浅析变电站高压线路防雷接地几个方法

简要介绍了矿山变电站35kV、110kV、220kV高压线路防雷接地状况,并对目前防雷接地状况从现场进行了分析,同时提出了几点解决防雷接地的方法,以提高变电站防雷与接地的安全运行。     

变电站的防雷接地技术分析及案例

阐述了防雷接地装置的组成部分，分析了变电站接地设计原则，根据变电站接地设计原则探究变电站的防雷接地保护技术，分析防雷接地实际应用案例。     

东破35kV变电站防雷接地改造

东破35k V变电站位于德兴铜矿铜厂采区南麓,地处山区,变电站及供电线路容易遭受雷击,造成跳闸事故,通过分析现有防雷接地措施存在的问题,提出应用脱扣式避雷器、铜覆钢接地极以及四极法测量接地电阻等防雷技术,优化变电站接地网施工技术,有效提升了采区供电设备的防雷水平,保障生产供电稳定,为山区易受雷击工况条件下供电设备防雷接地技术提供了参考经验。     

新型防雷接地体的应用

为实现建筑物与设备的防雷接地,采用了电铸铜接地棒作为防雷接地网的主体材料,经测量效果良好。介绍了电铸铜接地棒的相关知识和优点。     

铁路信号楼综合防雷系统方案设计

针对雷电对铁路信号楼内信号设备造成的损害,采用屏蔽、共用接地、等电位连接等综合雷电防护技术措施,对铁路信号楼综合防雷进行系统方案设计。通过对信号楼内信号设备进行系统防雷保护,减少雷电电磁脉冲影响,能够延长设备使用寿命,提高设备的可靠性。     

铝合金门窗工程防雷接地技术及检测

本文论述铝门窗工程防雷接地技术及检测方法,为金属门窗工程防雷施工提供借鉴;让高层住宅住户增加防雷知识。     

浅谈建筑电气的接地与防雷设计

本文对建筑电气接地系统的分类、作用和设计都做了全面的阐述,并分析了现代防雷系统装置.电力系统的使用安全关系到建筑的正常使用,对于建筑内的设备和人员安全也是一个保证,因此,加强建筑电气系统的防雷接地的研究有着非常重要的现实意义.     

浅谈建筑防雷接地体的设置

静电感应、高温高热、电磁辐射、光辐射等物理效应已严重危害室内弱电设备的安全运行,甚至危及工作人员的安全.目前在一些建筑工程中工程商及业主往往忽视防雷接地,给工程遗留下安全隐患;本文较深入地探讨了建筑工程防雷接地设计和施工应规避的若干策略.     

尾矿库安全监测设备的防雷接地设计

雷电通常通过交流电源线、信号线、地电位反击等方式入侵电子信息设备,从而对信息设备造成破坏。根据国家相关标准中新的防雷接地设计要求,对尾矿库在线监测系统的防雷设计进行探讨,提出采用生物菌降阻新技术,可有效降低其接地电阻阻值,为电子设备防雷接地设计提供有力保障。     

高层民用建筑防雷及接地设计探讨

就如何结合高层民用建筑防雷及接地的特点搞好工程设计,具体讨论了高层民用建筑的雷电危害、防雷方法、在工程设计的一些做法及措施、当前对防雷存在的不同观点等问题。     

Value Engineering and Optimal Building Projects

The goal of any engineering design is to obtain an optimal solution to the design problem. This paper examines how value engineering contributes to the process of obtaining an optimal solution to the design problem for a building project. The factors that determine a building project and its costs are listed and these factors fall into two groups; one group relates to specific engineering systems, while the other group is general in character and relates to the whole building. Value engineering is effective because its procedures give opportunities for raising design issues associated with the latter group of factors as well as for providing for peer-review of the design. A summary of other methods of optimal design—such as design for manufacture and assembly (DFMA), concurrent engineering, and total quality management—is given, and these methods are compared with value engineering. Cost minimization in building construction is discussed with examples from the writer's experience on building projects in West Africa and the Middle East.     

Automated Code Compliance Checking for Building Envelope Design

Automating the checking of building envelope design according to design regulations is a complex process because these regulations consist of complicated logic sentences covering multiple functions. Existing mechanisms of building code computer-aided checking have some limitations dealing with design regulations. This paper presents a new integrated approach to automated code compliance checking for building envelope design based on simulation results and building codes. In this approach, building codes and simulation results are seamlessly linked with the compliance checking software. A hierarchical object-based representation of simulation results is proposed as an extended building information model (EBIM) to describe the attributes of a building and its subsystems. A representation of building codes based on decision tables and compatible with the EBIM is also proposed so that users can check the building envelope design against building codes based on the standardized simulation results. A prototype system is developed and a case study gives an example of evaluating the hygrothermal performance of an exterior wall.     

