在粗孔a–Al2O3载体上合成NaA沸石膜

采用稀释的水玻璃作为分散介质配成0.5%(w)的NaA沸石悬浮液，对粗孔a-Al2O3(孔径3~5 mm)载体管修饰并预涂晶种，进一步采取原位水热晶化法在a-Al2O3载体管外表面制备NaA沸石膜. 重复合成5次后，在载体表面形成一层致密、连续的沸石晶体层. 由XRD确定该晶体为A型沸石，由SEM可观察到膜厚约15~20 mm，膜表面上的沸石晶体大小约为3~5 mm，晶体之间紧密孪生在一起，看不出晶间空隙. 制备的NaA沸石膜的H2渗透率为3.05′10-6 mol/(m2×s×Pa)， 对H2/N2和H2/C3H8的理想分离因数分别为6.9和15.6，超过对应的努森扩散值3.74和4.69，说明所制备的NaA沸石膜具有分子筛分性能.     

在粗孔αAl2O3载体上合成NaA沸石膜

采用稀释的水玻璃作为分散介质配成0.5(ω)的NaA沸石悬浮液,对粗孔α-Al2O3(孔径3～5μm)载体管修饰并预涂晶种,进一步采取原位水热晶化法在((Al2O3载体管外表面制备NaA沸石膜. 重复合成5次后,在载体表面形成一层致密、连续的沸石晶体层. 由XRD确定该晶体为A型沸石,由SEM可观察到膜厚约15-20μm,膜表面上的沸石晶体大小约为3-5μm,晶体之间紧密孪生在一起,看不出晶间空隙. 制备的NaA沸石膜的H2渗透率为3.05×10-6 mol/(m2(s(Pa), 对H2/N2和H2/C3H8的理想分离因数分别为6.9和15.6,超过对应的努森扩散值3.74和4.69,说明所制备的NaA沸石膜具有分子筛分性能.     

真空晶种引入法制备Silicalite-1沸石膜及其性能表征

采用抽真空法在多孔a-Al2O3载体管表面预先引入Silicalite-1沸石晶种,再通过水热合成二次晶化法在涂有Silicalite-1沸石晶种的a-Al2O3载体管上合成沸石膜. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)对合成的沸石分子筛及膜进行了表征,考察了晶种大小、真空度对合成沸石膜渗透性能的影响,用单组分气体渗透实验检测合成沸石膜的渗透性能. XRD检测结果表明,制备的沸石膜是典型的Silicalite-1沸石膜,合成的分子筛粒径分别约为0.2, 0.5, 1和2 mm,且分布均匀;SEM检测结果表明引入的晶种涂层连续、均匀,制备的Silicalite-1沸石膜致密、互生,不存在裂缺;常温常压下,H2/N2和H2/SF6的理想分离系数分别达到4.1和133.2,大于其Knudsen扩散比值3.7和8.7.     

P型沸石膜的合成及表征

采用水热合成法,详细考察了凝胶碱度对P沸石及其膜的合成的影响,发现凝胶碱度变化对合成晶化产物结构具有决定性影响,确定在实验条件下最佳合成碱度为Na2O/H2O=0.0163~ 0.0212. 在长250 mm、平均孔径3~5 mm的a-Al2O3陶瓷管外表面经二次涂膜,直接原位合成出膜厚约10~12 mm的沸石膜;XRD, SEM及H2, N2单组分气体渗透表征测试表明,载体管上的晶粒均匀规整,互锁状生长,为典型的P型沸石膜, H2和N2在膜内外压差为60~60 kPa范围内(25oC时),渗透速率分别为(3.60~3.99)10-6和(1.13~1.24)10-6 mol/(sm2Pa),同时具有较好的H2/N2选择系数(3.19~3.33).     

铝硅酸溶液中NaA型沸石分子筛膜合成规律的研究

对支撑体预处理、制膜液碱度、晶化温度和晶化时间对NaA型沸石分子筛膜性能的影响进行了综合研究,得出较优的条件是;支撑体采用去离子水浸泡,在90℃条件下晶化5小时,制膜液摩尔组成为Na2O:SiO2:Al2O3:H2O=8:1:0.2:200.SEM表明所合成的NaA型沸石分子筛在支撑体表面紧密排列形成膜层,膜厚约为3μm;NaA型沸石分子筛膜的氢气和氮气的渗透系数几乎不随平均压力变化而改变,其理想分离系数约为5,高于Knudsen扩散值,表明所合成的NaA型沸石分子筛膜具有一定的分子筛分效应.     

