Transformation of Na2O-HfO2-B2O3 glass into a material having interconnected pores

Substitution of SiO₂ in the ternary sodium borosilicate system with HfO₂ was found to produce glasses, which after heat treatment decomposed into immiscible microphases, one of which was water soluble. The structure of the leached material after heat treatment was either glassy (mainly in the presence of Al₂O₃) or crystalline. Crystalline forms found during X-ray diffraction analysis of heat treated and leached material (melted in Pt/Rh crucibles) were monoclinic HfO₂. Monoclinic HfO₂ was also found in heat treated, leached and then fired materials melted in Pt/Rh or Al₂O₃ crucibles, in the latter an additional 9Al₂O₃ · 2B₂O₃ phase was detected. The higher solubility of HfO₂ in a Na₂O-B₂O₃ matrix than that of ZrO₂ (30 wt% against 15 wt%) resulting in clear glasses is of interest. The specific surface areas of the leached materials ranged between 41.3 and 290 m²g^–1, while the mean radii of interconnected pores were calculated to be 1.2 and 15.2nm. A firing temperature between 1450 and 1500° C is estimated from void volume and bulk density measurements.     

Preparation of magnetic glass-ceramics through glass crystallization in the Na2O-SrO-Fe2O3-B2O3 system

Glasses with the nominal compositions SrFe₁₂O₁₉ + nNa₂Sr₂B₄O₉ (n = 4, 6, 8, 10) and SrFe₁₂O₁₉ + 6Na₂Sr₃B₄O₁₀ were prepared via rapid quenching of oxide melts and were then heat-treated between 500 and 800°C in order to produce glass-ceramics containing fine SrFe₁₂O₁₉ particles. The materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy, and magnetic measurements. The crystallization behavior of the glasses was investigated. The coercivity of the glass-ceramics was shown to increase with heat-treatment temperature, up to 486 kA/m. By dissolving the nonmagnetic matrix of the glass-ceramics with the nominal compositions SrFe₁₂O₁₉ + 6Na₂Sr₃B₄O₁₀ and SrFe₁₂O₁₉ + 4Na₂Sr₂B₄O₉, submicron-sized strontium hexaferrite particles were obtained.     

Al2O3-Ta2O5-rich glass-ceramic with interconnected pores and its sintering

Substitution of SiO₂ in the ternary sodium borosilicate system with Al₂O₃ plus Ta₂O₅ was found to produce glass which decomposed into microphases and/or crystallized after heat treatment. At least one of the phases present was water soluble. The structure of the material was glassy with the presence of a small crystalline content. Crystalline forms found during powder X-ray diffraction analysis of heat treated, leached and then sintered materials were orthorhombic NaTaO₃ plus AIBO₃, orthorhombic NaTaO₃ and orthorhombic Na₂O · 4Ta₂O₅ plus rhombic 9AI₂O₃ · 2B₂O₃, respectively. The specific surface areas of the leached materials ranged between 96 and 304 m²g^–1, while the mean pore radii of interconnected pores were calculated to be between 2.0 and 8.4 nm. A sintering rate of between 1520 and 1580° C for 5 min were estimated from void volume and bulk density measurements.     

Surface tension of PbO-B2O3 and Bi2O3-B2O3 glass melts

The surface tensions of xPbO-(100?x) B₂O₃ (x = 30–80 mol%) and xBi₂O₃-(100?x) B₂O₃ (x = 0–100 mol%) melts were measured using the ring method over the temperature range 973 to 1373 K. The compositional and temperature dependences of surface tension were investigated. Addition of PbO and Bi₂O₃ to B₂O₃ increased the surface tensions of their respective PbO-B₂O₃ and Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ melts. The surface tension showed a maximum at 60 mol% PbO in the PbO-B₂O₃ melts and at 70–80 mol% Bi₂O₃ in the Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃ melts. The temperature coefficient of surface tension was examined on the basis of its relationship to the structure, and it was suggested that the temperature coefficient of surface tension decreases with an increasing content of four-coordinated boron.     

