单悬臂梁阵列式压电能量采集器的研究

根据当前物联网以及无线传感网络的需求,以MEMS技术为依托,结合压电效应,提出了一种单悬臂梁阵列式压电式能量采集器。在分析压电能量采集器结构力学特性的基础上,详细介绍了两种不同尺寸微结构的设计、加工和测试。采用ANSYS软件仿真,得出两种微结构的谐振频率分别为3.9和4kHz;利用溶胶-凝胶法制备出15和20层的PZT压电功能薄膜,电镜扫描其厚度分别为1 849,2 667nm,AFM对比表面形貌其粗糙度分别为1.8和2.11nm,后者致密更好,颗粒较小,相变温度相对比较高。     

线形-拱形组合梁式压电俘能器振动特性研究

为揭示线形-拱形组合梁式双稳态压电俘能器系统参数对其动力学响应特性影响规律,利用磁化电流法及广义Hamilton变分原理,分别建立压电俘能器非线性磁力模型及系统分布式参数模型;采用谐波平衡法对俘能系统响应特性进行分析,讨论不同磁铁间距、激励幅值、负载阻抗等参数对系统幅频响应及输出功率的影响规律,并进行实验验证.研究结果...     

单压电片悬臂梁式压电俘能器效能分析

以线性压电理论为基础,建立了单压电片悬臂梁式压电俘能器的输出功率与压电结构的构型、驱动频率以及外载荷阻抗等物理参数之间的解析关系。数值计算结果表明,优化负载阻抗、金属层厚度以及金属层材料可有效提高俘能器的俘能效率。文中还将单压电片悬臂梁式压电俘能器与双压电片悬臂梁式压电俘能器进行了对比,理论分析结果表明当外界机械振动的频率较稳定时,前者具有更高的俘能效率。     

一种磁耦合激励的涡轮式压电气流俘能器EI北大核心CSCD

为满足气流管道监测系统的自供电需求,提出一种磁耦合激励的涡轮式压电气流俘能器。建立了俘能器的理论模型并进行了仿真分析,设计制作了样机并进行了试验测试,获得了磁铁排布、附加质量、压电振子串并联及负载电阻对其输出特性的影响规律。结果表明:在其他条件确定时,存在多个较佳气压使输出电压出现峰值,主频峰值的大小和分频的位置均与激励磁铁排布有关;通过附加质量可以调节最佳气压和输出电压峰值,采用多个不同附加质量的压电振子串联或并联可以拓宽俘能器的气压适应范围;存在不同的最佳负载使多个压电振子串联和并联时俘能器的输出功率达到最大,最佳负载及其所对应的最大输出功率分别为(40 kΩ,41 mW),(15 kΩ,50 mW)。     

间接激励压电发电机的建模仿真与试验研究

为满足旋转机械监测系统的自供电需求、解决现有压电发电机可靠性低及有效带宽窄等问题,提出一种基于移动凸轮间接激励并限幅的旋转式压电发电机(简称间接激励压电发电机).介绍了发电机的结构原理并进行了建模仿真与试验测试,获得了激励磁铁数量比、凸轮升程及升角对激振力形式/幅值、压电振子变形量/输出电压及发电机带宽等的影响规律.结...     

Low-frequency meandering piezoelectric vibration energy harvester

The design, fabrication, and characterization of a novel low-frequency meandering piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is presented. The energy harvester is designed for sensor node applications where the node targets a width-to-length aspect ratio close to 1:1 while simultaneously achieving a low resonant frequency. The measured power output and normalized power density are 118 μW and 5.02 μW/mm(3)/g(2), respectively, when excited by an acceleration magnitude of 0.2 g at 49.7 Hz. The energy harvester consists of a laser-machined meandering PZT bimorph. Two methods, strain-matched electrode (SME) and strain-matched polarization (SMP), are utilized to mitigate the voltage cancellation caused by having both positive and negative strains in the piezoelectric layer during operation at the meander's first resonant frequency. We have performed finite element analysis and experimentally demonstrated a prototype harvester with a footprint of 27 x 23 mm and a height of 6.5 mm including the tip mass. The device achieves a low resonant frequency while maintaining a form factor suitable for sensor node applications. The meandering design enables energy harvesters to harvest energy from vibration sources with frequencies less than 100 Hz within a compact footprint.     

