PEO/CaC03/PLA复合材料开孔结构的制备

采用聚乳酸(PLA)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、碳酸钙(CaCO3)熔融共混制备具有开孔结构的PLA多孔材料,借助于扫描电镜、孔隙率、热分析和压缩性能的测试方法,研究了连续混炼工艺对多孔材料结构和性能的影响.结果表明,过高或过低的转子转速和加料量都会导致多孔材料孔隙率的下降.当转子转速为600 r/min,加料量为2.61 kg/h时,孔隙率达到最大值76.8％.压缩模量和压缩强度分别为4.3 MPa和2.9 MPa.提高转子转速有利于多孔材料结晶性能的提高.     

醇钙法和醇-水二元溶剂法制备亚稳态球霰石相CaCO3

提出了醇钙法概念, 并采用该方法制备了亚稳态球霰石相CaCO₃, 即利用CaCl₂溶解于乙醇形成的络合物与Na₂CO₃水溶液之间的反应制备球霰石相CaCO₃。主要研究了陈化时间和反应温度对产物晶相组成和颗粒形貌的影响, 并与相同条件下传统醇-水二元溶剂法制备CaCO₃进行了对比。X射线衍射(XRD)表征结果表明, 两种制备方法得到的产物中球霰石相的含量均随反应时间的延长和反应温度的升高而降低, 但是醇钙法得到的球霰石的含量远大于醇-水二元溶剂法, 且醇钙法得到的球霰石的稳定性也远优于醇-水二元溶剂法。SEM观察结果表明, 两种制备方法得到的产物中的球霰石和方解石颗粒均为其典型形貌, 即球状和菱方状。     

近净成形Ti—Al多孔金属间化合物的孔隙形成及生长的演变机制

近净成形Ti-Al金属间化合物多孔材料具有优异的特性,但制备过程中由于Ti,Al元素粉末反应合成及孔隙演变的复杂性,导致这种新型多7L材料的孔结构很难控制。通过对Ti-Al元素粉末在反应合成过程中的显微结构、物相以及孔结构进行观测和分析,揭示了近净成形Ti-Al多孔金属间化合物的孔隙形成及生长的演变过程。结果表明,在Al元素两阶段的偏扩散过程中,在快速扩散组元A1的位置,在Kirkendall效应以及与孔径成反比的张应力的共同作用下,Ti-Al合金多孔材料中的Kirkendal孔隙随着Al元素的快速扩散逐渐长大;Ti-Al合金多孔材料中的Kirkendall孔隙是以生坯中Al颗粒的变形形状为模板进行生长并连通,经烧结驱动力微观调整后随合金成分的均匀化而被稳定下来,形成由大量高度连通孔隙和很少一部分细小闭合孔隙组成的孔结构。     

Assembly of nano-superstructural aragonite CaCO3 by living bio-membrane

Biomimetic living templates, mung bean sprouts (MBS), were employed to control the crystallisation of calcium carbonate. Metastable aragonite superstructure can be readily generated in normal conditions. Some interesting morphologies including elaborate piny dendritic, flowerlike and rods were also prepared using citric acid, nitrilotriacetic acid and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as cooperation modifiers in the mineralisation process, under the conditions of 0.01% of crystal modifier and ambient temperature. These morphologies were assembled by some elaborate substructures, similar to nanowire and featherlike crystals. The products were characterised by SEM, XRD and FTIR, respectively. The results indicated that the formation of aragonite polymorph of calcium carbonate was favoured in this system. A probable mechanism was proposed.     

Formation of Helically Structured Chitin/CaCO3 Hybrids through an Approach Inspired by the Biomineralization Processes of Crustacean Cuticles

Chitin/CaCO₃ hybrids with helical structures are formed through a biomineralization‐inspired crystallization process under ambient conditions. Liquid‐crystalline chitin whiskers are used as helically ordered templates. The liquid‐crystalline structures are stabilized by acidic polymer networks which interact with the chitin templates. The crystallization of CaCO₃ is conducted by soaking the templates in the colloidal suspension of amorphous CaCO₃ (ACC) at room temperature. At the initial stage of crystallization, ACC particles are introduced inside the templates, and they crystallize to CaCO₃ nanocrystals. The acidic polymer networks induce CaCO₃ crystallization. The characterization of the resultant hybrids reveals that they possess helical order and homogeneous hybrid structures of chitin and CaCO₃, which resemble the structure and composition of the exoskeleton of crustaceans.     

压制压力对Ni3Al金属间化合物多孔材料孔结构及抗拉强度的影响

以Ni、Al元素粉末为原料,采用粉末冶金的方法制备Ni3Al多孔金属间化合物。研究了压制压力对Ni3Al多孔金属间化合物孔结构和抗拉强度的影响。研究结果表明,随着压制压力的增大,Ni3Al多孔金属间化合物的孔隙度呈线性减小的趋势;当压制压力达到220MPa以上时,随着压制压力的增大,Ni3Al多孔金属间化合物的最大孔径和透气度减小幅度趋缓;最大孔径是决定透气度大小的主要因素;抗拉强度与压制压力之间的关系式为sb=600(0.06P-41.51)2.45。     

碳酸盐矿化菌调控碳酸钙结晶动力学、形态学的研究

选用实验室自培育碳酸盐矿化菌,研究了体系、细菌体体系、细菌分泌物液体系对碳酸钙结晶动力学,晶体形貌影响.研究发现细菌液浓度增加,抑制碳酸钙成核动力学"平台区"由0增加到7.8min;细菌体作为异相成核点加速结晶过程;分泌物抑制晶体成核,并随着与Ca2 混合时间的不同,"平台期"延长.球形碳酸钙的产生是由细菌分泌物调控;Ca2 同有机质表面-COO-和CO结合,并且随着相互间作用程度的增加,球状碳酸钙不规整表面逐步转变为光滑表面.本研究对于微生物诱导碳酸钙的工程性应用如混凝土微裂缝修复、古建筑表面防护处理、微纳米碳酸钙颗粒制备等具有一定指导意义.