Phase formation kinetics in SrO-Al2O3-SiO2-B2O3 glass

Phase formation in Sr-celsian glass, containing 3 wt% B₂O₃ (SA2SB), was investigated by using non-isothermal and isothermal kinetic analyses. While stoichiometric celsian (SA2S) glass showed two-stage crystallization of glass, from glassy state to hexacelsian and from hexacelsian to monocelsian, SA2SB glass showed direct crystallization of glass to monocelsian, resulting in considerable decrease in the temperature of monocelsian formation. The activation energy for monocelsian formation in SA2SB glass was 390 kJ/mol, which is lower than those for hexacelsian and monocelsian formation respectively in SA2S glass. The Avrami exponent of SA2SB glass was 2.0, indicating two-dimensional crystal growth with interface-controlled mechanism at a zero nucleation rate.     

Structural studies of some V2O5-P2O5-B2O3-Fe2O3 glass systems

X-ray diffraction and infrared measurements were performed on vanadium borophosphate glass containing different amounts of iron ranging from 0–7.5 mol % and heat treated at 300 °C for various times. The structure and phase separation could be determined for each glass composition. V₂O₅ was the main precipitated phase in all heat-treated samples, and its amount was dependent on the heat-treatment time and Fe₂O₃ content. Also FeP was detected in samples heat treated for 24 h. The infrared measurements showed the presence of both V⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺. The symmetry of V₂O ₇ ⁴⁻ and VO ₄ ³⁻ groups was found to increase with increasing Fe₂O₃ content. It was also found that some PO₄ changed to BO₃, forming a non-bridging oxygen.     

阳极支撑型ITSOFC密封材料SrO-La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃的研究

研究了应用于阳极支撑型的中温固体氧化物燃料电池(ITSOFC)密封的SrO-La2O3-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2体系微晶玻璃不同组分的线膨胀率,结果表明当微晶玻璃粉组成SrCO3 28.14%(摩尔分数),La2O3 21.17%(摩尔分数),Al2O3 7.22%(摩尔分数),H2BO3 41.72%(摩尔分数),SiO2 1.76%(摩尔分数)(SLABS3) 时,最符合ITSOFC密封要求.差热分析结果表明SLABS3的玻璃转变温度在670℃～760℃之间,结晶温度在813～840℃之间,玻璃软化点约在900℃,XRD测试表明微晶玻璃与Ni-La0.3Ce0.7O1.85(Ni-LDC)阳极化学相容性好,将微晶玻璃和Ni-LDC在850℃烧结100h后,SEM观察界面粘附性好,EPMA测试界面的元素含量结果表明,虽然阳极的Ce会向微晶玻璃扩散10μm的深度,但观察不到微晶玻璃的元素向Ni-LDC扩散现象.用SLABS3密封模拟电池,测试开路电压结果表明SLABS3的密封效果和稳定性良好.     

B2O3-SiO2-Na2O抗菌玻璃材料的制备

制备了硼酸盐抗菌玻璃材料 ,并测试其性能 ,分析研究了硼酸盐玻璃材料的缓释性、稳定性及抗菌性之间的关系。     

Effect of phase separation on the fracture toughness of SiO2-B2O3-Na2O glass

Fracture toughness of glass is usually poor, due to the absence of grain boundaries and discontinuities. The compositions of the glass studied are in the phase separated region of SiO₂-B₂O₃-Na₂O system. The interface between the glass in glass separation enhances the fracture toughness. The increase in the connectivity of phase separated regions causes increase of fracture toughness from 0.98 through 1.43 to 1. 54 MPam1/2.     

DC electrical conductivity of Na2O-ZnO-B2O3 glass system

The d.c. electrical conductivity of Na₂O-ZnO-B₂O₃ glass system has been measured as a function of temperature in the range of 350–600°K. The conductivity data show that the activation energy of Na⁺ ions is dependent on ZnO concentration. The results have been discussed in the light of the cluster model of glasses.     

