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Gasification process of wastes containing PVC 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Solid waste, in dealing with the growing presence of organic compounds, especially plastics, can be considered an important source of energy since they are inexpensive and easily obtainable materials. However, the presence of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the waste can result in a recycling problem when thermal treatment is involved.This work shows the possibilities of recovering energy from waste containing PVC by a gasification process without additional dechlorination facilities.Experimental data obtained in a bench scale two-stage reactor indicate that the addition of Na2CO3 in a blend containing refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and PVC is efficient in eliminating chlorine from the produced off-gas. On the contrary, the less expensive calcium compounds do not show a satisfactory chlorine removal. A thermodynamic simulation of the process substantially leads to the same results.Starting from this study, the working conditions for gasifying waste blends containing PVC in a scaled-up two-stage reactor can be predicted. According to the simulation, the obtained syngas shows that the polluting compounds content is lower than the Italian law limit. As a consequence, it can be used directly to obtain electric power and/or local heating. 相似文献
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A. Aboulkas K. El harfi A. El bouadili M. Nadifiyine M. Benchanaa A. Mokhlisse 《Fuel Processing Technology》2009
The TGA studies of a pyrolytic decomposition of mixtures of olive residue/plastic were carried out. The investigation was made at the temperature ranging from 300 to 1273 K) in the nitrogen atmosphere at four heating rates β = 2, 10, 20 and 50 K min− 1. High density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) were selected as plastic samples. Based on the results obtained, three thermal stages were identified during the thermal degradation. The first two were dominated by the olive residue pyrolysis, while the third was linked to the plastics pyrolysis, which occurred at much higher temperatures. Discrepancies between the experimental and calculated TG/DTG profiles were considered as a measurement of the extent of interactions occurring on pyrolysis olive residue/plastic mixtures. The maximum degradation temperatures of each component in the mixture were higher than those of the individual components. These experimental results indicate a significant synergistic effect during olive residue and plastic co-pyrolysis at the high temperature region. In addition, a kinetic analysis was performed to fit thermogravimetric data. A reasonable fit to the experimental data was obtained for all materials and their mixtures. 相似文献
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There is growing interest in the use of scrap tires as both a fuel and a feed material for petroleum feedstocks due to their abundance and their chemical composition. However, the sulfur content of scrap tires is a potential obstacle to scrap tires utilization as a fuel. In this paper, the partitioning of sulfur was investigated from the two major pyrolytic products from passenger car tires, liquid oils and solid chars, and the potential of producing a low sulfur char for fuel applications. The removal of sulfur during tire pyrolysis offers the greatest potential for the separation of sulfur products from the evolved gases and vapors. The influences of heating rate and pyrolysis temperature were investigated from 325 to 1000 °C, a range where substantial devolatilization occurs. The pyrolysis char and derived oil were analyzed for sulfur, and compared to the original parent sulfur content in tire derived fuel (TDF) samples. The results of sulfur determination verify that the overall desulfurization from the pyrolysis reaction is essentially unaffected by the heating rate but is affected by the ultimate pyrolysis temperature. 相似文献
