玩具品质与成本控制

在一个玩具的论坛上，有网友问：“好的玩具产品到底是设计出来的。还是品质控制出来的？”这个问题不好回答，一些在OEM生产厂家工作的网友。选“品质控制”的比较多，而在有自己品牌的玩具厂家工作的网友，选“设计”的比较多。笔者喜欢把一个产品比作一个人，这样就会有三层重要的意思：设计是好产品的生命之水，只有好的设计，才能为有好的产品打下基础，这就好比一方水土养一方人。生产是好产品的生存之食，只有足够好的生产过程，才能有好的产品的出现的可能，营养好一点的小孩总会健康一点。品质则是好产品的衣服，只有好的品质，这个产品才能出来见人。[编者按]     

速冻果蔬的生产工艺及产品品质控制

介绍了速冻果蔬的生产工艺及产品质量控制措施。用优质的原料，科学的加工处理和贮藏，良好的包装材料，才能获得优质的速冻果蔬产品。速冻果疏产品的质量是否良好，与加工过程的各个环节有直接关系，任何一个环节出现问题，都不会得到高质量的产品。     

坚持全面质量管理 提高产品一等品率

坚持全面质量管理　提高产品一等品率河南第二纺织器材厂从１９８９年开始，对钢片综产品坚持ＴＱＣ管理，应用科学有效的ＰＤＢＡ循环，三年迈出三大步，产品一等品率逐年提高，创造了较好的经济效益。我厂钢片综生产目前还采用传统的分散式加工方法。影响产品一等品率，...     

浅谈杀菌机控制方案及PU值控制

本控制系统采用贝加莱工业控制产品，其产品的技术先进、自动化程度高，具有操作简单、显示直观、调节性能稳定、运行可靠、抗干扰能力强、维护方便等优点，是啤酒、饮料生产线自动化的新型控制设备。贝加莱全自动杀菌机控制系统的作用是由以下控制实现的。     

食品生产企业如何安全度夏

食品生产企业在夏季产品如何安全度夏的控制要点,主要从各车间的卫生、消毒控制、产品控制等三个方面,并结合本公司的实际详细进行阐述,提供了一套很好的控制方法.     

太湖银鱼的速冻加工与质量控制

对太湖银鱼为原料、经速冻而成的出口冻银鱼的生产加工工艺流程以厦相关的操作要点进行了探讨与研究，并且提出了产品的理化与微生物等质量指标和产品等级标准；分析研究了产品的质量安全控制管理体系。     

价值分析在纺织机械产品成本控制中的应用探讨

价值分析是以最低总成本出发，为用户提供适合功能要求的，产品的一种技术经济分析方法。它主要用于在产的产品（工程），改进设计、工艺、用料、组织管理等，以求在保证产品质量的前提下降低成本，确保企业和用户双方的利益。应用价值分析能挖掘提高产品质量和降低产品成本的潜力，增强产品的竞争能力，并使企业增加利润。现就我厂实际探讨价值分析在纺织机械产品成本控制中的应用。　　一、控制产品成本，提高产品价值价值分析的目的就是提高产品的价值。价值分析中所定义的价值是指产品的功能与其成本的比值。产品的功能是指产品具有的使…     

关于质量控制图控制界限的探讨

根据纺织工业的产品合格率水平，确定生产过程控制图的控制界限，并结合实例计算出了对应的数值。从而使控制图在纺织工业生产中能得到推广应用。该方法也适用于其它类似行业。     

包装物资质量管理要点

好的产品离不开好的产品形象,好的产品形象又要以好的产品外包装为依托,包装物料的情况则是决定产品外包装好坏的根本之根本,对于啤酒产品而言,这一点尤为重要。然而,我国各啤酒企业使用包装物资的质量状况不容乐观,市场上经常有由于包装物质量引起的消费者反馈。各啤酒企业应加强对包装物资质量的控制和管理,提供消费者美观、安全、放心的产品。根据近几年我们从事包装物资研究和管理的经     

