PVC混合垃圾微波裂解产物热解动力学研究

对PVC粉末与垃圾微波裂解产物混合物进行热分析动力学研究。利用综合热分析仪对PVC粉末与垃圾微波裂解产物混合物进行热分析,并用热重分析法（TG）分析,选用Kissinger法和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa法进行数据处理计算出混合物热分解动力学参数。     

Gasification process of wastes containing PVC

Solid waste, in dealing with the growing presence of organic compounds, especially plastics, can be considered an important source of energy since they are inexpensive and easily obtainable materials. However, the presence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the waste can result in a recycling problem when thermal treatment is involved.This work shows the possibilities of recovering energy from waste containing PVC by a gasification process without additional dechlorination facilities.Experimental data obtained in a bench scale two-stage reactor indicate that the addition of Na₂CO₃ in a blend containing refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and PVC is efficient in eliminating chlorine from the produced off-gas. On the contrary, the less expensive calcium compounds do not show a satisfactory chlorine removal. A thermodynamic simulation of the process substantially leads to the same results.Starting from this study, the working conditions for gasifying waste blends containing PVC in a scaled-up two-stage reactor can be predicted. According to the simulation, the obtained syngas shows that the polluting compounds content is lower than the Italian law limit. As a consequence, it can be used directly to obtain electric power and/or local heating.     

生物质热解研究进展

当今社会面临着能源短缺和环境破坏日益严重等问题,生物质能源作为可再生绿色能源,大量开发利用对于工业和社会生活中具有重要的意义。生物质热解技术是将生物质转化成生物质能的有效可行方法之一。为实现生物质能源工业化、规模化生产,必须要完善热解反应技术及其核心热解反应器装置。在分析了生物质热解机理的基础上,着重介绍了热解反应器的类型以及其特点。     

Pyrolysis kinetics of olive residue/plastic mixtures by non-isothermal thermogravimetry

The TGA studies of a pyrolytic decomposition of mixtures of olive residue/plastic were carried out. The investigation was made at the temperature ranging from 300 to 1273 K) in the nitrogen atmosphere at four heating rates β = 2, 10, 20 and 50 K min^− 1. High density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) were selected as plastic samples. Based on the results obtained, three thermal stages were identified during the thermal degradation. The first two were dominated by the olive residue pyrolysis, while the third was linked to the plastics pyrolysis, which occurred at much higher temperatures. Discrepancies between the experimental and calculated TG/DTG profiles were considered as a measurement of the extent of interactions occurring on pyrolysis olive residue/plastic mixtures. The maximum degradation temperatures of each component in the mixture were higher than those of the individual components. These experimental results indicate a significant synergistic effect during olive residue and plastic co-pyrolysis at the high temperature region. In addition, a kinetic analysis was performed to fit thermogravimetric data. A reasonable fit to the experimental data was obtained for all materials and their mixtures.     

Investigation into the removal of sulfur from tire derived fuel by pyrolysis

There is growing interest in the use of scrap tires as both a fuel and a feed material for petroleum feedstocks due to their abundance and their chemical composition. However, the sulfur content of scrap tires is a potential obstacle to scrap tires utilization as a fuel. In this paper, the partitioning of sulfur was investigated from the two major pyrolytic products from passenger car tires, liquid oils and solid chars, and the potential of producing a low sulfur char for fuel applications. The removal of sulfur during tire pyrolysis offers the greatest potential for the separation of sulfur products from the evolved gases and vapors. The influences of heating rate and pyrolysis temperature were investigated from 325 to 1000 °C, a range where substantial devolatilization occurs. The pyrolysis char and derived oil were analyzed for sulfur, and compared to the original parent sulfur content in tire derived fuel (TDF) samples. The results of sulfur determination verify that the overall desulfurization from the pyrolysis reaction is essentially unaffected by the heating rate but is affected by the ultimate pyrolysis temperature.     

神奇的PVC助剂

提出了一种以有机改性的硅氧烷为基质的消泡剂，并从理论上进行了分析，指出该消泡剂兼具有机消泡剂和硅消泡剂的优点，且避免了其缺点，并对其在PVC工业消泡剂的生产和配方中的应用进行了介绍。     

Steady-state-current impedance spectroscopy of plasticized PVC membranes containing neutral ion carriers

Impedance spectroscopy measurements on plasticized PVC ion-selective membranes containing neutral carriers provided evidence for both bulk and interfacial features. Under steady-state currents, the systems showed concentration polarization of neutral carriers and ionic species. The shortage of neutral carriers at one of the interfaces was correlated with the presence of a low-frequency kinetic semi-circle and a Warburg impedance. The changes in ionic concentration profiles were associated with an increase in bulk membrane resistance and Warburg impedance.     

