结构健康监测中传感器布点优化的研究进展

传感器布点优化(OSP)关系到结构监测系统(SHM)所采集信息的准确性及可靠性,是结构模型修改、损伤识别、状态评估的基础,是SHM中一个至关重要及热点研究问题。从优化目标(即传感器布点准则)及优化算法的角度对目前SHM中OSP方法进行综述,最后提出了对此领域中需要进一步研究的几个问题。     

中山二桥结构健康监测系统研究与设计

本文介绍中山二桥的健康监测系统,围绕中山二桥运营、管养的需求,研究设计了桥梁结构健康监测系统的总体构成、各子系统的构成及实现方法,确定了监测内容和布点原则,设计了桥梁结构状态识别与评估的方法与策略等。     

海底隧道结构健康监测设计研究

 由于海底隧道工程环境的特殊性与复杂性，因此为保证海底隧道运营安全，必须对海底隧道进行长期的结构健康监测，以此了解隧道结构在复杂环境中的受力变化状况，从而及时了解隧道结构损伤位置及损伤程度，进而对结构安全状况做出评估并加以有效处理。在对隧道结构健康监测现状进行总结后，针对海底隧道工程特点，结合在建的厦门翔安海底隧道工程，通过必要的数值模拟计算，首先确定出该隧道的监测内容及重点监测部位，随后结合工程实际情况确定监测断面位置、监测项目及监测仪器的选择、监测点布置等内容。同时，研究结果表明：(1) 不良地质段隧道结构安全监测，除对该位置隧道结构进行重点监测外，还应当在邻近较好地质条件处设立辅助监测断面，便于分析不良地质条件对隧道结构的影响作用；(2) 海底隧道结构的渗漏情况可通过监测其重点部位，如拱部的衬砌开裂情况，并配合相应位置的衬砌结构水压变化情况而间接获得。研究结果将对我国在建或拟建的海底隧道结构健康监测起到一定的指导作用。     

乐清湾2号桥安全监测系统设备布点设计

通过对乐清湾2号桥结构特点、风险特征及理论计算的分析,结合交通运输部的《公路桥梁结构安全监测系统技术规程》推荐,探讨了乐清湾2号桥结构安全监测系统的主要监测内容及有代表性的测点设计方案。通过具体的工程应用实例,阐述了斜拉桥结构安全监测系统设计的一般方法,为类似的工程提供借鉴。     

润扬大桥结构健康监测策略研究

桥梁结构健康监测与安全评估系统是桥梁结构养护决策系统的支撑条件之一,是保证大跨桥梁正常安全运营的重要手段.文章对建立大跨桥梁结构健康监测系统的关键问题--大跨桥梁结构健康监测策略进行了分析研究,重点讨论了桥梁结构健康监测项目的选择依据以及传感器优化布设的原则与依据,提出了润扬大桥结构安全健康监测系统的传感器测点布置.     

江阴大桥结构健康监测系统升级改造设计研究

本文在对原系统分析研究的基础上,结合江阴大桥升级改造工程实际,对升级改造的系统构成、监测技术的应用、子系统的设计等方面进行了研究.提出了江阴大桥结构健康监测系统的升级改造的总体要求与思路,明确了升级改造的主要内容.从传感器的布置、数据采集的要求、传感器的技术参数等方面对各个子系统进行了工程设计.针对系统升级改造的总体目标与要求,对江阴大桥结构健康监测系统的系统软件和数据处理进行设计研究.就如何应用监测系统的数据建立运营情况下的江阴大桥评估系统进行了研究,从结构异常状态预警、结构状态识别、结构健康状态评估方法方面进行了设计分析.     

