新型室温磁热效应直接测量仪研制

采用冷阱技术、高精度温度传感器与高精度测量仪表、制冷/制热功率连续调节技术以及磁场系统可更换方式研制了一台新型室温磁热效应测量仪。该测量仪具有测温温域宽、测温精度高、控温平稳、磁场系统可更换等优点。测量范围-50～70℃,测量精度达到0.01℃,磁场系统为0.8～1.8 T可更换。可用于室温磁制冷材料性能基础研究工作和磁制冷工质的选用。     

不同工艺对LaFe11.9-xCoxSi1.1B0.25(x=0.7,0.8)合金的磁热效应的影响

从室温磁制冷商品化角度出发,用工业纯原料,对用不同工艺(甩带、铸锭)制作的LaFe11.9-xCoxSi1.1B0.25(x=0.7,0.8)合金的磁热效应作了研究.研究结果表明,铸锭样品的磁热效应优于甩带样品,在1.5T磁场下,铸锭LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1B0.25样品的温变最大值达到2.6K,对应的温度在-6℃左右.随着Co的加入,居里温度升高,但磁热效应有所降低.     

室温磁制冷研究现状与发展

室温磁制冷技术是一种高效环保的新制冷技术，虽然目前还不太成熟，但是其应用前景十分广阔，有望取代传统的蒸气压缩式制冷方法。本丈简要阐述了磁热效应的原理，并介绍了室温磁制冷的研究现状与发展。     

室温磁热效应直接测量仪的研制

简单介绍了室温磁热效应测量仪的工作原理及组成,并且测量了Gd样品的磁热效应T-△Tad曲线,该仪器具有操作简单方便、测量费用低廉等优点,它可以作为室温磁制冷材料研究的重要测量手段,同时也可以解决目前磁制冷材料普遍只研究等温磁熵变的不足的问题.     

NaZn13型LaFe基室温磁致冷材料研究进展

介绍了LaFe基室温磁致冷材料在磁热效应和制备方面的研究进展.指出具有NaZn13型结构且Fe含量高的LaFe基化合物是良好的软磁材料,其居里温度可通过Co取代Fe或添加非金属元素H、C、B等来提高;采用甩带和添加其他稀土元素取代La可缩短材料获得NaZn13型结构的退火时间.通过调整LaFe基化合物的元素配比,将有可能制备出具有巨磁热效应的室温磁致冷材料.     

Cr,Mn,Co,Ni替代对LaFe11.5Si1.5磁性与磁热效应的影响

通过X射线衍射和磁性测量手段研究了由Cr,Mn,Co,Ni原子替代LaFe11.5Si1.5化合物中的Fe原子,对化合物结构、磁性与磁热效应的影响.结果表明:替代后的所有化合物的主相均为NaZn13型立方结构并存在杂相,衍射数据精修图表明杂相分别为1.3％的α-Fe相和2.5％的LaFeSi相.Cr,Mn和Ni的替代Fe使LaFe11.5 Si1.5化合物的居里温度与饱和磁化强度下降,而Co的替代化合物的居里温度与饱和磁化强度且增加.所有的替代均使化合物的热滞下降.对Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni替代Fe的化合物在0～5.0T的磁场下最大磁熵变-△Sm分别为23.8,19.8,26.4,20.0和25.9 J·(kg·K)-1.     

热处理对LaFe_(11.2)Co_(0.7)Si_(1.1)B_(0.2)合金磁热效应的影响

在高温(1170℃)下对LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1B0.2合金进行0h,1h,3h,6h,24h和72h热处理,测量了其磁热效应,并利用XRD和SEM进行结构和相组织分析。结果表明合金铸态以α-Fe相为主,随着热处理时间增加,α-Fe相逐渐减少,而NaZn13相(1∶13相)增加,时间太长(72h)α-Fe相组织变大;磁热效应T-ΔTad曲线峰值也随着时间增加,在6h时达到最大值,之后下降,而居里点有所升高。     