NaA沸石膜的制备及在一氯甲烷脱水中的应用

以氢氧化钠、铝酸钠和硅溶胶为原料,利用热浸渍提拉法预涂晶种,在孔径为2～3μm的亲水性α-Al2O3载体和孔径为800nm的疏水性炭载体上制备NaA沸石膜。借助于X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对合成的沸石膜进行了表征,采用单组分气体渗透法对NaA沸石膜的气体渗透性能进行了检测。结果表明:当H2渗透通量相近时,在亲水性α-Al2O3载体上制备的NaA沸石膜对H2/n-C4H10的分离因数为27.6,远远高于在疏水性炭载体上制备的NaA沸石膜的分离因数。NaA沸石膜在α-Al2O3载体上的生长速率为1.0μm/h,比在炭载体上生长速率快1倍,说明亲水性α-Al2O3载体更适合作为制备致密的强亲水性NaA沸石膜的载体。将在α-Al2O3载体上制备的NaA沸石膜用于一氯甲烷脱水实验,当进料水含量为0.252%(质量分数)时,水/一氯甲烷的分离因数为7.5×104。     

Preparation of NaA Membrane and Application on Dehydration of Chloromethane

以氢氧化钠、铝酸钠和硅溶胶为原料，利用热浸渍提拉法预涂晶种，在孔径为 2～3μm 的亲水性 α-Al2O3载体和孔径为 800nm 的疏水性炭载体上制备 NaA 沸石膜。借助于 X 射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对合成的沸石膜进行了表征，采用单组分气体渗透法对 NaA 沸石膜的气体渗透性能进行了检测。结果表明：当 H2渗透通量相近时，在亲水性 α-Al2O3载体上制备的 NaA 沸石膜对 H2/n-C4H10的分离因数为 27.6，远远高于在疏水性炭载体上制备的 NaA 沸石膜的分离因数。NaA 沸石膜在 α-Al2O3载体上的生长速率为 1.0μm/h，比在炭载体上生长速率快 1 倍，说明亲水性 α-Al2O3载体更适合作为制备致密的强亲水性 NaA 沸石膜的载体。将在 α-Al2O3载体上制备的 NaA 沸石膜用于一氯甲烷脱水实验，当进料水含量为 0.252% （质量分数）时，水/一氯甲烷的分离因数为 7.5×104。     

高性能Na A沸石膜的放大制备及表征

采用二次生长水热合成法,在廉价的大孔α-Al2O3载体上(长度为800 mm,外径为12 mm,平均孔尺寸为2～5μm)成功制备高分离性能NaA沸石膜。通过XRD和SEM等表征方法对制备的NaA沸石膜的分子筛晶体与表面形貌进行表征,并对其渗透汽化性能进行测试,在操作温度为75℃、真空度为500～700 Pa的条件下,对乙醇含量为90%(wt)的乙醇/水体系进行分离,渗透通量大于2.0 kg·m-2·h-1且分离系数在8 000以上。表征和测试结果表明,制备的NaA沸石膜表面晶体结晶度高、连续致密且重复性高。     

浸涂晶种法合成ZSM-5分子筛膜及气体渗透性能研究

采用操作简单,方便易行的浸涂法,在多孔α-A12O3载体表面种上晶种,再水热合成出渗透率较大的ZSM-5沸石分子筛膜.用XRD,SEM和H2,N2,CO2和CH4等气体渗透对ZSM-5沸石分子筛膜进行了表征.XRD分析表明,陶瓷基质表面的膜层是ZSM-5沸石晶相,SEM结果显示合成的沸石膜层是一层连续的多晶层,厚度约10μm.在室温,0.1MPa下对H2,N2,CO2和CH4的渗透率分别为4.76×10-6,1.36×10-6,2.07×10-6和1.80×10-6mol·m2·s-1·Pa-1,H2/N2,H2/CO2,H2/CH4的理想分离因子分别为3.50,2.30,2.64.     

纳米晶种涂层法合成Silicalite-1沸石膜

用纳米晶种涂层二次生长成膜法在大孔a-Al2O3(孔径4~6 mm)陶瓷管上合成Silicalite-1沸石膜. 用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征分析了沸石膜的形态,并通过单组分气体渗透实验对合成膜管的渗透性能进行了测试. 结果表明,合成的Silicalite-1沸石膜连续、互生,看不出晶间孔;沸石膜层厚8~10 mm;常温常压下H2/N2的理想分离系数为3.9,超过其努森扩散值3.74,H2/C3H8的理想分离系数为19.1,远大于其Knudsen扩散比值4.69,且H2的渗透率达到1.43′10-6 mol/(m2×s×Pa). 气体分离数据表明,该膜没有明显的缺陷存在.     

