‘Green procurement’ of buildings: a study of Swedish clients' considerations

The results of a survey show that both public and private building clients in Sweden, to varying extents, include environmental requirements in their procurement documents. The requirements identified have been classified into six categories primarily related to building and demolition waste, building material, contractors' environmental work, ecological aspects, construction work and other. One conclusion is that requirements regarding the separation of waste and a contractor's environmental policy are considered important, since they are stipulated in the majority of projects. Another finding is that requirements related to operation and especially to energy use are not considered sufficiently. Structured interviews were conducted with three of the clients who at that time of the survey had developed the most complete procurement documents with regard to environmental requirements. The aim of the interviews was to investigate how the stipulation of requirements, the evaluation of environmental aspects and the verification of environmental requirements were carried out. The conclusion drawn is that Swedish clients find the stipulation of requirements relatively uncomplicated, but find the evaluation of environmental impact, mainly related to selection of materials, problematic due to inadequate evaluation models.     

工程代建合同收费标准的研究

论文探讨了代建服务收费现状以及测定代建管理费的必要性,并对代建管理费用构成进行分析,设计了合理可行的代建管理费取费标准,并提出了代建管理费计费意见,成果可供进一步的研究参考。     

施工企业物资采购平台的研究

本文对国内外施工企业利用信息技术进行物资采购的现状进行了总结,在此基础上提出在施工企业信息化水平基础上建设物资采购平台,对平台的功能、以及与施工企业ERP的集成进行了探讨,为施工企业利用信息技术降低采购成本,增强竞争力提供支持。     

Mitigating the health and safety influence of subcontracting in construction: The approach of main contractors

Subcontracting is noted for its adverse health and safety (H&S) influence in construction. Using interviews with five of the top 20 UK contractors and one medium-sized contractor, this study explored how main contractors manage the H&S influence of subcontracting with a focus on their in-house measures. Some in-house measures found are: restricting the layers of subcontractors on projects; working with a regular chain of subcontractors; implementing a H&S reward scheme for subcontractors; and insisting on non-working subcontractor foremen who have direct responsibility for the safety of workers in their trade. These measures appear to be influenced by clients, industry peer groups, and the moral justification for occupational H&S, and they offer inter-organisational learning opportunities for contractors in devising measures to mitigate the H&S influence of subcontracting. These findings should also allay concerns that removing some of the legislative hurdles in connection with on-going red tape debate will result in poorer H&S.     

An assessment of the applicability of partnering in the Turkish construction sector

There are problems associated with the Turkish construction sector; some of these problems are implications of Government policy, restrictions imposed on public construction projects, bureaucratic procedures, contractual clauses incorporating unfair risk sharing and inadequacies in control mechanisms. Some problems can be attributed to inadequate technological knowhow, and/or lack of education and training incen1 tives in new technologies and management approaches. This paper presents findings from research that was aimed at investigating the applicability of partnering in the Turkish construction sector as an alternative approach in seeking solutions to some of the problems within this industry. The findings suggest that the partnering approach could help reduce some of the problems associated with the Turkish construction sector, although the implementation of this approach is likely to face complications, mainly in terms of cultural change requirements and the bureaucracies associated especially with the public construction process. The findings also suggest that if partnering were to be considered for Turkey, the private construction sector would offer more flexibility in the implementation of this approach, rather than reliance on the Government for the introduction of partnering into Turkey.     

Choices,values and time

Researcher Philip Mitusch in the Building Process Group at the Norwegian Building Research Institute (Byggforsk) shows how the use of Hyper card, a graphics database and software development tool, and the Macintosh II personal computer, enabled the Institute to develop an expert system using a spreadsheet approach to information for fire requirements in the new Norwegian building regulations.     