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Impedance spectroscopy measurements on plasticized PVC ion-selective membranes containing neutral carriers provided evidence for both bulk and interfacial features. Under steady-state currents, the systems showed concentration polarization of neutral carriers and ionic species. The shortage of neutral carriers at one of the interfaces was correlated with the presence of a low-frequency kinetic semi-circle and a Warburg impedance. The changes in ionic concentration profiles were associated with an increase in bulk membrane resistance and Warburg impedance. 相似文献
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PVC用量对ABS/PVC性能的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
本文主要论述了在ABS/PVC共混体系中PVC用量对共混体系性能的影响,同时发现,所研究开发的Z117合金性能上达到PA766指标。 相似文献
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聚氯乙烯(PVC)的大量使用导致城市生活垃圾(MSW)中的氯含量相对较高。水热反应将氯尤其是有机氯高效脱除是实现垃圾无害化处理和资源化利用的前提。MSW中塑料组分复杂,有机氯主要来源于PVC,研究影响PVC水热脱氯中氯迁移特性的因素具有重要意义。选取两种型号(HB-65和S-65)的PVC和聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)作为原料,研究了PVC自身性能和水热条件对氯脱除的影响规律,考察了塑料混合水热过程中的氯迁移特征。结果表明,PVC自身性能是影响水热脱氯内在因素,水热条件如水热温度、保温时间和反应物浓度是外在因素。塑料因不同的热膨胀性在混合水热过程中存在协同效应,添加PP和ABS使PVCHB-65脱氯率分别下降了71.66%和70.96%,使PVCS-65脱氯率分别下降了19.05%和18.15%;添加PE和PS使PVCHB-65脱氯率分别下降了71.06%和43.06%,使PVCS-65脱氯率分别升高了8.20%和46.70%。 相似文献
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世界PVC工业现状及我国PVC行业分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
介绍了世界PVC工业的发展近况,指出目前世界PVC市场供需基本平衡,生产工艺仍以乙烯氧氯化法为主,预计到2005年和2010年PVC需求量将分别达到3100万t和3700万t。分析了我国PVC工业的发展特点与趋势,指出在重点发展乙烯法的同时,还应注重提升电石法在技术与能耗等方面的竞争力,实行“两条腿”走路;2002年PVC表观消费量达554.3万t,占世界总消费量的19.8%,但人均消费量仅为世界平均水平的一半;硬制品比例已上升至47%;指出PVC装置规模大型化、品种精细化和多样化、工艺技术先进化以及电石法PVC环保治理的完善仍是我国PVC行业的发展方向。 相似文献
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硬质高聚合度PVC的改性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以硬质高聚合度PVC为对象,采用DOP、CPE或SAN进行增韧改性,研究了液体丁腈、ACR及内、外润滑剂对加工流变性能的影响,结果表明,CPE是高聚合度PVC的优良增韧改性剂,对拉伸强度影响很小,SAN对PVC/CPE=100/10体系起到既增韧又增强效果,用量在3份以下,LNBR可降低熔体的表观粘度、缩短塑化时间,降低能耗,改善流变性,ACR-2可明显改善熔体强度,促进熔融塑化,在高速剪切下,表面平整光滑,从力学性能、混炼状态、熔体流动和挤出物外观,选择ESO、丁二烯、TRO16为润滑剂。硬质料的挤出性能及外观接近进口料水平。 相似文献
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论述了PVC聚合釜防粘釜技术的机理及选择防粘釜剂的技术要点。重点介绍了自主开发的PVC聚合釜防粘釜喷涂设备及其操作要点。 相似文献
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Characterization of a lab-scale platinum filament pyrolyzer for studying the fast devolatilization of solid fuels 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Platinum filament pyrolyzers achieve very high temperature and heating rate and can provide useful parameters for practical applications in combustion, pyrolysis and gasification processes. The critical use of an experimental instrument is necessary to provide reliable data. In this work, a commercial pyrolyzer (CDS Pyroprobe 2000) is characterized to obtain a correspondence between the nominal and the effective operating conditions. This is the basis for the modeling estimation of the effective thermal history of the sample during each experimental run. The experimental results obtained performing the devolatilization of coals, biomass and waste fuels using the pyrolyzer are compared with those obtained in a conventional thermogravimetric balance, to evaluate the effects of extremely different operating conditions. The amount of volatile released programming the most severe thermal conditions using the pyrolyzer (thus in conditions more similar to large-scale plants) differs significantly from that of thermogravimetric runs. Global kinetics are obtained fitting the experimental results and using the thermal history of the sample from the model results. They depend strongly on the conditions used for the devolatilization. Global kinetics obtained in the thermogravimetric balance runs (low heating rate) overestimate the rate of devolatilization in the pyrolyzer (high heating rate). 相似文献
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概述了45m^3聚合釜的主要技术参数,通过试验优化了聚合配方:增加氯乙烯1.3t、消泡剂2.5kg,减少水1t、分散剂1.4kg,由引发剂1改用引发剂2,提高了PVC产量,获得直接经济效益3316.5万元/a。 相似文献