Meso-scale Computational Investigation of Shock-Wave Attenuation by Trailing Release Wave in Different Grades of Polyurea

Over the past several years, considerable research efforts have been made toward investigating polyurea, a segmented thermoplastic elastomer, and particularly its shock-mitigation capacity, i.e., an ability to attenuate and disperse shock-waves. These research efforts have clearly established that the shock-mitigation capacity of polyurea is closely related to its chemistry, processing route, and the resulting microstructure. Polyurea typically possesses a nano-segregated microstructure consisting of (high glass transition temperature, T _g) hydrogen-bonded discrete hard domains and a (low T _g) contiguous soft matrix. While the effect of polyurea microstructure on its shock-mitigation capacity is well-established, it is not presently clear what microstructure-dependent phenomena and processes control its shock-mitigation capacity. To help identify these phenomena and processes, meso-scale simulations of the formation of nano-segregated microstructure and its interaction with a leading shock-wave and a trailing release-wave is analyzed in the present work. The results obtained revealed that shock-induced hard-domain densification makes an important contribution to the superior shock-mitigation capacity of polyurea, and that the extent of densification is a sensitive function of the polyurea soft-segment molecular weight. In particular, the ability of release-waves to capture and neutralize shock-waves has been found to depend strongly on the extent of shock-induced hard-domain densification and, thus, on the polyurea soft-segment molecular weight.     

Shock-Wave Consolidation of Rapidly Solidified Superalloy Powders

JOM - The feasibility of consolidating rapidly solidified MAR M-200 powders by explosive means is demonstrated. MAR M-200 powders produced by the rapid solidification rate (RSR) technique and...     

In Situ X-ray Tomography and 3D X-ray Diffraction Measurements of Cemented Granular Materials

JOM - In situ x-ray tomography and three-dimensional (3D) x-ray diffraction analysis have been combined to investigate the mechanical behavior of noncemented and lightly cemented quartz...     

声发射波在不同复合材料容器表面的衰减特性

分析了声发射波在不同复合材料容器表面的衰减特性。通过在复合材料容器表面进行衰减测试,探讨了材料组织方向、容器内的介质、容器受载历史等因素对声发射信号幅值衰减特性的影响。结果表明,以上因素影响了声发射波的衰减特性,结论为声发射检测的后续研究提供数据支持。     

Molecular-Level Analysis of Shock-Wave Physics and Derivation of the Hugoniot Relations for Fused Silica

Equilibrium and non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations are employed in this study to investigate various aspects of shock waves in fused silica (a pure SiO₂ amorphous material used in transparent-armor applications). Equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations are used first to validate that the initial (unshocked) fused silica possesses the appropriate mass density and microstructure (as characterized by its partial Si-Si, Si-O, and O-O radial distribution functions). Next, non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations are employed, within a continuously contracting computational-cell scheme, to generate planar longitudinal (uniaxial motion) shocks of different strengths. By examining and quantifying the dynamics of shock-wave motion, the respective shock-Hugoniot relations (i.e., functional relations between various material-state variables in the material states produced by the shocks of different strengths) are determined. This methodology suggested that irreversible non-equilibrium deformation/damage processes play an important role in the mechanical response of fused silica to shock loading and that the ??equilibrium?? procedures for Hugoniot determination based on the equation of state and the Rankine-Hugoniot equation may not be fully justified. Finally, the non-equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations were used to identify the main microstructure modifying/altering processes accompanying the shock-wave motion through fused silica.     

Effect of Shock-Wave Deformation on Acoustic and Elastic Properties of Titanium Nickelide in Phase Transformations

Metal Science and Heat Treatment -     

17Cr2Ni2Mo钢粒状组织和粒状贝氏体的断裂特性

研究了１７Ｃｒ２Ｎｉ２Ｍｏ钢粒状组织和粒状贝氏体经低温和高温回火后的断裂特性。结果表明；粒状组织和粒状贝氏体经低温回火后，由于Ｍ－Ａ岛的分布，尺寸及应变诱发相变的影响而具有良好的强韧性，特别是其断裂韧性Ｊ１ｃ值较板条马氏体几乎高了一倍；而经高温回火后，由于Ｍ－Ａ岛分解出来的碳化物的偏聚，呈现出准解理特征，其断裂韧性远低于回火索氏体。     

