Smarter than Smart: Rio de Janeiro's Flawed Emergence as a Smart City

“Smart cities” grew out of the realization that North American models of suburban development and central business district decline needed to be challenged with new paradigms. This movement began in the 1990s with ideas centered on smart growth and new urbanism. While initially restricted to small, wealthy cities, the ideas that emerged during this period combined with a vertiginous growth in information technologies to create software-driven urban managerial tools for major cities. The increasing “technologization” of urban systems that automatically replicate spatial dynamics has been on the agenda of urban scholars for some time. However, the relatively new paradigms of “whole system” implementation in large urban centers has not been the subject of robust critical engagement. The aim of this paper is to examine critically the implementation and functioning of two “smart cities” systems in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil as part of the city's broader preparations for hosting the 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympic Games.     

FIFA世界杯足球场建筑设计浅析

本文简要地阐述了世界杯足球赛场设计的主要技术内容及2007女足世界杯上海赛场的改建,并结合笔者的多年设计实践进行了简要评析,以供设计同行参考。     

(Re-)creating Urban Destination Image: Opinions of Foreign Visitors to South Africa on Safety and Security?

The intention of tourists to visit urban destinations is influenced by their perceptions or their knowledge of that destination. Risk perceptions, although situation specific, have an impact on travel behaviour. Mega events are once-off occasions in which a negative perception of destination, in this case related to crime, can be turned into a positive image. Can the 2010 Fédération Internationale de Football Association World Cup (WC) help South Africa undo the current perceptions and opinions, especially among foreign visitors, that our cities are dangerous places to visit? Can South Africa manage the 2010 WC in such a way that the destination image can be changed to a more positive one? It is within the context of speculating about the potential impacts the event may have in 2010 on reshaping internationally (and nationally) the safety and security image that visitors have of South African cities as crime ridden that this paper aims mainly to investigate international visitors’ perceptions and opinions on safety and security. Nine hundred and seven international visitors were interviewed when exiting the country at the OR Tambo and Cape Town International airports. The findings revealed that more than a third of the respondents indicated that they were worried about their safety before travelling to South Africa, that the central business districts of Cape Town and Johannesburg are the most feared places they visited and 6% of the respondents were victims of crime. Perceptions, however, changed for the better after their visit to the country, and it is against this background that the 2010 WC can potentially show the world that the country is a safe destination to visit and in the process re-create the destination’s image as a safe tourist experience.     

沈庭景胜 --2006年沈阳世界园艺博览会沈阳园设计

在沈阳园的设计中,设计师充分利用北方大环境的特征及基地中细微的高差、观视角度等元素突出沈阳地域特性.为了能将园林功能融入园林设计之中,设计师大量运用了欲扬先抑等手法.     

A City at Play: Rio de Janeiro on the Eve of the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games

What will be the outcome of the large-scale construction programmes and under-delivered promises undertaken in preparation for the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games? Ana Luiza Nobre , Associate Professor of Architectural History at the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro and Head of Research and Education at the Instituto Moreira Salles, gazes into her crystal ball and asks what the ongoing legacy of Rio 2016 might be.     

道路交通信息图的设计实践与关键技术应用探讨

本文通过对城区道路交通现状分析,探讨了如何将道路交通信息以地图形式表现出来,文章详细阐述了地图的版面设计、表示内容,表示方法及关键技术应用等,着重突出道路交通信息主题,还表示旅游、购物、休闲等内容,增加地图可读性。该图的出版发行,方便广大机动车驾驶员出行,避免因不知情违章、受罚等。     

足球世界杯竞技场发展趋势初探——中国2018年世界杯规划战略研究系列（一）

本文回顾了足球世界杯竞技场的发展历史,对近几届世界杯赛场进行比较研究,探讨足球世界杯竞技场的发展趋势。     

2006年德国世界杯对中国城市的影响——中国2018年世界杯规划战略研究系列（五）

2006年德国世界杯虽然在距离中国万里之外举行,但它仍然在中国掀起了一股世界杯热潮，本文针对媒体。经济文化、生活和空间等方面。探讨2006年德国世界杯对中国城市形态产生的影响。     

Brazilian city planners,American city planning? New perspectives on urban planning in Rio de Janeiro, 1930–1945

This article analyses the connections between the ideas and principles of American city planning from 1920 with those articulated by Brazilian city planners in the 1930s and implemented by the administration of the City of Rio de Janeiro, then the capital of Brazil, notably during the period of the Estado Novo [The New State] from 1937 to 1945. In a period characterized by the centralization of political power and the concentration of decision‐making in the hands of the president and the state, the City of Rio de Janeiro undertook a series of restructuring projects which utilized new forms of administration and organization. This article explores the links between urban planning in Brazil and the USA that were a notable feature of these projects. It examines particular requirements set down in city plans, city planning commissions and funding for urban activities, such as ‘excess condemnation’, by focusing upon articles and books written by four Brazilian engineers and proposals put forward by the American City Planning Institute, detailed in the proceedings of the National Conference on City Planning, in the periodical, City Planning and works by affiliated authors.     

The long-term effects of housing policy instrumentation: Rio de Janeiro’s case from an actor–network theory perspective

Abstract

This paper explores the long-term effects of Rio de Janeiro’s slum upgrading, a key policy instrument of municipal housing since the 1990s, and an essential reference for housing initiatives worldwide. From a theoretical stance, this paper builds on the Political Sociology of Public Policy Instruments (PPI) and actor–network theory (ANT). The paper argues that Rio’s slum upgrading instrumentation, that is, its constitution and use, has been key to the various housing policy oscillations over the past three decades. It also contends that this instrumentation contributed to the depoliticization of the municipal housing policy through the fostering of a ‘community of practice’ centred on slum upgrading, formed by a wide range of state and non-sate actors, and based on a technical rationality. This community and its practices have weakened the political control over Rio’s housing policy in the past decades.     

