酶法制备花生油甘油二酯研究

以花生油为原料,采用脂肪酶不完全水解甘油三酯制备甘油二酯,研究脂肪酶添加量、反应温度、反应时间及水添加量对制备甘油二酯影响。通过正交试验得出脂肪酶不完全水解制备甘油二酯最佳条件为:酶添加量20 U/g(占油重)、水添加量15%(占油重)、反应时间2.5 h、反应温度40℃,在此条件下制备甘油二酯,其含量可达57.84%。     

基于响应面法优化脂肪酶水解涤纶织物工艺

酶处理改善涤纶织物的亲水性是目前涤纶改性中一种绿色环保的方法。本文通过改变猪胰脂肪酶(PPL)水解涤纶织物的反应条件(反应温度、反应pH、酶用量、反应时间),以及添加表面活性剂来增强PPL水解涤纶织物的效果。实验以水解产物释放量为评价指标,通过在单因素实验的基础上进行Box-Behnken优化实验。结果表明：PPL水解涤纶织物工艺中因素的影响作用大小顺序为反应时间(24 h)>表面活性剂(吐温80,2 g/L)>反应温度(60℃)>酶用量(80 U/mL)>pH(7)。经模型优化的最佳水解工艺条件为：反应温度59℃,pH 6.6,酶用量67 U/mL,反应时间31.2 h,表面活性剂质量浓度2.1 g/L,理论水解产物531.862 mg/L。最优条件下实验值与预测值的相对误差为5.3%。在此条件下,处理后织物表面的接触角下降了19.8%,力学性能良好。     

解脂假丝酵母脂肪酶水解乳脂肪的研究

以反应温度、反应时间、酶的用量、底物浓度、pH值等为主要因素研究解脂假丝酵母脂肪酶水解乳脂肪的工艺条件,并利用响应面分析法(RSA)对水解条件进行了优化。得出最佳水解条件为底物浓度50.7%,pH7.5,加酶量317.3U/g,温度40℃。     

富含益生元的刺梨饮料配方的优化

为优化刺梨饮料的生产工艺,以刺梨原汁为原料,选用单宁酶添加量、水解时间、水解p H值、水解温度进行刺梨原汁脱涩的单因素试验;选择对刺梨果汁脱涩效果较好的因素和适宜范围,以单宁含量为指标,采用正交试验法寻找对刺梨果汁脱涩效果最好的反应条件。经最优脱涩处理后的刺梨果汁添加不同配比的低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖和菊粉,进行调味正交试验,感官评价综合得分为指标,得到口感最佳的、富含益生元的刺梨饮料的最优配方。单因素试验结果表明:研究选取的单宁酶添加量、水解时间、水解pH值和水解温度均对刺梨果汁单宁含量存在着显著性影响(P0.05);同时,正交试验结果表明各因素对刺梨果汁单宁含量的影响顺序为:水解温度水解pH值单宁酶添加量水解时间;最优脱涩条件为:单宁酶添加量0.8%,水解温度45℃,酶作用pH 4.5,水解时间80 min,此条件下单宁含量降低94.37%,有效降低刺梨果汁中单宁含量。添加不同配比益生元的风味正交结果显示,刺梨原汁20%、低聚果糖4.33 g/100 mL、低聚半乳糖5.5 g/100 mL、菊粉4.5 g/100 mL条件下生产的刺梨饮料酸甜可口、具有浓郁的刺梨香味。     

基于SPSS空列正交设计的茶黄素动态提制工艺快速优化

以茶多酚为原料,采用动态-双相萃取法制备茶黄素。运用SPSS软件,以反应时间、多酚氧化酶浓度、水酯两相比为过程调控因素进行有空白列正交试验设计,对反应条件进行了优化分析,优化后的反应条件为:酶浓度1600U/g,水酯两相比1:0.5,反应时长60min,该反应条件下茶黄素的合成均量为846mg,粗品茶黄素组分含量为47%。     