BIM及数字化技术在机场改扩建EPC工程中的应用

随着信息化技术的普及,民航局大力倡导“四型机场”建设,在“智慧机场”方面,BIM及数字化技术的应用最为广泛。同时,民航机场建设领域大力发展工程总承包(EPC)模式,以设计单位牵头的联合体形式将成为未来发展的趋势。本文依托北海机场站坪扩建工程设计施工总承包项目,将BIM及数字化施工技术应用于工程总承包的所有管理要素,促进项目设计施工有效融合、保障工程质量和不停航施工安全,提高管理效率,真正落实设计单位牵头工程总承包项目的职责。实践证明,BIM及数字化施工技术有效地解决了机场改扩建EPC工程不停航施工安全压力,发挥工程总承包管理模式的优势,可为类似机场工程项目提供借鉴和参考。       

EPC及PMC在核电工程建设中的应用浅析

介绍了EPC总承包和PMC项目管理承包两种模式的基本概念,并结合核电工程特点,通过两个典型案例,阐述了这两种模式在核电工程建设中的应用,还对国内核电工程公司PMC业务发展提出了一些见解。     

Material and equipment procurement delays in highway projects in Nepal

Delay in the delivery of materials and equipment to construction sites is often thought of as a contributory cause of cost overruns in construction projects in developing countries. A cursory examination of the environment in which projects are executed in developing countries appears to support this thinking. However, there does not seem to have been much research work conducted that investigates whether this is actually the case and also assesses the causes of these delays and magnitude of their impacts on project costs. This research was aimed at firstly ascertaining the occurrence of material and equipment procurement delays in highway projects in Nepal. An assessment of the causes of the delays and the magnitude of their impact on project costs was also made. The survey method was used in conducting this research involving 22 highway projects. The main causes of material and equipment procurement delay were found to be (in rank order) organizational weaknesses, suppliers' defaults, governmental regulations and transportation delays. However, the actual impact of these delays on project costs was found to be on average, only about 0.5% of the total budgeted cost of the projects. Among materials, delays in the supply of aggregates were found to occur most frequently while delays associated with pavers occurred most frequently among equipment.     

深圳市公安局第三代指挥中心EPC总承包全过程BIM技术应用

在新一代信息技术驱动下,系统化集成设计、工厂化生产、建筑信息模型(BIM)技术、物联网与智能制造技术等手段正在推进新型建筑工业化发展。本文以深圳市公安局第三代指挥中心项目为例,探索在EPC工程总承包+全过程咨询模式下BIM全过程应用,力求打破设计与施工两套模型的问题,探索如何应用信息化手段解决生产流程和建设项目组织之间的矛盾,让信息化手段真正创效。设计阶段BIM正向设计,先建模后出图,提高模型与图纸质量,实现设计零变更;通过招采前置,实现设计施工一体化,缩短深化周期;建设“智慧工地”系统,预防安全事故,降低施工风险。最终,得出结论,EPC模式下BIM正向设计与专业分包深化前置结合是设计施工一体化的有效途径,为新型建筑工业化提供了宝贵经验。       

Exploration and exploitation in project-based organizations: Development and diffusion of knowledge at different organizational levels in construction companies

Management studies highlight the importance of an organization's capability to both exploit existing knowledge and technologies for short-term profits and also explore new knowledge and technologies to enhance long-term innovation. Although this paradox recently has received escalating interest in management research, studies dealing with project-levels and project-based organizations (PBOs) are scarce. This conceptual paper discusses how PBOs in the construction industry can manage the exploration/exploitation paradox at different organizational levels. Short-term project focus and decentralization inhibits learning from one point in time and space to another, making it easier to reap the benefits of exploitation than of exploration. Current structural and sequential separation of exploration and exploitation activities at business unit, project portfolio, and project levels do not solve the paradox, due to lack of integrating mechanisms. Hence, PBOs in the construction industry may suffer from inadequate extent of exploration, while the extent of exploitation is not reaching its potential. Cooperative procurement procedures can serve as a basis for facilitating both exploration and exploitation of knowledge and technologies in construction projects.     

