latter third of 0 and 2°C storage. Anaerobic isolates from MAP samples were most often lactic acid cocci and staphylococci. No clostridia were isolated from any of the treatments.     

Microflora and Color of Ground Beef in Gas Exchange Modified Atmosphere Packaging with Abusive Display Temperatures

Gas exchange modified atmosphere packaging (GEMAP) with display gas of 80% O²:20% CO₂ retarded microbial growth and improved color stability of ground beef patties compared with vacuum packaging (VP) followed by air‐permeable polyvinylchloride (PVC) overwrapping during 3 d of retail display. Predominant microorganisms for GEMAP were Pseudomonas, Yersinia, Aeromonas, and Enterobacter and for VP‐PVC were Pseudomonas, Brochothrix, Aeromonas, Enterobacter, Moraxella, and Lactobacillus. Lower levels of pathogens were isolated in GEMAP samples with 7 °C than 15 °C display temperature. Patties were darker (lower L*) with those with 15 °C than with 7 °C display and redder (higher a*) in GEMAP than VP‐PVC. Good manufacturing practices should be followed with MAP meat to reduce the risk of pathogenic microbial growth.     

Modified Atmosphere and Modified Humidity Packaging of Fresh Mushrooms

Sorbitol and sodium chloride were used to modify the in-package relative humidity (IPRH) of fresh mushrooms (water irrigated and CaCl₂ irrigated) stored in a modified atmosphere package (MAP) at 12°C. No differences were observed for maturity index and microbial population between mushrooms stored in modified atmosphere package (MAP) with or without moisture absorbers. Lower IPRH was observed in packages containing water irrigated (normally grown) mushrooms with sodium chloride, but resulted in over-drying of mushrooms and did not improve color. Normally grown mushrooms with 10 and 15g sorbitol had the best color. IPRH of 87–90%, within 9 days storage was considered optimum. No improvements in quality were found with moisture absorbers with normally grown mushrooms. However, a small amount of sorbitol helped to avoid condensation with CaCl₂ irrigated mushrooms.     

氧气体积分数对气调保鲜猪肉品质的影响

将从无锡当地市场购买的新鲜猪肉装入每盒分别含5％，15％，25％，35％，45％，55％的O2与20％的CO2的包装盒内，在4℃下储存8d。测定样品中的TVBN值，TBARs值，颜色分值，感官评定值和微生物总数，结果表明：猪肉气调保鲜时氧气的较好配比为45％和55％，然而，TBARs值在45％O2时比在55％O2时要低。因此，45％O2和20％CO2气体混合物可作为最适宜的组合气体来包装新鲜猪肉。     

Sensory Evaluation of Ground Beef Stored in High-oxygen Modified Atmosphere Packaging

ABSTRACT: The quality of ground beef stored in high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) (80% O₂ and 20% CO₂) was evaluated and compared to controls stored in oxygen-impermeable chubs. Patties were formed from the stored ground meat at d 1, 6, and 10. Color, microbial load, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) number, and sensory acceptability were measured. Patties from both treatments bloomed to red with a* values > 16. Aerobic plate counts increased to 9 × 10⁵CFU/gby 10 d storage, but were not different (p < 0.05) between treatments. TBA number of high-oxygen samples increased to 2.1 after 10 d, compared to 0.8 for controls. The flavor of samples in high-oxygen were rated less desirable after 6 or 10 d.     

超市生鲜猪肉高氧MAP气调保鲜包装研究

采用高氧MAP对超市生鲜猪肉进行气调保鲜包装,通过CO_2抑菌、O_2保色、NaCl、乳酸等栅栏抑菌保鲜正交试验,研究不同栅栏因子对超市生鲜冷却猪肉pH值、卫生指标和肉色货架期等生鲜品质的影响。结果表明:高氧MAP生鲜猪肉在3±2℃贮藏48h,其pH值、细菌总数、大肠杆菌有显著降低(p<0.01)、处在最新鲜的状态,随后缓慢地提高,5d能达到二级生鲜猪肉标准水平,与感官评定结果有良好的一致性;回归试验因素相关分析结果表明O_2、CO_2和NaCl与pH值、细菌总数、大肠杆菌MPN呈显著负相关,说明高氧、高CO_2MAP和2%NaCl适量调理的抑菌保鲜效果显著;正交试验优化结果为:70%O2～30%CO2～2%NaCl处理组合。     

Shelf-Life Extension of American Fresh Ginseng by Controlled Atmosphere Storage and Modified Atmosphere Packaging

American ginseng roots were treated with an antimicrobial agent, and stored under various CA (2,5, and 8% CO₂) or MA conditions to extend the shelf-life. Changes in respiration rates during CA storage, gas composition in packages, saponin and free sugar content, and other quality factors were monitored during storage. The respiration rate of ginseng increased rapidly during the first month of high CO₂ CA storage and then slowly decreased to stable levels after 3 mo storage. In MA studies, the equilibrium CO₂ concentration was attained after 20 days. There were no noticeable changes in appearance, saponin content and free sugars after 3 mo CA (5% CO₂) storage and MA packages.     

冷鲜肉高氧气调保鲜包装研究

为延长冷鲜肉的货架期,本研究以PP材质托盘盛装,PP膜封盒,充入不同比例的气体成分对冷鲜肉进行气调包装.在温度4℃、湿度80％的恒定条件下,分别研究了25％ O2＋ 75％ CO2、45％O2＋55％ CO2、65％ O2＋ 35％ CO2的3种不同气体组分的气调包装对冷鲜肉的感官指标、色度、pH值和挥发性盐基氮含量等指标的影响,并且通过与大气对照组的对比,对冷鲜肉气调保鲜包装第6天的保鲜效果进行雷达直观定性分析.结果表明,65％O2＋35％ CO2组气调包装的保鲜效果明显好于其他实验组,冷鲜肉的货架期延长了6天.