基于有限元-向量式有限元的斜拉桥非线性振动计算方法

向量式有限元(VFFE)法本质上是考虑几何非线性的有限元(FE)显式动力时程积分方法。阐述了向量式有限元的基本原理,对比了向量式有限元与基于单元随动坐标系的非线性有限元动力计算方法的相同点与差别,开发了使用杆、梁单元的有限元-向量式有限元统一算法框架的计算程序。使用该程序建立了大跨度斜拉桥计算模型,首先,使用非线性有限元法计算了斜拉桥的静力状态与动力特性,计算了列车-桥梁耦合动力作用下桥梁的振动;然后,使用向量式有限元法计算了斜拉桥在拉索突然断裂状态下的非线性振动;最后,计算了在列车-桥梁耦合动力作用下,拉索发生断裂时,桥梁与列车的振动状态。结果表明:使用向量式有限元可以简单可靠地直接模拟斜拉桥在破坏状态下的非线性振动状态;列车运行至跨中附近时,若斜拉桥跨中最长拉索突然发生断裂,对其他拉索的安全性影响不大,离断裂拉索越远的拉索受到的影响越小,但拉索突然断裂会对桥上行驶中列车的安全性造成威胁。该研究为大跨度斜拉桥在破坏状态下的非线性振动分析提供了新的解决方案。     

A simple finite element model for vibration analyses induced by moving vehicles

This study developed a simple finite element method combining the moving wheel element, spring–damper element, lumped mass and rigid link effect to simulate complicated vehicles. The advantages of this vehicle model are (1) the dynamic matrix equation is symmetric, (2) the theory and formulations are very simple and can be added to a standard dynamic finite element codes easily and (3) very complicated vehicle models can be assembled using the proposed elements as simple as the traditional finite element method. The Fryba's solution of a simply supported beam subjected to a moving two‐axle system was analysed to validate this finite element model. For a number of numerical simulations, the two solutions are almost identical, which means that the proposed finite element model of moving vehicles is considerably accurate. Field measurements were also used to validate this vehicle model through a very complicated finite element analysis, which indicates that the current moving vehicle model can be used to simulate complex problem with acceptable accuracy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nonlinear finite element analysis of axially crushed cotton fibre composite corrugated tubes

It is proven experimentally that introducing corrugation along a shell generator together with a proper advanced composite material will enhance the crashworthiness performance of energy device units. This is because corrugation along the shell generator will force the initial crushing to occur at a predetermined region along the tube generator. On the other hand, a proper composite material offers vast potential for optimally tailoring a design to meet crashworthiness performance requirements. In this paper, the energy absorption characteristics of cotton fibre/propylene corrugated tubes are numerically studied. Finite element simulation using ABAQUS/Explicit was carried out to examine the effects of parametric modifications on the tube’s energy absorption capability. Results showed that the tube’s energy absorption capability was affected significantly by varying the number of corrugation and aspect ratios. It is found that as the number of corrugations increases, the amount of absorbed energy significantly increases.     

Non-linear steady state vibration of frames by finite element method

A finite element method based on the virtual work principle to determine the steady state response of frams in free or forced periodic vibration is introduced. The axial and flexural deformations are coupled by mean of the induced axial force along the element. The spatial discretization of the deformations is achieved by the usual finite element method and the time discretization by Fourier coefficients of the nodal displacements. No unconventional element matrices are needed. After applying the harmonic balance method, a set of non-linear algebraic equations of the Fourier coefficients is obtained. These equations are solved by the Newtonian iteration method in terms of the Fourier coefficient increments. Nodal damping can easily be included by a diagonal damping matrix. The direct numerical determination of the Fourier coefficient increments is difficult owing to the presence of peaks, loops and discontinuities of slope along the amplitude-frequency response curves. Parametric construction of the response curves using the phase difference between the response and excitation is recommended to provide more points during the rapid change of the phase (i.e. at resonance). For undamped natural vibration, the method of selective coefficients adopted. Numerical examples on the Duffing equation, a hinged–hinged beam, a clamped–hinged beam, a ring and a frame are given. For reasonably accurate results, it is shown that the number of finite elements must be sufficient to predict at least the linear mode at the frequency of interest and the number of harmones considered must satisfy the conditions of completeness and balanceability, which are discussed in detail.     