影响扎染产品效果的多种因素分析

扎染技术在手工印染中占有重要地位。扎染产品不仅在国内受到消费者欢迎，在海外也得到很多外国人的青睐。这一古老染整技术如今在科技人员不懈努力下获得了很大发展，新品种不断产生，目前正向着产品面料多元化发展。但截止到目前，在扎染产品加工过程中存在诸多问题，具体表现在加工产品受生产者人为因素影响较大，加工产品生产工艺控制不好，扎染产品成品率低，浪费染料等问题．产生这些问题首先是由扎染本身特点决定的，因为扎染技术不可能全部由机器代替人工，其次是影响扎染产品质量的各种技术因素所致．在扎染产品质量评定中规定：一…     

Relationships between reproductive traits of heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan

The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between reproductive traits in heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan. Insemination and lactation records for cows calved between 1990 and 2003 in Hokkaido region were obtained. Age at first service, age at conception, and conception rate for first service were calculated for heifers. Days from calving to first service, days open, and conception rate for first service were calculated for first- and second-parity cows. The yield traits used were 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields. A threshold animal model was applied for the conception rate for first service, and a linear animal model was applied for the other traits. Single-trait and 2-trait genetic analyses were performed by the Bayesian method using Gibbs sampling. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.027 to 0.051 for conception rate for first service, and from 0.074 to 0.128 for the other reproductive traits. If the relationships of other traits were not considered, days from calving to first service was favorable to genetic selection for reproductive traits because of relatively high heritability and because it can be available earlier than the days open. Genetic correlations among reproductive traits were high, especially in cows. The genetic correlations between reproductive traits for heifers and those for cows were lower than the genetic correlations between reproductive traits for first parity and those of second parity, suggesting that reproductive traits for heifers should be evaluated separately from reproductive traits for cows. Genetic correlations between yield and reproductive traits in cows were antagonistic. In contrast, genetic correlations between reproductive traits for heifers and yield traits were slightly desirable. Depending on the reporting rate of insemination records for heifers and the results of investigations for relationships with productive maturity, selection by reproductive traits for heifers will enable the improvement of reproductive performance without a loss in genetic progress for yield traits.     

THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING ANALYSIS COMMITTEE: RECOMMENDED MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS

The Microbiology Sub-Committee of the Analysis Committee has recommended procedures for gram staining, establishing the level of total and bacterial contamination, for carrying out the lysine plating technique, for swabbing plant, for examining sugar syrups and wort syrups, for the examination of drinking glasses, for evaluating the sterility of beer containers and for performing the membrane filtration technique.     

配制酒的沉淀成分分析方法

配制酒产生沉淀的因素很多,沉淀成分复杂,可采用不同分析方法分析不同沉淀成分。生物碱可采用硅钨酸试法、碘化汞钾试法、碘化钍钾试法分析;氨基酸、蛋白质可采用茚三酮试法、双缩脲反应法、溴百里蓝钠盐法分析;有机酸可用pH试纸、溴酚蓝法和吖啶试法分析;酚类化合物和鞣质可用1％三氯化铁试法、香草醛-盐酸试法、三氯化铁—铁氰化钾试法分析;糖、多糖和配糖体可用α萘酚试法、氨性硝酸银试剂分析;皂甙和甾体可用醋酐浓硫酸法分析;黄酮体可用三氯化铝乙醇试法、盐酸镁粉法分析;蒽醌类用硼酸水溶液、氢氧化钾水溶液法分析;强心甙用kedde法或legal法分析：挥发油和油脂用荧光素水溶液法等分析.     

造纸法烟草薄片磨浆专用磨片的研究与应用

磨浆是造纸法烟草薄片生产过程中的重要操作单元,其原料性能复杂、工艺特殊,使得其磨浆过程较为复杂.本研究分析了造纸法烟草薄片磨浆过程烟梗与烟末原料的特点,结合磨浆工艺及磨后浆料特性,介绍了造纸法烟草薄片磨浆专用磨片.烟草薄片磨浆专用磨片主要有梗末混合磨浆磨片、烟梗磨浆磨片及烟末磨浆磨片3种.通过对现有造纸法烟草薄片专用磨...     

