碳芯结构LiFePO_4/C复合材料的表征及电化学性能

采用环氧树脂为碳源制备出碳芯结构LiFePO4/C复合材料.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜和X光电子能谱等分别对复合材料的晶体结构、表面形貌及表面成分进行表征,采用恒电流充放电和电化学阻抗方法研究试样的电化学性能.实验结果表明:碳芯结构复合材料是由无定形碳线和纳米LiFePO4颗粒组成.碳芯结构LiFePO4/C复合材料在15mA/g的电流密度下,首次放电容量达到166mAh/g,当电流密度增加到750mA/g,放电容量高达131mAh/g,经过50次循环后,容量保持率高达99.2%.     

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of nano-metastructured LiFePO4/C cathode material

The nano-metastructured LiFePO4/C composites were synthesized by carbothermal reduction method using starch gel as carbon source and dispersing media to obtain high tap density LiFePO4 with excellent electrochemical performance. The raw materials were coated by starch gel as compact precursors, which was sintered at 750 degrees C for 8 h to obtain high-density LiFePO4/C composite aggregated with nano-sized particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations showed that the primary particles had an average size of about 50-80 nm and the aggregates had a homogeneous particle size distribution of about 400 nm. The asprepared samples had a shortened lithium-ion diffusion length but with higher tap density, thus leading to the excellent electrochemical performance of the cathode materials. Electrochemical results showed that the samples delivered high discharge capacities of 155.6 and 120.7 mAh/g at 0.2C and 5C rates, respectively, with excellent cycling performance.     

In-situ One-pot Preparation of LiFePO4/Carbon-Nanofibers Composites and Their Electrochemical Performance

A novel in-situ route was employed to synthesize LiFePO4/carbon-nanofibers (CNFs) composites. The route combined high-temperature solid phase reaction with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using Fe2O3 and LiH2PO4 as the precursors for LiFePO4 growth and acetylene (C2H2) as the carbon source for CNFs growth. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) specific surface area, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrochemical performance of the composites was studied by galvanostatic cycling and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results showed that the in-situ CNFs growth could be realized by the catalytic effect of the Fe2O3 precursor. The sample after 80 min CVD reaction showed the best electrochemical performance, indicating a promising application in high-power Li-ion batteries.     

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon-Mixed LiEr_(0.02)Fe_(0.98)PO_4 Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries

LiEr0.02Fe0.98PO4/C composite cathode was synthesized by a simple solution method with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the reductive agent and carbon source. The effect of erbium doping on the electrochemical behavior of LiFePO4 was studied in this paper. The samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and the electrochemical properties were investigated by the charge-discharge test. An initial discharge capacity of 149 mAh·g-1 was achieved for the LiEr0.02Fe0.98PO4/C composite cathode with a rate of 0.1 C. The electronic conductivity of Er doped LiFePO4/C was measured as 10-2 S·cm-1. The results indicated that erbium doping did not destroy the lattice structure of LiFePO4 and enlarge the lattice volume. These changes are beneficial to the improvement of the electrochemical performance of the LiFePO4 cathode.     

水热法合成LiFePO4的掺碳改性研究

以LiOH、FeSO4和H3PO4为原料,采用水热法合成了结晶性良好的LiFePO4颗粒。在此基础上,以葡萄糖为碳源,掺入不同量的碳,形成LiFePO4/C复合材料。样品经过XRD、SEM、恒流充放电测试、EIS表征,结果表明,掺碳提高了LiFePO4的比容量、循环性能和锂离子的扩散动力学性能。电化学测试表明,LiFePO4/C放电比容量开始随着碳含量的增加而上升,随后降低。其中,3%碳含量的LiFePO4/C样品具有最佳的放电性能,0.1C倍率下达到145mAh/g,0.2C倍率下达到142mAh/g,50次循环后仅衰减0.7%。     