小晶粒NaX沸石膜的制备与表征

分别以硅溶胶和异丙醇铝为硅源和铝源,采用预涂晶种的方式,用水热合成法在氧化铝载体上合成出小晶粒NaX分子筛膜. 各组分配比为：SiO2:Al2O3=3.85~4.2, Na2O:SiO2=1.2~1.5, H2O:Na2O=40~60,用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射等手段对沸石膜进行了表征,可以看到分子筛膜生长的晶粒细小,沸石晶体的大小在500~800 nm,生长致密良好,覆盖完全,膜厚约为10 mm. 小晶粒NaX沸石膜的H2渗透率为 2.45′10-6 mol×m2/(s×Pa),H2/N2的理想分离系数达到4.21,H2/C3H8的理想分离系数达到7.56,超过对应的努森扩散值3.74和4.69.     

NaA/MCM-41微介复合分子筛的合成与表征

按n(SiO2)∶n(Na2O)∶n(Al2O3)∶n(H2O)=1∶1.5∶0.5∶100加料,在90℃下水热晶化3 h合成NaA微孔分子筛,再按n(SiO2)∶n(NaOH)∶n(CTAB)∶n(H2O)=1∶0.3∶0.3∶90依次添加到NaA微孔分子筛中,于110℃下水热晶化24 h合成NaA/MCM-41微介复合分子筛,并采用XRD、SEM(EDS)和TEM等方法对其进行了表征。吸附阳离子红X-5GN模拟染料废水结果表明,在50 mLρ(阳离子红X-5GN)=20 mg/L的水溶液中,NaA/MCM-41微介复合分子筛的投加量为0.6 g/L、pH=6、振荡时间为60 min时,脱色率可达到96.4%,比NaA分子筛和MCM-41介孔分子筛独自吸附脱色效果要好。     

支撑体材料对NaA型沸石分子筛膜形成的影响

采用水热合成法制备NaA型沸石分子筛膜,实验比较了α-AI2O3、ZrO2及TiO2三种支撑体对NaA型沸石分子筛膜形成的影响。XRD测定所合成的沸石分子筛膜是NaA型。SEM和渗透实验结果表明,沸石分子筛膜的性能与支撑体有关,TiO2优于ZrO2和α-AI2O3。TiO2支撑体上合成沸石分子筛膜的H2、N2渗透系数大小基本与膜两侧平均压力无关,理想分离系数约为8,高于Kundsen扩散分离因子3．74,表现有一定的分子筛分效应。     

体型化NaA分子筛的制备研究

以粉煤灰一步酸溶法提取氧化铝剩余的酸溶渣为原料制备具有一定强度的地质聚合物,经过水热反应原位转化NaA分子筛。通过研究合成过程中的硅铝比、碱量、液固比等因素对制备体型化分子筛的影响,得到了制备酸溶渣基地质聚合物原位转化NaA型分子筛的最佳条件：在二氧化硅与三氧化二铝物质的量比为1.8、氧化钠与三氧化二铝物质的量比为1.0、水与酸溶渣质量比为1.2条件下制备出地质聚合物,之后在0.5 mol/L的75 mL氢氧化钠溶液中晶化,在晶化温度为100 ℃、晶化时间为8 h条件下可以制备出晶相单一、结晶度高的NaA体型化分子筛。制备的NaA体型化分子筛具有明显的立方体形貌,颗粒分布均匀,孔径为0.685 nm,比表面积为86.75 m²/g,抗压强度为4.5 MPa。     

Synthesis of NaA and NaX Zeolite Membranes by Fumed Silica Via Clear Solution Gel

NaA zeolite membranes have been used for dehydration of organic solvents in laboratory and commercial scales. There are many synthesis methods and conditions for manufacturing the membranes. The use of lactescent and clear gel solutions are two of the most important choices for high quality hydrothermal synthesis of NaA zeolite membrane in gas separation or dehydration of organic solvents. In this article, effect of hydrothermal synthesis time was investigated using the clear gel solution (Al₂O₃:5SiO₂:50Na₂O:1000H₂O). Phase transformation from NaA to NaX was recognized as the most possible event when the clear gel solution was used. XRD spectra, SEM images, and GC analyses were used for evaluation of zeolite crystal phase, the membrane layer quality, and the contents of organic substances (ethanol or 2-propanol) in feed and permeate streams in pervaporation tests, respectively. From synthesis of zeolite membrane at different times, it was revealed that for achieving the pure NaA zeolite phase the synthesis time should not exceed 3 h at 100°C.     