基于微分求积法的轴向运动板横向振动分析

研究受面内载荷轴向运动薄板横向振动的运动微分方程,采用微分求积法计算四边简支轴向运动薄板的固有频率和临界速度。分析轴向运动速度、板材料刚度及长宽比对板横向振动固有频率及临界速度的影响。结果发现,随着轴向速度增大,各阶固有频率减小;随着刚度的增大,各阶固有频率增大;当长宽比较小时,轴向运动板可以用梁模型分析。     

Nonlinear hydrodynamic shock propagation analysis by the finite element method

The method of weighted residuals is used in conjunction with the finite element method to solve the nonlinear hydrodynamic field equations. The algebraic equations which result from the finite element approximations were solved using the Standard Newton-Raphson method, the Modified Newton-Raphson method, the Self-Correcting Incremental Method, and the Method of Successive Substitutions. Also, the Gear 2-Step and 3-Step temporal operators were employed along with the Park temporal operator and a first order backward difference method to obtain the transient response. Solutions for 1-dimensional shock and rarefaction waves obtained using the method agree with theoretically predicted values and with values obtained using a finite difference method. Of the four temporal operators investigated, none was determined to be superior. However, based upon computational cost and solution accuracy, the Self-Correcting Incremental Method and the Modified Newton-Raphson Method with Jacobian reformation after every three iterations both proved superior to the other methods studied for solution of the nonlinear equations.     

轴向运动黏弹性梁横向非线性受迫振动

运用微分求积法数值研究不同边界条件下轴向运动黏弹性梁受到简谐外激励的横向受迫     

多源激励下冷连轧F5轧机振动问题研究

研究了热轧过程机架间运动板带动力学特征及其影响因素。基于热轧过程板带张力形成机理,考虑机架间板带张力建立了动态张力模型;同时,考虑热轧机活套辊对运动板带的支撑作用,基于Hamilton理论建立了运动板带等效运动梁模型,并基于四阶Galerkin截断法对偏微分方程进行离散化,得到系统四阶常微分方程组。仿真分析机架间板带张力、速度和活套辊支承刚度对运动板带动力学特性的影响,以及运动板带在辊系振动引发的速度摄动下振动特征和影响规律。结果表明：张力、板带速度和活套支撑辊刚度均影响板带动力学模态特征,且活套辊支撑作用可降低板带振动幅值;在热轧工艺范围内,调整板带张力和速度对运动板带的稳定性影响不大;辊系振动造成板带运动速度呈摄动特征,且摄动频率和幅值与板带振动强度关系密切。该研究对热轧过程机架间运动板带稳定性分析和活套控制设计提供参考。

     

Nonlinear transversal vibration of an axially moving viscoelastic string on a viscoelastic guide subjected to mono-frequency excitation

In this paper, the nonlinear transversal vibration of an axially moving viscoelastic string on a viscoelastic guide subjected to a mono-frequency excitation is considered. The model of the viscoelastic guide is a parallel combination of springs and viscous dampers. The governing equation of motion is developed using Hamilton’s principle. Applying the method of multiple scales to the governing partial differential equation, the solvability condition and approximate solutions are derived. Three cases, namely primary, subharmonic and superharmonic resonances are studied and appropriate analytical solutions are obtained. The effect of mean value velocity, force amplitude, guide stiffness and viscosity coefficient of the string on the frequency-response and bifurcation points is investigated. Findings are in good agreement with results extracted from numerical modeling.     

轴向运动体系横向非线性振动的联合共振

研究轴向运动体系横向非线性振动的联合共振问题。根据哈密顿原理建立梁的横向运动微分方程．采用分离变量法分离时间变量和空间变量．并利用Galerkin方法离散运动方程．进而采用多元L—P方法对具有内部共振条件下的轴向运动梁的联合共振问题进行求解。典型算例表明多元L—P法是一个适合于轴向运动体系非线性振动分析的好方法．在小振幅振动时其计算结果与增量谐波平衡法(IHB法)的结果相一致。     