苏通大桥结构健康监测及安全评价系统的研究与设计

介绍了世界第一大跨斜拉桥-苏通大桥结构健康监测及安全评价系统研究与设计的部分阶段性成果,结合对近年来桥梁健康监测系统研究所取得的主要进展和尚待进一步研究的关键性问题的综合性评述,阐述了苏通大桥结构健康监测与安全评价系统的系统构成、系统目标、布点策略、监测仪器的选择、损伤识别及安全评价方法策略等问题,并对大跨桥梁结构健康监测及安全评价系统的发展方向进行了探讨.     

桥梁结构的健康监测

阐述了桥梁健康监测理念及发展方向，介绍了健康监测技术和无损检测方法，指出健康监测系统的研究及应用将是发展的主要方向，桥梁技术人员应予以更多关注。     

桥梁结构的健康监测

从现代桥梁健康监测的发展方向、分类、检测方法等角度，综合阐述桥梁健康监测在结构整体评估、设计验证的重要作用，表明桥梁结构健康检测日益成为当今桥梁建设的热点。     

基于FBG传感的瀛洲大桥结构健康监测系统研究

基于光纤Bragg光栅传感技术,对洛阳瀛洲大桥结构健康监测系统进行了研究。介绍了瀛洲大桥健康监测系统的组成和各系统的功能,提出了基于FBG传感技术的长期监测与周期检测结合的监测策略,根据大桥构件在结构安全中的重要性和易损性确定了监测内容,重点对于大桥关键受力区一拱脚倒三角区进行了有限元分析,在此基础上进行了FBG传感布置。最后对于大桥运营结构预警与评估实施方法等进行了探讨。     

广州黄埔大桥南汊桥健康监测方案

采用有限元通用程序ANSYS对该桥进行静力与动力分析确定传感器的布设位置，并依据计算的前20阶动力特性结果，采用遗传算法（GA）进行传感器的优化布设，选用精度较高的光纤光栅传感器，能够满足对桥梁长期监测的需要。     

Investigation concerning structural health monitoring of an instrumented cable-stayed bridge

In Hong Kong, a sophisticated long-term structural health monitoring system has been devised by the Highways Department of HKSAR Government to monitor the structural performance and health conditions of three cable-supported bridges. On-structure instrumentation systems for two new long-span bridges are also being implemented. The implementation of these monitoring systems highlights the necessity for developing a monitoring-based structural health evaluation paradigm for long-span bridges. This paper describes the research directed towards this that has been conducted in the Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Taking the instrumented cable-stayed Ting Kau Bridge as a paradigm, the research covers the development of an index system and a database system for monitoring data management, the modelling of the environmental variability of measured modal properties with the intention of eliminating environmental effects in vibration-based damage detection, and the feasibility of using measured modal properties from the deployed vibration sensors for structural damage identification.     

Non-contact structural health monitoring of a cable-stayed bridge: case study

In this article, the condition assessment of a cable-stayed bridge using remote sensing is presented. The displacement influence line (DIL) of the bridge under the live load tests is measured for a discrete number of target points. Three different remote sensing techniques including, laser scanning, terrestrial robotic total station and digital levelling are adopted for this purpose. It is demonstrated that DIL obtained by non-contact system is capable of identifying an emulated damage in an actual operating system. The contribution of the work is fourfold. First, a damage index based on the displacement profile of the bridge under the weigh-in-motion is extracted from the non-contact sensing system. Second, our study compares three different remote sensing techniques, namely, digital levelling, robotic total station and laser scanning and uses the measurements to validate the finite element model. Third, the effectiveness of the proposed method for structural damage identification is validated in a real-world large-scale operating structure. Finally, it is validated that strain-based influence line is highly likely to misidentify damage especially when the location of damage is not in the close proximity of the sensor; however, DIL is a better damage indicator even if damage occurs far from the measurement point.     