磷酸铁锂/石墨烯复合材料的合成及电化学性能

采用研磨、超声分散与搅拌干燥的工艺方法制备磷酸铁锂/石墨烯复合材料。利用TEM,SEM,XRD和Raman对材料组织结构进行表征,并组装成扣式电池进行电化学性能测试。SEM图像表明,在该工艺所制备的磷酸铁锂/石墨烯复合材料中,石墨烯贴附在磷酸铁锂颗粒表面,并且均匀地分散在复合材料中形成良好的导电网络。电化学测试结果显示,添加2%(质量分数)石墨烯后,磷酸铁锂的倍率性能和循环性能都得到明显提高。具体表现为:倍率性能方面,在5C充放电条件下,放电比容量提高到94.2mAh·g~(-1),是添加前的2.53倍;循环性能方面,100次循环(1C充放电)后容量衰减由添加前的43.5%下降到添加后的9.6%。这种简便的工艺能够实现石墨烯在电极材料中的均匀分散,充分发挥石墨烯优异的导电性,进而提升磷酸铁锂正极材料电化学性能。     

多孔壳/磁核结构光催化剂的制备及表征

以聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯三嵌段共聚物(P123)为结构导向剂,钛酸丁酯(TBOT)为钛源,SiO2/NiFe2O4为核,制备了具有多孔结构可磁分离的Ti O2/SiO2/NiFe2O4光催化剂。采用N2吸附-脱附、TEM、HRTEM、SEM、XRD和VSM等手段对样品进行分析表征。样品颗粒呈球形,分布均匀,平均粒径约为40nm,具备良好的磁分离性能。以硝基苯为模拟物测定其光催化活性,UV光照条件下,240min内硝基苯污染物降解完全,表明该光催化剂具有良好的光催化活性。     

钛酸酯偶联剂TC-Wt掺杂碳包覆磷酸铁锂材料的研究

以磷酸铁、碳酸锂和葡萄糖为原料,钛酸酯偶联剂TC-Wt作分散剂及杂源,采用高温固相合成制备磷酸铁锂碳包覆复合材料,考察偶联剂的加入对目标化合物的物理性能及电化学性能的影响.通过XRD、SEM及粒度分布等测试技术对所合成的材料进行了表征,并对所得材料进行对比分析,结果表明:添加偶联剂所制得材料颗粒分散效果良好,粒径分布相...     

炭化纳米Co3O4/硅藻土复合材料制备及其性能

利用高温热解炭化制备炭化纳米Co_3O_4与硅藻土复合材料,研究其磁性和吸波性能。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、振动样品磁强计和矢量网络分析仪等测试分析技术对复合材料进行表征。结果表明:平均粒径为50nm的超顺磁性纳米Co_3O_4粒子和无定形碳均匀分散于硅藻土表面和孔隙内,形成稳定的复合体。炭化纳米Co_3O_4/硅藻土复合具有较强的超顺磁性和吸波性能,最大反射率损失为-14.7dB,<-10dB的频率范围大约为14～18GHz,带宽为4GHz。     

超临界水热制备LiFePO4及煅烧碳包覆改性研究

本文以FeSO_4、H_3PO_4和LiOH为原料,采用超临界水热过程制备了亚微米级LiFePO_4颗粒.在此基础上,为了提升制备的LiFePO_4正极材料的物理和电化学性能,对其进行了后续煅烧碳包覆改性研究.同时,通过XRD、SEM、充放电测试、CV和EIS测试手段,对LiFePO_4正极材料改性前后的结构、形貌和电化学性能进行了表征.结果表明:后续固相煅烧碳包覆改性能够显著改善LiFePO_4的结晶性能,减小颗粒粒径,降低电荷传递阻抗,以及大幅度地提升放电容量和循环性能;以PVP为模板剂、蔗糖为碳源,700℃煅烧1 h得到的LiFePO_4/C颗粒粒径小、分布均一,室温0.2 C倍率的首圈放电比容量为153.1 mAh/g,1 C倍率充放电时,放电比容量可保持在144.2 mAh/g,1 C循环50次,容量保持率达到97.1%.     