Project alliance contract in The Netherlands

A new form of contractual agreement and way of working adapted from other industries, the ‘project alliance’, was researched, developed and is undergoing demonstration to reduce the length of construction time and construction costs. This is achieved through contractor involvement at an early stage of the design process, project participants paid on a net cost basis with participants jointly sharing in the financial success or failure of the project at completion, and the creation of a contractual partnership between all parties.

Cet article porte sur des recherches faites sur une nouvelle forme d'accord contractuel et sur une méthode de travail issue d'autres industries; cette étude intitulée «project alliance» a été affinée et est en cours de démonstration, l'objectif étant de raccourcir la durée des travaux de construction et d'en réduire les coûts. Ces réductions sont possibles, d'une part, grâce à l'implication du contractant au début du processus de conception, les participants au projet étant payés sur la base du coût net et étant solidaires, sur le plan financier, de la réussite ou de l'échec du projet au moment de l'achèvement et, d'autre part, grâce la création d'un partenariat contractuel entre toutes les parties concernées.     

Mobilizing the skills of specialist firms to reduce costs and enhance performance in the European construction industry: two case studies

Analyses are made of procurement strategies capable of leading to cost reduction and higher quality through the contribution of specialized firms. An exploration is made of the literature concerning the procurement of manufactured goods and progress by analysing two case studies: the East Bridge of the Storebælt link and the Grand Canal Maritime bridge. Both these projects adopted procurement systems that led to a learning process capable of enhancing performance and reducing overall costs. It is evident that the success of learning-oriented procurement strategies relies on two major conditions. First, the client's tender must be issued with an open design demanding an active contribution from the firms involved in the construction process. Second, the firms bidding for the job must be able to manage two distinct sets of skills: the technical skills relating to a specific production process and the ability to connect these skills to the client's needs through a co-design process, or what is known as the strategic intermediation function.     

项目代建单位施工招标前的工程造价管理重点

项目代建是国家深化投资体制改革,提高投资效益的新举措,本文对代建单位如何在招标前的各阶段,抓住管理重点控制好工程造价提出自己的看法。     

建筑接缝的类型及防水材料的选择使用

建筑物的接缝形式及材料繁多 ,本文对接缝的形式 ;缝的变形量、宽度与深度计算 ;密封材料的选择及应用方法 ,结合工程实际进行浅介     

水下絮凝混凝土的施工技术

利用UMB型水下不分散混凝土絮凝剂配制水下不分散混凝土。此种絮凝剂可改善混凝土的流动性和不分散性 ,在水下混凝土施工中使用效果良好。     

国际EPC项目工程索赔实例

工程索赔是工程项目管理中最重要的工作之一,同时也是难度极大的工作.发包方与承包方从维护各自利益的角度出发会对合同及索赔事件有不同的理解,在错综复杂的事件中寻找双方可以接受的事件处理基准也同样十分困难.本文根据作者参与的一个国际EPC工程索赔成功的案例,通过对整个索赔过程的描述及分析,介绍索赔的程序及原则,希望能对同行有...     

沸石抗菌剂的研究现状与展望

介绍了目前国内外沸石抗菌剂的研究现状,重点讨论了沸石抗菌剂的原料改性、抗菌机理、持久性、变色抑制性、结构化等方面的特点,简述了沸石抗菌剂在日常生活中的应用,并对沸石抗菌剂的发展方向进行了展望。     

偶联剂对高强度复合胶凝材料性能的影响

通过对各种偶联剂的优化,得出KH和NⅢ两种偶联剂能大幅度地提高复合胶凝材料的强度和改善其化学稳定性,其合适掺量为0.5～3.0%。     

一种新型钢筋锚固材料在工程中的应用

本文就新型钢筋锚固材料———粘合剂在工程结构加固以及改扩建工程中应用的范围、有关技术参数、施工方法等作一介绍