Scale-up of NaA zeolite membranes onα-Al2O3 hollow fibers by a secondary growth method with vacuum seeding

NaA zeolite membranes were prepared by secondary growth method on the outer surface ofα-Al2O3 hollow fiber supports. Vacuum seeding method was used for planting zeolite seeds on the support surfaces. Hydrother-mal crystallization was then carried out in a synthesis solution with molar ratio of Al2O3:SiO2:Na2O:H2O=1:2:2:120 at 100 °C for 4 h. Effects of seeding conditions on preparation of hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes were extensively investigated. Moreover, hollow fiber membrane modules with packing membrane areas of ca. 0.1 and 0.2 m2 were fabricated to separate ethanol/water mixture. It is found that the thickness of seed layer is obviously affected by seed suspension concentration, coating time and vacuum degree. Close-packing seed layer is required to obtain high-quality membranes. The optimized seeding conditions (seed suspension mass concentration of 0.5%–0.7%, coating time of 5 s and vacuum degree of 10 kPa) lead to dense NaA zeolite layer with a thickness of 6–8μm. Typically, an as-synthesized hollow fiber NaA zeolite membrane exhibits good pervaporation performance with a permeation flux of 7.02 kg·m?2·h?1 and separation factor N 10000 for sepa-ration of 90%(by mass) ethanol/water mixture at 75 °C. High reproducibility has been achieved for batch-scale production of hollow fiber NaA zeolite membranes by the hydrothermal synthesis approach.     

4A沸石合成工艺研究与产物表征

利用正交优选实验研究了硅铝比、钠硅比、水钠比、反应温度和反应时间等5个因素对水热合成4A沸石的影响,在此基础上还研究了超声波辅助水热合成4A沸石,利用XRD、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)和钙离子交换能力对4A沸石进行了表征。正交优选实验结果表明:硅铝比是影响4A沸石钙离子交换能力的主要因素,其次是钠硅比和反应时间,水钠比和反应温度的影响最小;水热合成4A沸石的最佳工艺为以硅铝物质的量比为1.5、钠硅物质的量比为2.05、水钠物质的量比为150配制硅铝酸钠凝胶,于130℃下晶化5 h。通过水热合成及超声波辅助水热合成的4A沸石的对比表明:一定时间的超声波辅助水热合成更容易得到较高性能的4A沸石。     

Structure,stability and permeation properties of NaA zeolite membranes for H2O/H2 and CH3OH/H2 separations

NaA zeolite membranes were synthesised in the secondary growth hydrothermal method based on the seeding of the inner surface of a ceramic α-alumina tube. The impacts of crystallisation time and zeolite precursor concentration (in H₂O) were investigated. The structure and stability of the prepared NaA zeolite membranes were also investigated with operating temperatures, times and pressures. The results indicate that the optimal synthesis gel molar composition was 3Na₂O: 2SiO₂: Al₂O₃: 200H₂O. This led to cubic-shaped NaA zeolite which showed good stability. The optimal NaA zeolite membrane had H₂O and CH₃OH fluxes of 2.77 and 0.19 kg/m²h, with H₂O/H₂ and CH₃OH/H₂ separation factors of ∞ and 0.09 at a temperature of 30 °C. The NaA zeolite membrane had high thermal stability, but poor separation performance at high temperature (240 °C). The results suggested that the H₂ permeation flux is significantly influenced by preferential adsorption of vapour in the NaA zeolite membrane.     

Synthesis of NaA zeolite from kaolin source

In this work, zeolite NaA was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method using kaolin as a combined source for silica and alumina. Zeolite NaA with high static water adsorption was synthesized from the low-cost raw material, kaolin, and the reaction parameters were optimized. Metakaolin was obtained by calcining kaolin at temperatures ranged from 953 K to 1173 K. The synthesis mixture was pre-crystallized at 343 K and crystallized at 373 K successively. Zeolite NaA was obtained, which was confirmed by SEM, XRD and the water adsorption analysis. The optimized metakaolinization temperature was found at 973 K. The influence of Na₂O/SiO₂ molar ratio, pre-crystallization time and seed on the crystallization of NaA zeolite was investigated. A thorough mixing of metakaolin and NaOH solution was favourable for the nucleation/crystallization rate. The obtained NaA zeolite under the optimized conditions shows excellent crystallinity and static water adsorption of 28.0 wt-%, which was higher than 25.9 wt-% of the commercial NaA zeolite. Kaolin was suggested to be a feasible and economical raw material for the practical industrial applications for NaA zeolite.