Nano piezoelectric/piezomagnetic energy harvester with surface effect based on thickness shear mode

BackgroundEnergy harvesters with piezoelectric materials are widely discussed for the new kinds of smart structures. However, reports on the energy harvesters at the nano scale which have large potential applications in the future are rather limited.MethodsIt’s well known that the surface or interface stress can affect the mechanical properties of nanostructures. This work proposes the nano energy harvester with piezoelectric/piezomagnetic structure, in which the thickness-shear mode is considered by the surface stress model.ResultsThe vibration motion and output power density are derived and calculated. The peak value of the power density can be enlarged by increasing the residual surface stress and the surface effect on the nano-plate energy harvester can be influenced by both the surface piezoelectric and piezomagnetic elastic constants. Moreover, the harvesting ability can be improved by increasing the thickness of the piezoelectric layer.ConclusionThe capability of the energy harvester depends on the residual surface stress and the surface material constants. The proposed model provides the possibility of applying nano composite structures to the energy harvester.     

Nonlinear behavior of a piezoelectric power harvester near resonance

We analyze the behavior of a model piezoelectric power harvester near resonance. Nonlinear effects of large deformations due to resonance are considered using a cubic theory of the displacement gradient. Results on the output current and power are presented, which exhibit multivaluedness and jump phenomena.     

宽频压电振动能量采集器的力-电输出特性分析

压电振动能量采集器是一种新型的力(加速度)-电耦合转换输出器件,为了提高单自由度悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器的输出功率和工作频带,通过在单自由度悬臂梁压电振动能量采集器模型基础上增加一个弹性放大器的方法,构造形成了具有两自由度的宽频压电振动能量采集器。利用ANSYS有限元软件建立了宽频压电能量采集器的有限元力-电耦合模型,数值分析了模型中各参数(如质量比、阻尼比以及负载电阻等)对系统力特性(速度、加速度等)和电输出特性(电压、电流、输出功率等)的影响。研究结果表明：大的质量比和小的阻尼比能够提高压电悬臂梁能量采集器的输出功率并拓展其工作频带;短路谐振状态下的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电流,而开路谐振状态的匹配电阻能够使能量采集器产生较大的输出电压,优化后的短路谐振和开路谐振最大输出功率分别达到4386.5 mW/g2和4263.4 mW/g2。频带宽度达到10 Hz,且是SDOF系统的5倍。     

多方向压电振动能量收集装置及其优化设计

摘要：为实现对不同方向环境振动能量的收集,提出了一种新颖的多方向振动能量收集装置的设计结构,装置的换能部分采用了一种Rainbow型压电结构。为提高多方向振动能量收集装置收集能量的效果,以多方向振动能量收集装置输出的总电能为目标函数,综合考虑金属弹性基片的强度、装置振动的固有频率及装置的尺寸空间要求等多种因素,采用序列二次规划法对能量收集装置的结构参数进行了优化。该多方向振动能量收集装置经过优化后,在Y向激励时,其输出的总电能为37.146μJ,比优化前提高了30.82%,当沿装置体对角线方向激励时,结构装置输出的总电能为58.715μJ,比优化前提高了29.24%,装置的能量收集效果得到了明显提高。分析结果为多方向振动能量收集装置的设计、制造及应用提供了技术依据。     

Analysis of a piezoelectric bimorph plate with a central-attached mass as an energy harvester