烤烟烘烤54度稳温时间对烟叶品质及效益的影响

通过对不同部位最佳采收成熟度烟叶54 ℃稳温时间的研究,分析了不同稳温处理与烟叶品质和可用性的关系。结果表明,变黄期采用“低温慢变黄”处理,上部叶54 ℃稳温16 h、中部叶稳温24 h、下部叶稳温8 h或16 h其致香前体物质含量较其他处理高;上部叶稳温16 h、中部叶稳温8 h或24 h、下部采收烟叶稳温16 h能获得较好的外观质量;下部适熟叶稳温16 h或24 h处理、中部采收烟叶稳温8 h处理、上部成熟烟叶稳温16 h处理物理特性较好;下部叶稳温8 h或16 h、中部叶稳温8 h、上部叶稳温16 h或24 h处理,香气质较细腻,吃味醇和,刺激性和劲头较小,余味较好。综合各处理烟叶品质,并结合经济性状分析表明,变黄期采用“低温慢变黄”处理,下部适熟烟叶54 ℃稳温16 h、中部成熟烟叶稳温8 h、上部成熟烟叶稳温16 h的处理,初烤烟叶能获得较好的综合品质和经济效益。     

大黑粉盗与赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗对磷化氢的耐受力比较研究

潜在危害的储粮害虫大黑粉盗Cynaeus angustus研究缺乏,掌握其磷化氢耐受力有助于科学治理。采用快速击倒和FAO推荐方法测定了磷化氢对大黑粉盗的KT50值和毒力方程,并与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum和锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus进行了比较,测定了100、200、300、400、500 mL/m3磷化氢模拟熏蒸中3种害虫卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫不同时间的死亡率。磷化氢对大黑粉盗、赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的KT50值分别为7、127和3 736 min,相应毒力方程斜率值b为3.67、8.28和9.94,相应LC50值为0.008、1.34和5.88 mg/L。害虫不同虫态在100~500 mL/m3浓度下的半数致死时间LT50值于大黑粉盗卵为4~2 h、幼虫4~1 h、蛹4~1 h、成虫3~1 h,于赤拟谷盗为卵12~5 d、幼虫11~5 d、蛹13~7 d、成虫10~4 d,于锈赤扁谷盗为卵28~13 d、幼虫为18～9 d,蛹26～11 d,成虫17~9 d。相应的完全致死时间（LT100）于大黑粉盗卵为21~6 h、幼虫8~3 h、蛹9~6 h、成虫5~3 h,于赤拟谷盗卵为21~18 d、幼虫21~15 d、蛹27~18 d、成虫21~12 d,于锈赤扁谷盗卵为54~30 d、幼虫42~30 d、蛹48~30 d、成虫36~25 d。所测大黑粉盗为磷化氢敏感品系,其各虫态对磷化氢的耐受力为卵>蛹>幼虫>成虫,其耐受力远小于赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗磷化氢抗性品系。     

Assessment of dietary exposure to annatto (E160b), nitrites (E249-250), sulphites (E220-228) and tartaric acid (E334) in the French population: the second French total diet study

The results of the assessment of the dietary exposure to annatto, nitrites, tartaric acid and sulphites within the framework of the second French total diet study (TDS) are reported. These 4 additives were selected from the Bemrah et al. study [Bemrah N, Leblanc JC, Volatier JL. 2008. Assessment of dietary exposure in the French population to 13 selected food colours, preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, emulsifiers and sweeteners. Food Addit Contam B. 1(1):2–14] on 13 food additives which identified a possible health risk for annatto, sulphites and nitrites and a lack of data for tartaric acid. Among the composite samples selected for the whole TDS, 524 were analysed for additives (a sample was analysed for a given additive when it was identified as a major contributor for this additive only): 130 for tartaric acid, 135 for nitrites, 59 for annatto and 200 for sulphites. Estimated concentrations (minimum lower bound to maximum upper bound) vary nationally from 0 to 9?mg/kg for annatto, 0 to 420?mg/kg for tartaric acid, 0 to 108?mg/kg for sulphites and 0 to 3.4?mg/kg for nitrites. Based on the analytical results, the dietary exposure was calculated for adults and children, separately, using lower bound and upper bound assumptions. The European ADIs for these 4 additives were not exceeded except for the dietary exposure for sulphites among 2.9% of the adult population, where the major contributors were alcoholic drinks and especially wine under both hypotheses (lower and upper bound).     