Optimization of bridge maintenance strategies based on structural health monitoring information

Highway bridges are subjected to strength degradation processes. Under budget constraints, it is important to determine the best maintenance strategies. Optimized strategies, based on prediction models, are already considered for the maintenance and operation of highway bridges. Prediction models are updated both in space and time by using non-destructive testing methods. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need for the efficient inclusion of structural health monitoring (SHM) data in structural assessment and prediction models. Indeed, SHM allows keeping strength degradation processes under control and should be included in life-cycle cost models. The lifetime reliability of structures is characterized by survivor functions. The SHM data enable to update the probability density function of time to failure through a Bayesian process. The aim of this paper is threefold: (a) to include SHM data in a bridge life-cycle cost analysis, (b) to determine optimal maintenance strategies based on monitoring information, and (c) to show the benefits of SHM. Optimal strategies are determined considering the cases without and with including monitoring results; the benefit of monitoring is then highlighted. The proposed concepts are applied to the I-39 Northbound Bridge over the Wisconsin River in Wisconsin, USA. A monitoring program of that bridge was performed by the ATLSS Engineering Research Center at Lehigh University.     

光纤光栅传感器在城轨桥梁监测中的设计与应用

针对城轨桥梁运输特点,确立了桥梁在线健康监测系统的监测内容,根据识别误差最小等准则进行了传感器优化布置,将该监测系统示范应用到了两跨简支梁桥梁,结果表明,该系统能反映桥梁长周期实时运行情况,适用于桥梁变形趋势的研究和桥梁健康评估。     

Development of an integrated structural health monitoring system for bridge structures in operational conditions

This paper presents an overview of development of an integrated structural health monitoring system. The integrated system includes vibration and guided-wave based structural health monitoring. It integrates the real-time heterogeneous sensor data acquiring system, data analysis and interpretation, physical-based numerical simulation of complex structural system under operational conditions and structural evaluation. The study is mainly focused on developing: integrated sensor technology, integrated structural damage identification with operational loads monitoring, and integrated structural evaluation with results from system identification. Numerical simulation and its implementation in laboratory show that the system is effective and reliable to detect local damage and global conditions of bridge structures.     

应用压电陶瓷传感器于桥墩的损坏诊断

该研究主要为运用压电传感器进行宜兰牛斗桥现地混凝土桥墩结构的健康诊断。所使用的压电传感器为利用压电陶瓷材料所制成,利用基本波动力学及压电材料可发射应力波亦可接收应力波的特性,进行现地混凝土桥墩结构的健康诊断研究。结构健康诊断为将压电传感器埋入RC桥墩结构内,当试体受到破坏时,由压电传感器发射应力波及由不同位置的压电传感器来撷取应力波,利用应力波振幅随着结构破坏程度、裂缝增加而减少振幅的特性,可知RC桥墩结构物的损坏程度。利用数值分析得到损坏指针,即可判断出结构物损坏程度,其量测结果随着结构物的损坏程度越严重,损坏指标也越高。当桥墩结构物达到严重破坏程度时,所量测到的损坏指标也相当接近最大值。该研究为压电传感器第一次应用于现地桥墩结构,除可验证压电材料用于实际结构物检测的可行性,判断混凝土结构的健康程度,另实为土木结构非破坏检测上的一种新的检测方法。     

基于传感器网络的桥梁健康监测系统的研究与设计

本文主要通过传感器网络技术,将温度传感器、应变传感器、位移传感器等与动态称重系统进行系统集成,完成了对桥梁结构的安全监测,及时发现桥梁损伤,为桥梁维护管理提供技术依据,辅助桥梁日常交通管理,确保了桥梁的安全运营。本文主要对系统的整体架构、传感器网络系统、数据采集系统及软件系统的设计进行详尽的阐述。本文的论述,给桥梁工程领域提供了很好的健康监测应用案例,对从事该领域的工程技术人员具有重要的参考意义。     

结构化设计在道路桥梁设计中的应用

介绍了结构化设计在道路桥梁设计中的应用原则,从混凝土工程与防水结构设计两方面,阐述了结构化设计在道路桥梁中的应用技术,并探讨了结构化设计的优化措施,从而确保工程的质量。