This article analyzes the performance of a piezoelectric energy harvester in the flexural mode for scavenging ambient vibration energy. The energy harvester consists of a piezoelectric bimorph plate with a central-attached mass. The linear piezoelectricity theory is applied to evaluate the performance dependence upon the physical and geometrical parameters of the model bimorph plate. The analytical solution for the flexural motion of the piezoelectric bimorph plate energy harvester shows that the output power density increases initially, reaches a maximum, then decreases monotonically with the increasing load impedance, which is normalized by a parameter that is a simple combination of the physical and geometrical parameters of the scavenging structure, the bimorph plate, and the frequency of the ambient vibration, underscoring the importance for the load circuit to have the impedance desirable by the scavenging structure. The numerical results illustrate the considerably enhanced performances by adjusting the physical and geometrical parameters of the scavenging structure.     

磁力非线性耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器发电性能试验研究EI北大核心CSCD

针对线性的压电振动俘能器俘能频带过窄,输出较低等问题,提出了一种磁力非线性耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器。俘能器由带永磁铁的I型压电梁和L型压电梁组成,可通过调节两永磁铁间的水平距离,得到不同的非线性磁力耦合效应。试验结果表明:存在最优电阻使压电俘能系统的输出功率最大;对比无磁力系统,磁力耦合的I-L组合压电梁俘能器共振频率发生了明显的偏移:I型压电梁向左偏移,L型压电梁向右偏移,拓宽了系统的俘能频带;当激励加速度为0.2 g水平距离为20 mm、激振频率为18.4 Hz时,俘能器最大可得到1.2 mW的输出功率。     

Electromechanical analytical model of shape memory alloy based tunable cantilevered piezoelectric energy harvester

International Journal of Mechanics and Materials in Design - The resonant frequency of electromechanical energy harvester should be tuned to ambient frequency so as to maximize the harvester power....     

磁耦合式压电振动发电机的试验与分析EI北大核心CSCD

为提高环境适应性和可靠性,提出一种基于组合换能器的磁耦合式压电振动发电机,该发电机由纵振的耦合器和横摆的组合换能器构成。建立了组合换能器和磁力的COMSOL有限元模型,并进行了仿真分析,获得了组合换能器簧片长度比、厚度比及磁铁间距对发电机输出性能的影响。在此基础上,选取较佳的结构参数(长度比为0.57、厚度比为2),设计制作了样机并进行了试验测试,获得了激励磁铁和受激磁铁间横向距离L_(x)、纵向距离L_(y)、竖向距离L_(z)及负载电阻对发电机输出性能的影响规律。结果表明:激励频率f<20 Hz时,存在两个较佳谐振频率(由小到大分别记为f_(n1)和f_(n2)),使输出电压出现峰值。谐振频率及其所对应的电压峰值均随L_(x),L_(y)及L_(z)的变化而变化,故合理选择激励磁铁和受激磁铁间距可降低f_(n1)、提高f_(n2)及增大输出电压,有效提高发电机的带宽和环境适应性。存在最佳负载电阻使发电机输出功率达到最大,f=11 Hz,R=540 kΩ时所获得的最大输出功率达0.19 mW。     

非对称、变势能阱三稳态压电振动能量采集器特性研究

为了提升压电振动能量采集器的综合输出性能,提出了一种具有非对称、变势能阱的三稳态压电振动能量采集器,它由一个末端带磁铁的压电悬臂梁以及一对可随弹簧拉伸和压缩而变动的外部磁铁构成。外部磁铁固定在水平弹簧自由端并与基座相连,且能够随着弹簧压缩和拉伸发生水平移动和转动,从而使系统产生非对称且随时间变化的势能阱。基于点磁荷法和拉格朗日函数,建立了压电振动能量采集系统的非线性磁力模型和分布参数动力学模型;仿真分析了磁铁间距离以及加速度和弹簧刚度等参数对系统势能及其动力学响应特性的影响规律。研究结果表明：弹簧拉压是产生非对称、变势能阱的主要因素;弹簧刚度使非对称势能阱的深度变浅,使采集器更易进入大幅阱间振动状态;随着弹簧刚度的增大,采集器输出电压随之先增大后减小。在低激励振幅下,非对称、变势阱能量采集器比传统对称势阱采集器有更广的频带宽度和更高的采集效率。     