VULCAN: Closing the Loop in 3D-Printed Architectural Design

Given international differences in copyright law, it is difficult for architects and others working on digital platforms to protect the rights to their work. The VULCAN pavilion, the world's largest 3D-printed structure, was produced with these concerns in mind. It was originated by the Beijing-based Laboratory for Creative Design (LCD), which brings together top Chinese creatives across a range of disciplines to foster design innovation, cultural discussion and educational experimentation. LCD cofounder Feng Xu explains.     

上海世博公园设计任务书中技术要点解析

通过分析上海世博公园设计应满足中国2010上海世博会的特殊要求,围绕上海世博主题,紧扣总体规划,重点阐述了上海世博公园功能定位,以及实现绿地功能定位目标所必须制定的限定性技术指标和明确的设计引导,为上海世博公园方案国际招标做出了切实可行的基础工作,探索特殊公园设计任务书编制的新思路。     

上海世博公园规划设计国际征集方案评析

上海世博公园因世博会高容量与公园性质的冲突、防洪与亲水的矛盾、工业遗产保留与人性空间尺度的差异等问题,使其方案设计具有挑战性,由19家单位组合构成的8家国内外知名设计机构组合参与了上海世博公园设计方案国际征集。各家征集方案在功能布局、游憩组织和生态技术等方面都做了有益的探索,展示了设计师们的聪慧睿智和巧妙构思。选取5家具有不同特点的规划设计方案进行对比评析,以期为类似项目方案规划设计提供一些有益的启示。     

Recife: The Popular Struggle for a Better City

Sometimes dubbed Brazil's Venice, Recife is situated on a series of islands, articulated by waterways, on the country's northeast coast. The nation's ninth largest city, it has a historical core, but also shares many urban challenges common to other Brazilian metropolises: a beachfront blighted by speculative development, a semi-derelict port area and extensive zones of poor neighbourhoods. Architects and academics Circe Monteiro and Luiz Carvalho from the multidisciplinary research group INCITI (Research and Innovation for Cities) at the Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, describe here why, despite a history of inconsistent development, this could now be Recife's moment to transform itself as the urban agenda comes to the fore.     

中国大型足球赛场现状及发展探究——中国2018年世界杯规划战略研究系列（二）

对中国男子足球超级联赛、2004年亚洲杯、2007年女足世界杯、2008年奥运足球赛等重大足球赛事中的赛场现状进行分析,探讨其发展趋势,并对中国申办2018年世界杯的赛场潜在可能性进行分析。     

从设计管理看中国2010年上海世博会规划研究

世博会作为一项重大的城市事件,其成功举办需要更全面、更专业的工作模式和架构作保障.上海世博会事务协调局是个以协调为核心的设计管理机构,负责协调规划设计与行政管理、专业技术研究、动态运行之间的关系.在上海世博会的规划研究过程中,强调建立规划设计目标管理控制体系.     

2010年南非世界杯主办城市与赛场漫谈

4年一度的世界杯,总是能吸引全球人的目光。南非世界杯毫无疑问是2010年夏天的最大焦点,全世界的话题都集中在这项超级体育盛事上。本文主要介绍分析2010年南非世界杯的主办城市和主办赛场,并就世界杯赛场氛围及其文化延展进行探讨。     

Resident Perceptions of the 2010 FIFA Soccer World Cup Stadia Development in Cape Town

The 2010 Federation Internationale de Football (FIFA) World Cup to be hosted in South Africa is expected to provide an opportunity to further the country’s objectives of using sporting events to signal international recognition and promote socio-economic development. Studies on sport tourism events tend to focus on economic impacts and neglect social issues (Ritchie and Adair 2004). In particular, residents’ perceptions are overlooked although they are often directly impacted by sport events, especially when they reside in close proximity to the event location. The 2010 FIFA World Cup is heralded as a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity with significant legacy benefits for South Africans. However, generally, the actual voices of local residents are absent in relation to debates pertaining to this event and concomitant anticipated benefits (Swart and Bob 2007). One hundred residents in each location were interviewed. The focus of the study was to examine the perceptions of the residents towards the proposed stadia development and potential impacts of the 2010 World Cup. The findings reveal that there is considerable support and positive perceptions relating to South Africa’s hosting of the 2010 World Cup. However, there were several concerns raised in relation to the distribution of anticipated benefits and the impacts of the stadia on their lives.     

阿富汗巴米扬河谷的历史文化遗存

本文依据自1922年法国考古队以来的历年考古成果，结合对古代文献的重新解读，着重介绍阿富汗巴米扬五窟的建筑、雕塑、壁画艺术特色，以及古代阿富汗地区作为古代希膜、印度、中国这三大文明圈的中介和枢纽的特殊地位，阿富汗古代佛教文化遗存的多样性和复杂性向世人表明：三大文明圈的互相接触不仅仅停留在艺术样式的传导和物质交流上，更有许多涉及各文明圈自身变化的影响，有待我们继续探讨。     

Linking the Formal and Informal: Favela Urbanisation and Social Housing in São Paulo

São Paulo is Brazil's largest city with over 20 million inhabitants, 14 per cent of which live in informal settlements. Here author, critic and editor Fernando Serapião describes various housing initiatives led by Elisabete França during her two stints at the city's Secretaria de Habitação (SEHAB – Housing Secretariat), which employed design as a tool to upgrade and more fully integrate the city's favelas in the formal city.