Massing and Enclosure Design with SEED-Config

SEED-Config supports, in three dimensions, the schematic design of building forms and technical systems. It provides a uniform interface and computational mechanism in which to implement a variety of form making and technological design capabilities. In operation, it assists a designer in discovering potentially applicable design operations, the alternative designs that can be generated by applying operations and the previously created designs that might apply to the current design problem. Like the rest of SEED, SEED-Config represents designs as functional units that are realized or allocated by design units. A design problem is represented as a design that has unallocated functional units. SEED-Config acts through the application of technologies to allocate functional units and to further develop the functional units of the current design problem. In the most general terms, a technology is a collection of computational mechanisms to create and instantiate design and functional units satisfying the requirements of a class of functional units in a design context, based on specific construction technology or form generation principles. Using SEED-Config, we are developing technologies that create: (1) Three-dimensional building massings from schematic layouts; (2) enclosure systems around building massings; and (3) structural systems within a building massing. We discuss the first two technologies here. Technologies for building massing address architectural issues of visual composition and style. Technologies for building enclosures rely on established types of enclosure design. We use one such type, airtight insulated rainscreen enclosures, to demonstrate enclosure technologies.     

Conceptual Building Design—Evolutionary Approach

Issues relating to the application of the genetic algorithm (GA) to conceptual building design are addressed and designer support techniques are introduced. Particular attention is given to methods for representing domain knowledge, necessary for creating a general building design model, and techniques that permit the manipulation of both structural and architectural design aspects so that the power of the GA is effectively exploited to support the role of the designer as a decision maker. An example of a decision support system is presented, and its robustness and power of knowledge discovery are demonstrated by means of a parametric study. The role of human-computer interaction in knowledge discovery is also considered, both in the context of better understanding of the design domain and as a tool to increase user confidence in the outcome. This paper is addressed toward readers involved in conceptual building design who have basic knowledge of genetic algorithms.     

Axial and Shear Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Gypsum Wall Panels: Tests

Glass fiber reinforced gypsum (GFRG) walls and their associated building system are the new building product and building system that have been developed in the Australian building industry in the last decade. GFRG walls are factory made glass-fiber reinforced gypsum hollow walling panels with/without in situ reinforced concrete filling inside the cavities. GFRG can be used as various structural elements, such as walls and slabs. GFRG, in its short life, without extensive product development and comprehensive structural design guidelines, has been used as the principal wall construction material in more than 3,000 dwellings across Australia. As GFRG walls find more and more applications and interests in the building industry in Australia as well as in other countries, comprehensive structural design guidelines for GFRG walls and their building system have become necessary. Comprehensive experimental testing and theoretical studies started in 2002 as an international research and development program to develop structural design guidelines for GFRG walls. The axial and shear tests are reported in this paper.     

Survey of Sustainable Building Design Practices in North America, Europe, and Asia

Sustainable design should be applied in all phases of the life cycle of a building, including programming, design, building construction, building operation, and finally demolition. This paper compares and contrasts sustainable design programs based on the life cycle of a building in North America, Europe, and Asia. Tables comparing programs from these three regions are provided for each phase in the life cycle of a building. These tables can be used by building design professionals as a reference guide to sustainable design around the world. The tables also highlight specific requirements or concerns that are applicable in a particular region. The similarities between different programs and regions can be taken into consideration during the planning of sustainable design work, regardless of the region of construction. Finally, references to more detailed program documents are provided so that interested readers can determine specific requirements that apply in a region of interest.     

A Representation for Conceptual Design of Buildings

The building representation for storing design solutions adopted in SEED-Config consists of two levels of abstraction models defined on top of the object-oriented data model. The first level is an information model, called the building entity and technology model, which stores design data as they are generated during conceptual design, supports case-based reasoning, and shares data among all design participants. This model represents each building entity as a generic container that encompasses its properties, taxonomy, geometry, composition, relationships, and design knowledge applied in generating it. The second level is a conceptual model that defines the types of objects, relationships, and data needed to fully represent the information in a given design domain. The conceptual model specifies the semantics of the design information for the domain using the syntax defined in the information model. The proposed representation also includes a faceted classification scheme to define the controlled vocabulary from which indexes are obtained. The representation has the following advantages: It integrates multiple views, supports design evolution, supports design exploration, and is extensible.     

Parametric Coordinator for Engineering Design

Coordination of design information is essential for the design team to provide accurate technical documents for the actual construction. Design changes are inevitable during any ordinary building project. If the design changes are not properly managed, design conflicts will be created, which will result in more expensive design or even failure in the design-construction process. However, little research has been done to address the issue and thereby provide tools for the management of design changes. This paper presents a novel approach that can facilitate the coordination of design information through managing design changes with the help of a parametric coordinator. Design changes of dimensions between different building components are specially discussed. The proposed parametric coordinator provides each building component with the linking knowledge that is described as a dimensional property and a reference property. A group design method is applied to check the design consistency. Illustrative examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed parametric approach for design change management.     

Educational Architecture-Oriented Software Linking Conceptual Design and Solar Intensity

Fundamental architectural decisions such as a building’s form and orientation greatly influence the energy performance of a building. As these decisions are taken very early in the design process, it is important for the designer to consider such performance when comparing design alternatives. Unfortunately, this is rarely done by architects. The reason can be easily tracked to the way most architects learn about energy. Simple charts and some rules of thumb are preferred over complex calculations used by engineers and energy specialists. This paper presents an experiment conducted by the writer to tackle this problem. The writer used a purpose-made software program that is developed to help architecture students learn the impact of the conceptual design decisions on the expected energy performance of a building represented in the solar intensity on the building surfaces. The paper describes the capabilities and the structure of the software program as well as the context and the results of the experiment.