溶胶机械活化及其溶剂对LiFePO4/C结构和电化学性能的影响

本文在溶胶凝胶法制备碳包覆LiFePO4/C锂离子电池正极材料的基础上,对溶胶进行机械球磨活化以进一步优化LiFePO4/C复合材料的结构和形貌,并通过原位引入Fe2P等方法,提高其高倍率性能。采用XRD、SEM、元素分析等材料结构测试分析方法和恒电流充放电及电化学阻抗谱电化学测试技术,对溶胶机械活化及不同溶胶溶剂对LiFePO4/C材料结构和电化学性能的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,机械活化能有效减小LiFePO4/C颗粒的尺寸及改善其分散性,并能改变Fe2P相的含量。溶胶机械活化处理后的LiFePO4/C在不同倍率下的放电容量明显增加。相对于蒸馏水,乙醇作为溶胶溶剂获得的LiFePO4/C材料具有更好的倍率性能,其在1C和10C的容量分别达到136mAh/g和90mAh/g。     

两步掺杂合成法制备LiFePO4-C复合材料及其性能

通过两步掺杂碳采用高温固相反应法合成了锂离子电池正极LiFePO4-C复合材料.利用SEM、XRD、TG/DTA等方法对该正极材料的晶体结构、表面形貌、粒径大小和热反应进行了分析研究.实验结果表明,LiFePO4-C具有单一的橄榄石结构,前驱体掺杂14%(质量分数)、预分解后掺杂6%(质量分数)葡萄糖合成的材料具有良好的充放电性能和循环稳定性能.在0.1C倍率下进行充放电测试,首次放电比容量可达158.5mA·h/g,具有良好的电化学性能.     

烧结方式对LiFePO4/C复合正极材料电化学性能的影响

对LiFePO4/C复合前驱体,分别采用静态氮气气氛,动态氮气气氛及静态真空三种烧结方式进行碳热还原合成LiFePO4/C复合正极材料.采用XRD、SEM、CV和充放电循环测试等方法分析和表征材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能.结果表明,烧结方式对所得材料的结晶度、晶粒大小、碳含量、合成温度以及电化学性能均有显著影响.真空烧结所得材料结晶度高,而动态气氛烧结对材料颗粒细化及均匀化都有积极影响,同时也能有效促进锂离子扩散动力学.动态气氛烧结可将材料的烧结温度降低到500℃,且所得材料表现出优异的电化学性能.0.5C倍率下循环首次放电比容量达到163.4 mAh/g,50次循环后容量保持率为99.02%.     

过渡金属离子掺杂对磷酸铁锂性能的影响

以碳酸锂、草酸亚铁、磷酸二氢铵、葡萄糖为原料,添加不同的过渡金属乙酸盐(乙酸锰、乙酸钴、乙酸镍、乙酸锌),在氩气保护下采用高温固相法制备LiFePO4/C复合材料.采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、同步热分析、恒电流充放电、电化学阻抗、循环伏安等方法研究掺杂金属离子及掺杂量对LiFePO4/C晶体结构和电化学性能的影响.结果表明,LiFe0.9M0.1PO4/C(M=Mn、Co、Ni、Zn)样品的晶体结构均与橄榄石型LiFePO4相同.掺杂过渡金属阳离子可以提高LiFeP04/C的还原电位,降低氧化电位,缩小氧化还原峰间距,提高化学反应的可逆性.掺杂后的样品在5C下的放电性能较好,以LiFe0.9Ni0.1PO4/C的放电容量最高,达到89 mAh/g.     

纳米金/单壁碳纳米管复合物的制备、表征及其多相催化的潜力

制备了一种单壁碳纳米管担载金纳米颗粒复合材料,利用X射线衍射、扫描透射显微镜、能量色散X射线分析、比表面积分析、激光拉曼光谱和紫外-可见分光光度计等对其结构进行了表征.结果表明:纳米金粒为微晶体,其平均直径为7nm且直径分布范围较窄.研究了该单壁碳纳米管担载金颗粒对仲醇的无溶剂氧化的活性和选择性,发现其转化效率可达95％.     