A moving superimposed finite element method for structural topology optimization

Level set methods are becoming an attractive design tool in shape and topology optimization for obtaining efficient and lighter structures. In this paper, a dynamic implicit boundary‐based moving superimposed finite element method (s‐version FEM or S‐FEM) is developed for structural topology optimization using the level set methods, in which the variational interior and exterior boundaries are represented by the zero level set. Both a global mesh and an overlaying local mesh are integrated into the moving S‐FEM analysis model. A relatively coarse fixed Eulerian mesh consisting of bilinear rectangular elements is used as a global mesh. The local mesh consisting of flexible linear triangular elements is constructed to match the dynamic implicit boundary captured from nodal values of the implicit level set function. In numerical integration using the Gauss quadrature rule, the practical difficulty due to the discontinuities is overcome by the coincidence of the global and local meshes. A double mapping technique is developed to perform the numerical integration for the global and coupling matrices of the overlapped elements with two different co‐ordinate systems. An element killing strategy is presented to reduce the total number of degrees of freedom to improve the computational efficiency. A simple constraint handling approach is proposed to perform minimum compliance design with a volume constraint. A physically meaningful and numerically efficient velocity extension method is developed to avoid the complicated PDE solving procedure. The proposed moving S‐FEM is applied to structural topology optimization using the level set methods as an effective tool for the numerical analysis of the linear elasticity topology optimization problems. For the classical elasticity problems in the literature, the present S‐FEM can achieve numerical results in good agreement with those from the theoretical solutions and/or numerical results from the standard FEM. For the minimum compliance topology optimization problems in structural optimization, the present approach significantly outperforms the well‐recognized ‘ersatz material’ approach as expected in the accuracy of the strain field, numerical stability, and representation fidelity at the expense of increased computational time. It is also shown that the present approach is able to produce structures near the theoretical optimum. It is suggested that the present S‐FEM can be a promising tool for shape and topology optimization using the level set methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

轴向运动软夹层梁横向振动分析

针对传统夹层梁沿厚度方向不可压缩缺点,以上下约束层与夹心层中面横向位移为独立变量,提出全新的夹层梁理论。将夹层内任意点横向位移假设沿厚度方向变化的二次待定多项式,利用界面位移协调条件,获得以夹心层中面、上下约束层中面横向位移表示的夹心层横向位移模式,由此获得厚度方向正应变及相应剪应变。基于Hamilton原理,建立轴向运动软夹层梁横向振动控制方程组,用Galerkin法求解控制方程。研究表明,软夹层梁一阶模态为上下约束层与夹层一起作横向运动,两层之间无相对变形,与传统夹层梁理论一致;软夹层梁二阶模态为上下约束层向两相反方向运动,软夹层中面相对上下约束层不动,夹层处于上下拉伸或压缩状态;软夹层梁三阶模态为上下约束层向同一方向运动,夹心层中面向相反方向运动,夹心层上下处于不同变形状态（拉或压）。通过对振型、模态函数、自由振动响应、轴向运动速度对频率影响等因素分析表明,传统夹层梁模型为夹层梁模型的特殊形式。     

A new moving finite element method based on quadratic approximation functions

Moving finite element methods are adaptive gridding procedures especially designed for systems of partial differential equations whose solutions contain steep gradients. A new moving finite element method based on quadratic approximation functions is presented. Both the theoretical and computational aspects are outlined. Performance of the method is illustrated with solutions to Burgers' equation. The solution is accurate and remarkably smooth in the entire domain.     

Extension of spline wavelets element method to membrane vibration analysis

The B-spline wavelets element technique developed by Chen and Wu (1995a) is extended to the membrane vibration analysis. The tensor product of the finite splines and spline wavelets expansions in different resolutions is applied in the development of a curved quadrilateral element. Unlike the process of direct wavelets adding in the previous work, the elemental displacement field represented by the coefficients of wavelets expansions is transformed into edges and internal modes via elemental geometric conditions and two-scale relations. The multiple stages two-scale sequence of quadratic B-spline function is provided to accelerate the sequential transformations between different resolution levels of wavelets. The hierarchical property of wavelets basis approximation is also reserved in this extension. For membrane vibration problems where variations lack regularity at certain lower vibration modes, the present element can still effectively provide accurate results through a multi-level solving procedure. Some numerical examples are studied to demonstrate the proposed element.     