Influence of dissolution rate on crack growth and fatigue of Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3 SiO2 glasses

Fracture toughness, macroscopic crack growth and dynamic fatigue of glasses of the system 15Na₂O-4Al₂O₃-xB₂O₃-(81-x)SiO₂ are studied. The fracture toughness as a function of B₂O₃ content correlates to the dependence of elastic modulus which has a maximum between 20 and 30 mol%. The shape of the crack growth curve changes characteristically. Region 1 of the curves normalized toK _Ic is shifted to higher crack growth velocities (smallerK _I/K _Ic values, respectively) for increasing B203 content. The rise of velocity correlates approximately to the dissolution rate of the glasses in water. The determination of the slope in region 1 is problematic, particularly for poorly resistant glasses. The slopen of the crack growth velocity fitted by the power law decreases above 20 mol% B₂O₃ in correspondence with the results of the dynamic fatigue (23 >n > 7). A clear fatigue limit at one fifth of the inert strength occurs in glasses with B₂O₃ content above 20 mol%.     

An infrared study of the Na2O-V2O5-Fe2O3 glass system

Structural studies of Na₂O-V₂O₅-Fe₂O₃ glasses have been made from their IR spectra which show that vibrational bands characteristic of the vanadium-oxygen bonds in V₂O₅ are maintained in these glasses, but the addition of Na₂O to these glasses results in a shifting of the higher frequency peaks towards lower wave number due to structural changes produced in V₂O₅. It is inferred that Na⁺ ions make bonds interstitially with isolated V=O bonds and VO₅ polyhedra are destroyed, resulting in the formation of VO₄ polyhedra through intermediate complexes. The variation of Fe₂O₃, however, produces an insignificant structural change in these glasses. The IR spectra of samples heated to their temperature of crystallization confirm the formation of a series of complexes with several isolated V=O bonds.     

Structure of Na2O·2TiO2 glass

X-ray radial distribution analysis and Raman spectroscopic measurement were carried out on Na₂O-2TiO₂ glass prepared by twin-roller quenching method. It is found that four-coordinated Ti⁴⁺ ions may be predominant over six-coordinated ones in the present glass. It is also found that the fraction of six-coordinated Ti⁴⁺ ions is larger in the present glass than in K₂O·2TiO₂ and Cs₂O·2TiO₂ glasses. Poorer glass-forming ability of the Na₂O-TiO₂ system compared with the K₂O-TiO₂ and Cs₂O-TiO₂ systems is ascribed to a larger fraction of TiO₆ octahedron for the former system.     

Dielectric behaviour of glasses and glass ceramics in the system BaO-PbO-TiO2-B2O3-SiO2

Glasses with varying molar ratios of PbO/BaO in the system BaO-PbO-TiO₂-B₂O₃-SiO₂ were prepared keeping (BaO + PbO)/TiO₂ ratio equal to one. The glasses were ceramized by two-stage heat treatment. X-ray diffraction indicates that PbTiO₃ crystallizes in lead-rich glasses while BaTiO₃ precipitates in barium-rich compositions. Solid solution (Ba, Pb)TiO₃ does not seem to crystallize over the entire range of compositions. Simultaneous presence of PbO and BaO in the initial glass composition reduces the yield of ferroelectric phase. Dielectric properties have been interpreted in terms of microstructural features.     

Microstructural and dielectric behaviour of glass ceramics in the system PbO-BaO-TiO2-B2O3-SiO2

Glasses in the system PbO-BaO-TiO₂-B₂O₃-SiO₂ with and without P₂O₅ as nucleant have been prepared. The glass samples were ceramized based ondta studies. The ferroelectric phase crystallizing out has been found to be BaTiO₃ fromxrd. The optical and scanning electron micrographs show the presence of BaTiO₃ as major phase. In these glass ceramic samples, dielectric constant and dissipation factor are approximately constant with temperature and frequency upto the glass transition temperatureT _g and thereafter increase sharply with temperature and finally level off. The addition of P₂O₅ as nucleant and molar ratio of (PbO + BaO) to TiO₂ has marked influence on the dielectric behaviour and composition of ferroelectric phase crystallizing out.