Performance of Holstein clones in the United States

Phenotypic and genetic performance of US Holstein clones from embryo splitting (ETS) and nuclear transfer (ETN) was documented for yield and fitness traits. Holstein Association USA has registered 2319 ETS and 215 ETN clones. The number of male clones has decreased. Animals selected for cloning were slightly superior genetically to population mean for yield traits. For females, mean superiority of pedigree merit of ETS clones was 186 kg for milk, 9 kg for fat, and 7 kg for protein compared with the population for the same birth year; for ETN clones, superiority to the population was 165, 10, and 8 kg. Advantage in pedigree merit for male clones generally was slightly greater. The small pedigree advantage for female clones of <1 standard deviation above breed mean indicates that selection of animals to clone was not based primarily on yield. Yield deviations were lower for ETS clones than for their full siblings, which indicates a possible impact of the technology on performance. Yields were lower for ETN clones than for their noncloned full siblings, but differences were small and based on small numbers of clones. Milk composition for cloned cows was not different from that for the population. Estimated genetic merit based on daughter yield was more similar for male clone pairs with apparent identical genotype than for clone pairs from the same biotechnology but nonidentical as confirmed by blood typing. For ETS clones with confirmed identical genotypes, identical genetic merit should be assigned.     

保健品中牛羊源性成分的PCR检测

本文根据牛、羊线粒体mtDNA中的保守序列，设计了针对牛羊源性成分检测的特异性扩增引物，通过聚合酶链反应技术(Polymerase Chain Reaction，PCR)建立了保健品中牛羊源性成分的快速检测方法。通过内切酶DpnⅡ和SspⅠ可分别对牛羊成分的扩增结果进行进一步验证，该方法对牛源性成分的检测低限为0．05％，对山羊和绵羊源性成分的检测低限分别为0．005％和和0．5％，可作为保健品中牛羊源性成分检测有效方法，也可作为保健品及动物源性产品中成分真伪鉴别的准确、可靠方法。     

不同海洋生物源肝素的理化性质及抗凝血活性

为研究和开发海洋生物源肝素,本实验采用酶解醇沉法从9?种海洋生物中提取出粗肝素,采用紫外光谱法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法和高效液相色谱法对其理化性质和结构特性进行分析,并通过体外凝血实验分析其抗凝血活性。结果表明：9?种肝素粗品的肝素含量从高到低依次为凡纳滨对虾（Penaeus vannaei）虾头339.92?μg/mg、海蚌（Mactra antiquata）239.15?μg/mg、泥蚶（Tegillarca granosa）234.85?μg/mg、蛏子（Sinonovacula constricta）218.29?μg/mg、文蛤（Meretrix meretrix L.）214.78?μg/mg、钝缀锦蛤（Tapes dorsatus）212.194?μg/mg、海湾扇贝（Argopecten irradias）68.52?μg/mg、象拔蚌（Panopea abrupta）61.48?μg/mg、菲律宾蛤蜊（Ruditapes philippinarum）24.29?μg/mg,其均为吡喃糖,且都含有肝素的主要单糖：氨基葡萄糖、艾杜糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸。体外凝血实验结果表明,9?种粗肝素效价从高到低依次为海蚌67.1?U/mg、凡纳滨对虾虾头59.3?U/mg、文蛤44.0?U/mg、钝缀锦蛤39.2?U/mg、蛏子35.0?U/mg、泥蚶29.6?U/mg、象拔蚌27.2?U/mg、海湾扇贝27.1?U/mg、菲律宾蛤蜊24.1?U/mg,它们具有不同强度的抗凝血活性,且发挥抗凝血作用的途径不同。实验结果可为海洋源肝素的开发提供参考。