MnP_(1-x)M_x系列合金的磁热效应

研究了1∶1型MnP基系列合金MnP1-xMx(M=Si,Sb,Ge,Zn,Sn)(x=0,0.1)的结构及其磁热效应。室温X射线衍射表明该系列合金的主相结构均为正交MnP结构,空间群为Pnma。在用Ge,Sb,Zn,Sn作为替代元素的合金中存在少量第二相Mn5.64P3。磁性测量表明该系列合金MnP1-xMx(M=Si,Sb,Ge,Zn,Sn)(x=0,0.1)的存在由铁磁-顺磁的二级相变。其居里温度Tc分别为286,295,294,295,295K。通过磁化曲线计算了MnP1-xMx(M=Si,Sb,Ge,Zn,Sn)(x=0,0.1)合金的最大等温磁熵变-ΔSm,均在0.7～1.3J.kg-.1K-1之间。     

室温磁热效应直接测量仪的误差分析

简单介绍了室温磁热效应测量仪的组成、工作原理及其优点;用金属G d作为标准样品,用两个不同尺寸的温度传感器,测量了两个大小不同的样品。结果表明,相同条件下测量的数据重复性很好,而不同条件下测量的数据有一些差别,对此进行了分析,发现测量样品时特别是样品较小时,温度传感器的热容以及绝热条件等因素是引起误差的主要原因。     

磁热效应及磁制冷材料的选择依据

从热力学基本理论出发,解释了磁制冷材料的磁热效应,并推导出等温熵变|ΔSm|和绝热温变ΔTad的基本公式,为选择合适的磁制冷材料提供了理论依据.     

热处理工艺对粉末烧结样品La(Fe11.2Co0.7Si1.1)B0.25磁热效应的影响

采用SPS(放电等离子烧结技术)制备了La(Fe11.2Co0.7Si1.1)B0.25合金,并进行了不同时间的热处理。利用XRD及SEM检测了合金的相结构及组织结构,同时对合金的等温磁熵变和绝热温变进行了研究。结果表明,随热处理时间的增加,合金的α-Fe相逐渐减少,主相La(Fe,Si)13相逐渐增加,其等温磁熵变和绝热温变也都逐渐增加。     

粉末冶金法制备La(Fe11.05Co0.85Si1.1)B0.25化合物的磁热效应

用非自耗电弧炉熔炼制备了La(Fe<,11.05>Co<,0.85>Si<,1.1>)B<,0.25>铸锭,并将该铸锭在氩气保护中球磨制粉,采用SPS(放电等离子烧结技术SparkPlasma Sintering)将该粉制成La(Fe<,11.05>Co<,0.85>Si<,1.1>)B<,0.25>合金,在高温(1070℃)下对其进行20 h热处理;空冷之后用XRD及SEM检测了铸锭热处理样品、SPS烧结样品及SPS热处理后样品的相及组织结构,利用VSM和磁热效应直接测量仪测量了这3种状态下合金的等温磁熵变和绝热温变.结果表明,铸锭合金的基相组织结构中晶粒大小规则较均匀,晶界清晰明显,在0～1.5 T的变化磁场下测得其等温磁熵变达到-5.22 J·(kg·K)<'-1>-,绝热温变也达到2.3 K,而采用SPS技术制得的样品的基相组织结构中没有明显晶界且夹杂较多,其等温磁熵变为-3.90 J·(kg·K)<'-1>,绝热温变为1.9 K(0～1.5 T);经过热处理的SPS样品基相组织结构中,有少量晶界形成,但晶粒大小不规则,测得其等温磁熵变为-3.72 J·(kg·K)<'-1>,绝热温变为1.5 K(0～1.5 T);与铸锭相比较,SPS技术制得的合金样品和经过高温热处理之后的SPS样品的绝热温变值和等温熵磁变值均降低,同比之下这两种样品较铸锭样品的居里点和半峰宽却发生了改变,均显著提高;可以看出采用SPS技术制备的室温磁制冷材料La(Fe<,11.05>Co<,0.85>Si<,1.1>)B<,0.25>能够在较宽的温度范围内制冷,但其磁热效应却相对降低.     