理性设计提高华根霉脂肪酶对不饱和长链脂肪酸的底物特异性及其在大豆油水解中的应用

为了提高华根霉脂肪酶在大豆油水解制备脂肪酸中的应用效果,通过理性设计的方法改造脂肪酶的脂肪酸特异性。对突变酶的酶学性质进行了研究,并通过单因素实验优化脂肪酶催化水解大豆油的反应条件。结果表明:利用定点突变技术获得了一系列脂肪酸特异性改变的脂肪酶,其中突变酶HQL增强了对不饱和长链脂肪酸的特异性,并且对p-NPP(C16)的水解活力相比野生型提高了2.72倍;所有突变酶的最适温度和最适p H均为40℃和8.0,与野生型脂肪酶一致;得到脂肪酶催化水解大豆油的最适反应条件为反应时间24 h、水油质量比1∶1、加酶量500 U/g(以油质量计)、p H 8.0、温度40℃,在最适反应条件下,野生型酶催化大豆油水解率仅为80%,而突变酶HQL由于增强了对长链不饱和脂肪酸的底物特异性,对大豆油水解率提高到98%。     

鲢肉脱脂及其酶解技术研究

采用蒸煮法、脂肪酶法、乙醚法对鲢肉进行脱脂,并比较了不同酶制剂对脱脂鲢肉的水解效果.试验结果表明,脂肪酶法的脱脂效果最好,其脱脂率为98.11%.木瓜蛋白酶、枯草杆菌中性蛋白酶、枯草杆菌碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶及复合蛋白酶分别对脱脂鱼肉进行水解,根据水解度及感官品尝指标,发现复合蛋白酶为最佳酶选,蒸煮法脱脂鱼肉为最佳底物.再通过正交实验优化,得到复合蛋白酶水解蒸煮脱脂鱼肉的最佳水解工艺条件是:pH6.5,温度55℃,酶量3000U/g.蛋白质,底物浓度(鱼肉:水)1:3.     

酶法合成共轭亚油酸单甘酯的研究

采用脂肪酶G50(来源于Penicillium camembertii)作为生物催化剂,催化共轭亚油酸(CLA)和甘油酯化生成共轭亚油酸单甘酯(MAG)。研究了在无溶剂体系中,底物摩尔比、酶加量、体系含水量、反应温度和反应时间对产物中MAG含量和CLA酯化率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:底物摩尔比n(甘油)∶n(CLA)=4∶1,加酶量300U/g(基于反应底物总质量),体系含水量1%,反应温度15℃,反应时间24h。在最佳反应条件下,CLA的酯化率达到84.98%,MAG的含量为68.40%,共轭亚油酸双甘酯(DAG)含量为16.58%。通过分析产物的脂肪酸组成,发现Penicillium脂肪酶G50对CLA异构体没有拆分效果。     

水解鸡脂肪制备香料

通过对解脂假丝酵母脂肪酶对鸡脂肪水解条件的控制,得到风味增强的鸡肉味调味剂.确定解脂假丝酵母脂肪酶水解鸡脂肪的工艺条件;分析水解前后主要挥发性物质的变化.在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验对解脂假丝酵母脂肪酶水解鸡脂肪的工艺条件进行优化,得出最佳工艺条件为:加酶量300U/g鸡脂肪,pH7.25,底物浓度50%;反应温度40℃;摇床转速180 r/min.     

克氏原螯虾虾壳中虾青素酯酶解工艺的研究

以克氏原螯虾虾壳为原料,脂肪酶为催化剂,水解虾青素酯制备游离虾青素,探讨了脂肪酶添加量、酶解温度、溶液pH及酶解时间对虾青素酯水解效果的影响。通过单因素和正交试验确定酶解最优条件为脂肪酶添加量10%、酶解温度50℃、溶液pH 5.5、酶解时间5 h,在此条件下虾青素提取量达到87.58μg/g;各因素对虾青素提取量的影响依次为:酶解时间脂肪酶添加量溶液pH酶解温度。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press