PVC用量对ABS/PVC性能的影响

本文主要论述了在ABS/PVC共混体系中PVC用量对共混体系性能的影响,同时发现,所研究开发的Z117合金性能上达到PA766指标。     

含PVC混合塑料水热反应中的氯迁移特性

聚氯乙烯(PVC)的大量使用导致城市生活垃圾(MSW)中的氯含量相对较高。水热反应将氯尤其是有机氯高效脱除是实现垃圾无害化处理和资源化利用的前提。MSW中塑料组分复杂,有机氯主要来源于PVC,研究影响PVC水热脱氯中氯迁移特性的因素具有重要意义。选取两种型号(HB-65和S-65)的PVC和聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)作为原料,研究了PVC自身性能和水热条件对氯脱除的影响规律,考察了塑料混合水热过程中的氯迁移特征。结果表明,PVC自身性能是影响水热脱氯内在因素,水热条件如水热温度、保温时间和反应物浓度是外在因素。塑料因不同的热膨胀性在混合水热过程中存在协同效应,添加PP和ABS使PVCHB-65脱氯率分别下降了71.66%和70.96%,使PVCS-65脱氯率分别下降了19.05%和18.15%;添加PE和PS使PVCHB-65脱氯率分别下降了71.06%和43.06%,使PVCS-65脱氯率分别升高了8.20%和46.70%。     

废轮胎热裂解研究进展

废轮胎是继白色污染后的又一大污染——黑色污染,世界各国都在积极寻求科学的方法处理废轮胎。近年来,废轮胎的热裂解受到了广泛的关注。介绍了废轮胎裂解处理的优势,热裂解技术和工艺,裂解产物的表征、改性和应用,以及裂解技术今后的发展前景。     

PVC生产技术的优化

叙述了40万t／a聚氯乙烯生产工艺及特点。介绍了生产工艺和装置在运行中暴露出来的问题以及采取的技改措施。     

PVC芯层发泡管的共挤出

介绍了共挤出的PVC芯层发泡管的工艺流程和模头装置,并讨论了共挤管材的原材料选择及配方构成.     

世界PVC工业现状及我国PVC行业分析

介绍了世界PVC工业的发展近况，指出目前世界PVC市场供需基本平衡，生产工艺仍以乙烯氧氯化法为主，预计到2005年和2010年PVC需求量将分别达到3100万t和3700万t。分析了我国PVC工业的发展特点与趋势，指出在重点发展乙烯法的同时，还应注重提升电石法在技术与能耗等方面的竞争力，实行“两条腿”走路；2002年PVC表观消费量达554．3万t，占世界总消费量的19．8％，但人均消费量仅为世界平均水平的一半；硬制品比例已上升至47％；指出PVC装置规模大型化、品种精细化和多样化、工艺技术先进化以及电石法PVC环保治理的完善仍是我国PVC行业的发展方向。     

硬质高聚合度PVC的改性

以硬质高聚合度ＰＶＣ为对象,采用ＤＯＰ、ＣＰＥ或ＳＡＮ进行增韧改性,研究了液体丁腈、ＡＣＲ及内、外润滑剂对加工流变性能的影响,结果表明,ＣＰＥ是高聚合度ＰＶＣ的优良增韧改性剂,对拉伸强度影响很小,ＳＡＮ对ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ＝１００／１０体系起到既增韧又增强效果,用量在３份以下,ＬＮＢＲ可降低熔体的表观粘度、缩短塑化时间,降低能耗,改善流变性,ＡＣＲ－２可明显改善熔体强度,促进熔融塑化,在高速剪切下,表面平整光滑,从力学性能、混炼状态、熔体流动和挤出物外观,选择ＥＳＯ、丁二烯、ＴＲＯ１６为润滑剂。硬质料的挤出性能及外观接近进口料水平。     

PVC聚合釜防粘釜技术

论述了PVC聚合釜防粘釜技术的机理及选择防粘釜剂的技术要点。重点介绍了自主开发的PVC聚合釜防粘釜喷涂设备及其操作要点。     

Characterization of a lab-scale platinum filament pyrolyzer for studying the fast devolatilization of solid fuels

Platinum filament pyrolyzers achieve very high temperature and heating rate and can provide useful parameters for practical applications in combustion, pyrolysis and gasification processes. The critical use of an experimental instrument is necessary to provide reliable data. In this work, a commercial pyrolyzer (CDS Pyroprobe 2000) is characterized to obtain a correspondence between the nominal and the effective operating conditions. This is the basis for the modeling estimation of the effective thermal history of the sample during each experimental run. The experimental results obtained performing the devolatilization of coals, biomass and waste fuels using the pyrolyzer are compared with those obtained in a conventional thermogravimetric balance, to evaluate the effects of extremely different operating conditions. The amount of volatile released programming the most severe thermal conditions using the pyrolyzer (thus in conditions more similar to large-scale plants) differs significantly from that of thermogravimetric runs. Global kinetics are obtained fitting the experimental results and using the thermal history of the sample from the model results. They depend strongly on the conditions used for the devolatilization. Global kinetics obtained in the thermogravimetric balance runs (low heating rate) overestimate the rate of devolatilization in the pyrolyzer (high heating rate).     

聚氯乙烯现状分析及展望

介绍了世界及我国PVC树脂生产和市场情况，并进行了对比。指出为满足国际、国内市场的需求，应着力增加PVC牌号并提高质量。     

添加纳米CaCO_3的PVC门窗异型材的配方研究

采用转矩流变仪对纳米CaCO3、普通CaCO3进行了对比研究,总结出了纳米CaCo3的性能特点,并结合实际生产经验,经过多次试验,确定了纳米CaCO3、普通CaCO3的最佳配比组合,研究出成本较低、质量较好的PVC门窗异型材生产配方.     

PVC聚合配方的优化

概述了45m^3聚合釜的主要技术参数,通过试验优化了聚合配方：增加氯乙烯1．3t、消泡剂2．5kg,减少水1t、分散剂1．4kg,由引发剂1改用引发剂2,提高了PVC产量,获得直接经济效益3316．5万元／a。