基于谐振器的多模态压电换能结构研究

传统压电悬臂梁俘能器一般通过其基频与环境中某一激振频率的匹配来收集这个频率上的振动能,为俘获环境中多个激振频率上的能量,提出一种在压电悬臂梁上附加谐振器的多模态换能结构,由该结构组成的俘能器的前两阶共振频率可以被设计在给定的激振频率上,从而有效地收集分布在这两个频率上的能量.实验表明附加谐振器有效地提高了俘能效率,其中一阶模态的俘能效率相对附加等量质量块时提高了71％,二阶模态的俘能效率与原压电悬臂梁的一阶模态相当.     

被动湍流控制圆柱驰振能量收集的等效电路研究

为更好的预测驰振压电能量收获机的性能,首先建立了等效电路仿真模型(ECM)并通过实验验证,最大误差不超过10%。采用该方法分析了被动湍流控制(PTC)下圆柱驰振压电能量收集的仿真模型,且该方法可将驰振能量转化系统的质量-弹簧-阻尼(M-C-K)控制方程中各参数用等效电路的电子元件来表示,从而可以分析过往仿真手段所不能解决的直流电路耦合问题。其次,从能量收集效率角度分析了交流-直流等效电路中临界风速(Ucr)随外接载荷的变化规律,及输出电压与功率随不同风速和外界载荷的变化规律。结果表明,交流电路中Ucr随载荷的增大先增大后减小,直流电路中Ucr随载荷的增大逐渐减小。当风速达到Ucr的最大值时,驰振在任一电阻下均会发生。U≥Ucr时,驰振出现锁定现象,输出电压和功率均随着风速的增大而增大。当风速过大时,增长率有减小趋势。输出电压均随着电阻的增大而增大,功率随电阻的增大先增大后减小。相比于交流电路,直流电路的最佳负载由1.1 MΩ提高到2.0 MΩ,同时功率峰值从0.08 mW降低到0.04 mW。     

Vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric unimorph cantilevers with unequal piezoelectric and nonpiezoelectric lengths

We have examined a piezoelectric unimorph cantilever (PUC) with unequal piezoelectric and nonpiezoelectric lengths for vibration energy harvesting theoretically by extending the analysis of a PUC with equal piezoelectric and nonpiezoelectric lengths. The theoretical approach was validated by experiments. A case study showed that for a fixed vibration frequency, the maximum open-circuit induced voltage which was important for charge storage for later use occurred with a PUC that had a nonpiezoelectric-to-piezoelectric length ratio greater than unity, whereas the maximum power when the PUC was connected to a resistor for immediate power consumption occurred at a unity nonpiezoelectric-to-piezoelectric length ratio.     

悬臂梁压电发电装置的实验研究

为了进行压电陶瓷材料发电性能测试与研究,研制了一套悬臂梁压电振子发电系统.设计了悬臂梁压电振子,并对压电振子进行了有限元分析和电导测试.在此基础上,设计了能量存储电路,并在低频下对悬臂梁压电振子发电性能进行了实验研究.研究结果表明,当悬臂梁压电振子处于谐振频率状态下振动时,输出电压和功率达到最大.输出电压随着负载的增大而增大,输出功率并不随着负载的增大而增大;压电振子存在-个最佳阻抗,当负载与最佳阻抗匹配时,此时压电振子的能量转化效率最高且输出功率最大.利用本实验系统进行压电发电实验测试,当负载为50 kΩ时,压电振子输出电压为7 V;当负载电阻为15 kΩ时,此时的输出功率最大可达到1.4 mW,产生的功率可以满足无线传感器等低耗能产品的供能需求.