在配料称量系统中使用的喂料设备

根据粉料自动配料称量系统对喂料设备的要求,简述了电磁振动给料机的结构、工作原理及设计计算方法,提出了电磁振动给料机在设计和安装过程中需要注意的问题,并指出了在调试电磁振动给料机时易出现的问题及其解决措施,为电磁振动给料机在粉料自动配料称量系统中的正确应用提供了保证。     

固-液两相管式膜清洗系统的研究

本文主要研究了用海绵橡胶球(固)一水(液)两相清洗系统对淀粉溶液污染的管式膜的清洗效果。通过海绵橡胶球清洗与传统大量水冲洗方法对水通量恢复率和蛋清截留率的比较,得出了海绵橡胶球清洗方法具有良好的清洗效果,并且对膜孔径无明显影响的结论。     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF PARTICLE FLOW VELOCITIES IN SOLID-LIQUID FOOD MIXTURES

The design of equipment to sterilise solid-liquid food mixtures continuously requires that the flow properties of such mixtures be understood. Little information is available on food flows, which can consist of high solids fractions of particles of a range of densities in non-Newtonian and viscous liquids. A metal detection system which can log two types of particle in the same experiment has been constructed and used in a loop flow rig to study flows of single particles and carrot-water mixtures. Results can be correlated using the particle Froude number; some preliminary analysis is presented to suggest that data can be correlated against 1/Fr_p. The effect of solids fraction on particle flow velocity has been investigated; greatest variations in the particle velocity appear for stratified flows for solids fractions between 10-20%.     

固液界面吸附现象的研究

介绍了通过测定纯水及醇水溶液在二醋酸纤维素（ＣＡ）膜上的接触角计算溶质在固－液界面的吸附量。结果表明：（１）醇在固－液界面上是负吸附；（２）醇的吸附量与摩尔质量及分子结构有关；（３）可用溶质（醇）界面吸附量预测膜的反渗透分离性能。     

A VERSATILE CORRELATION OF LIQUID HOLD-UP IN TWO-PHASE COUNTER-CURRENT TRICKLE BED COLUMN

A new definition of the flooding point in a two-phase counter-current trickle bed column has been proposed. Based on this point a versatile correlation of liquid hold-up has been formulated. The coefficients of this correlation are invariant to the change of physical properties of liquid, type and size of the packing forming the bed and gas velocity. This conclusion has been reached from the analysis of experiments with four different liquids irrigating the bed and three types of packing of various size. The versatile correlation can be used also re-currently to calculate flooding hold-up and flooding liquid rate from two known values of liquid hold-up for a given gas rate.     

SOLID-LIQUID MASS TRANSFER STUDY OF THE OZONATION OF PHENANTHRENE

Phenanthrene, a priority, hazardous pollutant, is found in the vapor and paniculate phase in the atmosphere as well as in aquatic ecosystems. Water droplets can form around the particulates and dissolve the phenanthrene. Subsequent oxidation of the phenanthrene by ozone can result in the formation of secondary pollutants. Thus the mass transfer of solid phenanthrene with and without ozonation reactions in water is investigated and a simple mathematical model based on film theory is formulated to predict the changes in bulk ozone concentrations and enhancement factors. Physical mass transfer coefficients for phenanthrene in water measured at room temperature in an agitated vessel increased from 1·174 ×10^-5 to 2·932 × 10^-5 m/s as the agitation speed increased from 65 to 315 RPM. The ozonation of phenanthrene significantly increases the mass transfer rates of phenanthrene into water as indicated by enhancement factors which range from 2 to 7·8. At low agitation speeds, the film model agreed well with the experimental data regarding the rates of disappearance and concentrations of the bulk ozone. However, the calculated and measured concentrations of ozone deviated as much as 55% at high speeds of agitation probably due to turbulent effects. Nevertheless, the model is useful for estimating the enhancement factor; the theoretical and experimental values are in good agreement with the maximum deviation of 25%.     

固液非均相反应器RTD研究

建立并检验了固液非均相反应系统停留时间分布（ＲＴＤ）的流动模型，研究了固液两相ＲＴＤ的变化规律，及该特定系统的放大规律，并给出了相应的放大经验模型，初步确立了固液非均相反应器的最佳中试规模。为固液非均相反应器的中试放大提供了理论和实验依据。     

分批精馏中的持液作用

分批精馏中持液影响塔内的动态过程,因此许多学者一直致力于分批精馏过程中持液作用的研究,但由于研究缺乏系统性,持液的作用一直是学术上争论的热点.本文提出用全过程分离难度系数关联各参数对分离过程的影响,并建立了分批精馏的恒摩尔持液模型,用全过程的分离难度系数研究了分批精馏的持液作用,结果表明：塔顶持液对分离不利,但塔身持液在一定条件下增多可使所需回流比降低;塔内持液量与釜液量之比为一个因子,当q<0.7时,确定的分批精馏塔存在最佳投料量.采用甲苯-乙苯二元物系对最佳投料量进行了实验验证,实验结果与模拟结果吻合较好.     