Anisotropy and Asymmetry of Yield in Magnesium Alloys at Room Temperature

Mechanical anisotropy and asymmetry are often pronounced in wrought magnesium alloys and are detrimental to formability and service performance. Single crystals of magnesium are highly anisotropic due to the large difference in critical resolved shear stress between the softest and hardest deformation modes. Polycrystalline magnesium alloys exhibit lower anisotropy, influenced by texture, solute level, and precipitates. In this work, a fundamental study of the effects of alloying, precipitate formation, and texture on the change in anisotropy and asymmetry from the pure magnesium single crystal case to polycrystalline alloys has been performed. It is demonstrated that much of the reduction in anisotropy and asymmetry arises from overall strengthening as solute, precipitates, and grain boundary effects are accounted for. Precipitates are predicted to be more effective than solute in reducing anisotropy and asymmetry, but shape and habit are critical since precipitates produce highly anisotropic strengthening. A small deviation from an ideal basal texture (15 deg spread) has a very strong effect in reducing anisotropy and asymmetry, similar in magnitude to the maximum effect produced by precipitation. Elasto-plastic modeling suggests that this is due to a contribution from basal slip to initial plastic deformation, even when global yield is not controlled by this mode.     

Sintering and magnetocaloric properties of gas atomised LaFe11.0Si1.2Co0.8

ABSTRACT

The sintering behaviour of LaFe_11.0Si_1.2Co_0.8 powder produced by gas atomisation was examined to provide a basis for the application of powder metallurgical shaping technologies to magnetocaloric La(Fe,Si)₁₃-alloys. The aim was to establish sintering parameters for attaining both high densification and good magnetocaloric properties for the investigated particle sizes <10 µm and <25?µm. Dilatometry measurements and sintering trials were carried out and density, microstructure and entropy change ΔS of the sintered samples were analysed. For the fine particles <10?µm, the lowest investigated sintering temperature 1150°C results in a relative density of 97%, a low α-Fe content and a high ΔS?=??5?J?kg^?1?K^?1 (ΔH=2?T). For powder <25?µm, a two-stage process is required to achieve similar properties.     

Magnetocaloric and magneto-transport properties of Gd10Co20Si70 alloy

We report the results of magnetic, thermodynamic, transport and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) studies of newly synthesized Gd_(10)Co_(20)Si_(70) alloy. These measurements confirm an antiferromagnetic transition at T_N=9 K. Both MCE and magnetoresistance (MR) show quadratic dependence on the applied magnetic field, indicating the presence of spin fluctuations in the alloy. The maximum values of the magnetic entropy change determined from the isothermal magnetization data for magnetic field change of 7 and9 T are found to be 10.5 and 15.6 J/kg·K, respectively. As a consequence of the spin fluctuations effect, the MCE peaks are pulled towards high temperature side as asymmetrically broadened peak. The MR attains a large positive value of 73%at 2 K in 8 T. The large MR and reversible MCE make this alloy an attractive multifunctional magnetic material.     

44Si2CrV钢弹簧的室温蠕变

试验结果得出,44Si2CrV钢弹簧经淬火+中温回火处理并除掉表面脱碳层后,在室温下所受应力超过临界蠕变应力值时即发生蠕变;钢的抗拉(或剪切)强度越高,临界蠕变应力越高。44Si2CrV钢900℃淬火,500℃回火,临界蠕变应力 τ_cc =700 MPa;900℃淬火,380℃回火, τ_cc =800 MPa。蠕变开始时的塑性变形速率较大,之后急剧减小,在一定应力下保持一定时间后蠕变停止。经长时间压缩,蠕变变形已经停止的弹簧,于200℃保温2 h后空冷,弹簧的自由高度伸长,并且在原来的应力下加载,弹簧蠕变又重新开始。     

Thermodynamical Evaluation on Magnetocaloric Effect of Magnetic Refrigerating Materials Near Room Temperature

The relationship between isothermal magnetic entropy change △S and adiabatic temperature change △Tad was deduced according to the principles of thermodynamics. The MCE and the engineering application were discussed for Gd and several new kinds of magnetic refrigerating materials near room temperature, Gd5Si2Ge2, MnFeP0.45As0.55 and LaFe11.2Co0.7Si1.1. Isothermal entropy change is proportional to adiabatic temperature change with a factor of T/C (T is temperature, C is heat capacity). When the comparison of magnetacoloric effect is made for two different materials, we should consider isothermal entropy change as well as adiabatic temperature change.