外激励力作用下的轴向运动梁非线性振动的联合共振

研究轴向运动梁在外激励力作用下非线性振动的联合共振问题.利用哈密顿原理建立横向振动的轴向运动梁的振动微分方程,采用分离变量法分离时间变量和空间变量并利用Galerkin方法离散运动方程.采用IHB法进行非线性振动求解,分析在内共振条件且外激励作用下的联合共振问题,对周期解进行稳定性的判定.典型算例获得了不同外激励力振幅时系统非线性振动的复杂频幅响应曲线.     

热冲击下轴向运动FGM梁的自由振动分析

基于Timoshenko梁理论研究两端夹紧、一端夹紧一端简支、两端简支三种不同边界条件下的轴向运动功能梯度材料(FGM)梁在热冲击载荷作用下的自由振动响应。利用Hamilton原理推导热冲击下轴向运动FGM梁的自由振动控制微分方程,并采用分离变量法求解一维热传导方程。通过微分求积法(DQM)在梁的长度方向进行离散,将原方程转化为四阶广义特征值问题,求解FGM梁自由振动的无量纲固有频率并进行特性分析。考虑了不同热冲击载荷,不同梯度指数和不同轴向运动无量纲速度对FGM梁自振频率的影响。结果表明:热冲击载荷越大,对降低FGM梁的固有频率的效果越明显;在轴向运动速度和热流输入不改变的情况下,逐渐增大材料梯度指数会使FGM梁的固有频率随之减小;FGM梁对热冲击短时间内有减缓作用,相对于均匀材料一阶失稳所需时间更长,受到热冲击的FGM梁在轴向运动时也更快达到失稳状态。     

轴向运动黏弹性夹层板的多模态耦合横向振动

基于薄板小挠度理论和Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性本构方程, 建立了轴向运动黏弹性夹层板横向振动控制方程, 研究了其横向振动特性。采用一阶和二阶Galerkin截断得到夹层板横向振动的特征方程, 讨论了两种夹心层所占总厚度比率下轴向运动速度对其横向振动特性的影响。研究表明: 在未超过临界速度前, 无论一阶还是二阶截断, 在定性描述系统特征上二者相同, 但一阶截断不适合描述轴向运动速度超过临界速度的情形; 对四边简支黏弹性夹层板, 临界速度和发生耦合模态颤振的速度随着夹心层比率的减少逐渐增大。     

单壁碳纳米管振动特性有限元分析

利用有限元方法对悬臂梁式单壁碳纳米管固有频率和手性角、长度、直径等几何参数之间的关系进行研究.C-C共价键作用通过等效梁单元来模拟,碳原子等效为质点,建立碳纳米管分子结构力学有限元模型,并引入了质量比例因子β来消除数值误差.数值结果表明,手性角对单壁碳纳米管的固有频率影响很小;固有频率随长度的增加而减小,但达到一定长度之后基频随长度的变化不再明显;前4阶固有频率随直径增大而增大,第5阶固有频率不随直径变化,而高阶固有频率随直径的变化不规律;在低阶模态时长度对固有频率的影响比直径的影响更加显著.     

Bending and free vibration analysis of shear deformable laminated composite beams by finite element method

In the present investigation a higher-order shear deformation theory and the conventional first-order theory are used to develop a finite element method to analyse accurately the bending and free vibration behaviour of laminated composite beams, using nine-noded isoparametric elements. The higher-order theory assumes all the displacement components, u, v and w, which contain variation up to a cubic power of z. The effects of various parameters such as fibre orientation, stacking sequence, span-to-thickness ratio and support condition on the non-dimensionalised deflections, stresses and fundamental frequencies are investigated. Cases where only the higher-order theory is likely to yield accurate results are highlighted.     

A conformal decomposition finite element method for arbitrary discontinuities on moving interfaces

Interface capturing methods using enriched finite element formulations are well suited for solving multimaterial transport problems that contain weak or strong discontinuities. The conformal decomposition FEM decomposes multimaterial elements of a non‐conforming background mesh into sub‐elements that conform to material interfaces captured using a level set method. As the interface evolves, interfacial nodes move, and background nodes may change material. The present work describes approaches for handling moving interfaces in the context of the conformal decomposition FEM for both weakly and strongly discontinuous fields. Dynamic discretization methods using extrapolation and moving mesh approaches are considered and developed with first‐order and second‐order time integration methods. The moving mesh approach is demonstrated to be a stable method that preserves both weak and strong discontinuities on a variety of one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional test problems, while achieving the expected second‐order error convergence rate in space and time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.