一体化纳滤设备处理生活污水的中试研究

采用新型抗污染纳滤膜,研制开发了纳滤中试成套设备处理生活污水,确定了其最佳操作压力为600kPa,产水量为12L／min,回收率为85％,除盐率为72．8％。在该条件下,对生活污水的处理效能高,对c0D、BOD、TP、Fe的去除率最高分别达到95％、96％、96．27％和l00％,平均去除率分别为85．82％、88．51％、89．49％和92．50％。出水除氨氮外,均达到生活杂用水标准。设备运行周期为30d,采用化学清洗与水力冲洗相结合的清洗方法,化学清洗剂为0．1mol／L的Na0H溶液。     

循序间歇式脱氮工艺去除焦化废水中氨氮的研究

针对现有焦化废水中ＮＨ＿３－Ｎ严重超标问题．研究了循序间歇式工艺（ＳＢＲ法）对焦化废水中氨氮的去除．通过对硝化菌、反硝化菌的驯化、ｐＨ值调节、曝气方式影响因素的考察．表明该工艺对焦化废水中氨氮处理具有显著效果，处理后废水的出水ＮＨ＿３－Ｎ浓度为４．６ ｍｇ／Ｌ．脱氨率为９８％．     

新型网波填料塔的间歇精馏优化操作的研究

作者在一中试规模的C—02型网波填料塔中,进行了同时变汽速和变回流比的双参数优化操作研究,得出了同时变汽速和变回流比的最优组合操作方案,并建立了间歇精馏的有关动态及经济效益的数学模型。     

过氧化物DCP母料的研制

研究了采用过氧化物DCP、将DCP制成母料、在DCP母料中加入分散剂、在加入分散剂的母料中再加入助交联剂MAH(顺丁烯二酸酐)这4种条件下LDPE的交联情况，讨论了DCP的加入量对LDPE交联度的影响，同时讨论了交联度随交联时间的变化。     

精密挤出装备的研制与应用

提出精密挤出概念 ,系统分析了影响挤出制品精度的各种因素 ,研制了一台DJ/PE32× 2 8-A型精密挤出实验装置。用该装置对LDPE料进行了初步实验 ,并与普通挤出机的实验结果进行了对比 ,结果表明该精密挤出实验装置对提高挤出制品的尺寸精度是十分有效的。     

间歇吸附器内活性炭纤维吸附性能

为研究活性炭纤维的吸附性能,针对纤维状吸附剂,建立了间歇吸附模型并推导出当吸附等温方程为线性时该模型的解析解。用活性炭纤维吸附水中微量三氯甲烷实验对模型进行了验证。实验测定了间歇吸附器内水中微量三氯甲烷的主体浓度变化曲线及吸附等温平衡线,通过比较主体浓度变化曲线与模型计算值,由误差等值图法估算了有效扩散系数以及液膜传质系数。     

DYNAMIC OPTIMISATION OF THE SELECTIVITY IN A BATCH ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTOR

In a stirred batch electrochemical reactor where a series of cathodic reactions ABD takes place, the optimal profiles of electrode potential required to reduce the concentration of A from C_AO to C_Af in a specified batch period t_f, while maximising the final concentration of product B, were determined by means of Pontryagin's maximum principle. The influence of the liquid/solid mass transfer coefficient and the desired final conversion rate of A was investigated. In this paper, the reaction studied was the electroreduction of oxalic acid (A) to glyoxilic acid (B) followed by the reduction of glyoxilic acid to glycollic acid (A). The results obtained by applying optimal profiles were compared to those resulting from constant electrode potentials. It was shown that in realistic operating conditions, the final concentration of Scan be improved up to 25% when electrode potential is optimised.     

FEASIBILITY OF ON-LINE REOPTIMIZATION IN BATCH PROCESSES

This work points out some serious drawbacks of the standard procedure for on-line optimization of batch processes. Commonly, at any given batch time, on-line measurement information is used to improve the estimate of the current state and the objective function is optimized again based on the estimated state. This strategy is useful when only the initial state is in error, but is unreliable in the more common case of an inaccurate dynamic model. Reoptimization based on the state estimates may then constitute a poor policy, even if perfect state estimates were available. Simulation examples of a semi-batch reactor are used to illustrate the associated pitfalls and to demonstrate what can be done to possibly detect and circumvent them.     

MEASUREMENT OF CONTINUOUS PHASE VELOCITIES IN A CONFINED SOLID-LIQUID JET USING LDV

A two-component LDV was used to investigate how flow structures in a liquid jet are influenced by the presence of solid particles. Solid glass spheres with a density of 2.5 kg/dm³ and three different sizes (0.5 mm, 1 mm, and 2 mm) at different solids loading (0–6.2 vol.%) were used as particles, while water served as continuous phase. No significant influence of the solid particles on the rate of decrease in the centerline liquid velocity or the jet expansion ratio could be observed. Two flow regimes were identified: a stable jet characterized by a symmetric shear layer close to the nozzle, and a flow dominated by large-scale instabilities farther from the nozzle. The spreading of particles was dominated by interparticle collisions in the region close to the nozzle and by jet instability in the region farther from the nozzle. With increased solids loading increased liquid RMS values in the region close to the nozzle could be found. The effect on RMS values was larger with larger particles. For the 1 mm particles the RMS increased in this region, but decreased in the region farther from the nozzle. The presence of 2 mm particles acted to stabilize the jet, and the instability moved farther downstream. Suspensions with smaller particles had no effect on the instability, strength, or location.     

盐析法从鲜向日葵梗中提取果胶的工艺研究

研究了用盐析法从鲜向日葵梗中提取果胶，通过正交实验，对工艺条件进行了探讨