Effects of carbon content on the photocatalytic activity of C/BiVO4 composites under visible light irradiation

Carbon-loaded BiVO₄ composite photocatalysts were prepared using an impregnation method, and their ability to photocatalytically degrade Rhodamine B dye solution under visible light irradiation was investigated. The prepared composite photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra. We found that the carbon was well-dispersed on the surface of BiVO₄. The photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts for the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution under visible light irradiation (>420 nm) was higher than that of pure BiVO₄. Moreover, the degradation efficiency increased as the carbon content increased up to 3 wt%. The mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activity is discussed with reference to surface area, optical absorption properties, and charge separation.     

Nanosized LiFePO4 cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

In this study, we prepared nano-particles of LiFePO4 as cathode material for lithium ion batteries by the solid-state reaction. A simple one-step heat treatment has been employed with control of heating temperature and heated LiFePO4 at 650 degrees C exhibited higher 125 mA h/g of the discharge capacity than 600 degrees C, 700 degrees C. To improve conductivity of the inter-particle, carbon coating was carried out by raw carbon or pyrene as carbon sources and their morphological properties of particles on the carbon coating was compared with by FE-SEM, TEM. From the FE-SEM results, the particles of carbon added LiFePO4 have much smaller size than LiFePO4 as below 300 nm. When adding pyrene (10 wt%), the carbon surrounded non-uniformly with surface of the particles compared with adding raw carbon which wrapped uniformly with carbon web and it was exhibited 152 mA h/g of the discharge capacity on LiFePO4/C composite cells at 10th cycle.     

The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites on biocompatibility

In the present study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes/hydroxyapatite (MWCNTs/HA) nanocomposites with various MWCNT contents were manufactured by sol-gel processing. The MWCNTs/HA powder was characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman analysis. The results show that the MWCNTs were fully covered with HA nanoparticles and help forming the crystallized hydroxyapatite. In addition, in vitro tests highlighted the excellent biocompatibility of the MWCNTs/HA composite.     

聚吡咯/磷酸铁锂复合正极材料的制备与表征

采用化学氧化法, 以吡咯为单体、 三氯化铁为氧化剂、 苯磺酸钠为掺杂剂在磷酸铁锂颗粒表面进行原位聚合, 制备了聚吡咯/磷酸铁锂(PPy/LiFePO₄)复合材料。用FTIR、 XRD和SEM对PPy/LiFePO₄复合材料进行了结构与形貌表征。用电化学工作站和充放电测试系统对复合材料的电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明: PPy/LiFePO₄复合材料作锂二次电池正极具有良好的充放电循环性能。当PPy质量分数为17%, 充放电电流为0.1 mA时, PPy/LiFePO₄复合材料最高放电比容量达163 mAh·g^-1, 50次循环之后放电比容量仍为初始时的94.9%; 与LiFePO₄相比, 当PPy的含量适当时, PPy/LiFePO₄复合正极材料的放电比容量会有明显提高。PPy的加入提高了LiFePO₄的电子电导率, 从而提高了活性物质有效利用率, 因此PPy/LiFePO₄复合材料的比容量和循环性能均得到了提升。     

高密度LiFePO4/C正极材料的合成其及电化学性能研究

以Li2CO3为锂源,葡萄糖为C源,与高密度前驱体FePO4混合,采用高温固相反应法合成高密度的锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO4/C复合材料.采用X射线衍射、电子扫描显微镜和恒电流充放电对制得的LiFPO4进行了研究.结果表明,合成材料结晶完整,为均一的橄榄石型结构.C的含量在很大程度上影响LiFePO4的密度,当C的含量为3.0%(质量分数)时,所制正极材料LiFePO4/C的振实密度可达到2.14g/cm3,0.1C放电容量为121.5mAh/g,体积比容量达到260.OmAh/V.