颗粒物质的堵塞行为与非晶相变

近年来研究发现,颗粒物质堵塞(Jamming)和非晶相变(Glass-transition)这两个看似毫不相干的体系之间有着密切关联:颗粒物质的堵塞与非晶相变、颗粒堆积与非晶结构之间有着惊人的相似性,对颗粒物质堵塞过程的研究被认为是微观非晶转变的宏观化研究.本文概述了颗粒物质堵塞行为的基本特征和颗粒堆积结构等问题的重要研究进展,阐述了颗粒物质堵塞临界行为与非晶相变的内在联系和相互借鉴的科学意义.     

Fe-Cu颗粒膜结构及巨磁电阻效应研究

通过磁控溅射方法在室温衬底上制备了Fe23Cu77(at．％)颗粒膜，利用XRD、TEM、VSM及四探针方法对Fe23Cu77颗粒膜的结构、性能进行了研究。结果表明：室温时，尺寸约为1nm～10nm的Fe颗粒非均匀分布在Cu基体中，颗粒膜中存在着明显的织构。VSM测量表明室温颗粒膜呈超顺磁性，其磁化曲线符合朗之万函数。随退火温度提高，颗粒膜的巨磁电阻(GMR)值单调下降，在室温最大，其值约为-1.2％。其原因可归结于颗粒膜在室温下就达到了最佳的表面积与体积比，从而增强了自旋相关散射和GMR效应。通过最小非线性二乘方法拟合GMR-(M／Ms)曲线表明，低场时GMR与(M／Ms)呈平方率关系，而在高场时则偏离平方率关系。     

碳钛颗粒膜表面电子发射特性

采用磁控溅射技术沉积碳钛颗粒膜,应用图形化工艺制作基于碳钛颗粒膜的表面电子发射原型器件。在幅值渐增的三角波电压作用下,器件在电压幅值低于17V时,伏安特性呈明显的线性特性,对应的薄膜表面没有变化;进一步升高器件电压幅值,伏安特性呈明显的负阻特性,同时可以观测到表面电子发射,表面电子发射最大达到7.2μA,发射效率达到了0.094 3%,薄膜表面失色,产生明显的孔洞结构。根据F-N理论拟合器件电压和发射电流,所得Ie-Vf特性曲线呈直线,表明发射电子源于场致电子发射。     

计算材料学与材料设计

由于传统材料科学面临着研究对象的复杂性及新的实验手段和仪器难以满足研究条件等问题,计算材料学用于研究复杂材料和材料设计受到重视。本文针对材料研究的发展趋势,介绍了计算材料学的研究范畴及材料设计的基本思想。然后,介绍了用计算材料学进行材料设计的理论依据、研究方法、结构分析技术等相关内容。还列举了计算材料学的一些应用成果。     

(FeCo)-Ag颗粒膜制备及GMR性能的研究

采用磁控溅射方法制备了一系列的(Fe83Co17)xAg100-x(x=40,45,50,55,60)颗粒膜样品,并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、四探针方法以及振动样品磁强计(VSM)研究了(Fe83Co17)55Ag45颗粒膜沉积态及真空退火后的结构、巨磁电阻效应(GMR)以及磁性能。磁电阻测量表明:当x=55时,厚度为400nm的制备态薄膜样品(Fe83Co17)55Ag45的GMR值最大,为–8.1%;XRD结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,(Fe83Co17)55Ag45颗粒膜的微结构发生了演变,导致(Fe83Co17)55Ag45颗粒膜的GMR值呈现先增后降的趋势,在150℃达到最大值,其值约为–8.3%;(Fe83Co17)55Ag45样品的磁滞回线显示随着退火温度的不断升高,矫顽力逐渐增大。     

Formation of Mesoferrite and Granular Bainite in Low-Carbon Low-Alloy Steel

Special features in the formation of mesoferrite and granular bainite in low-carbon low-alloy steels are considered. A diagram of isothermal decomposition of austenite in steel 20Kh2NAch is plotted and the range of existence of mesoferrite is determined. Morphological differences between the granular intermediate structure formed in the isothermal decomposition of supercooled austenite in the intermediate temperature range and the granular bainite formed in the decomposition of austenite in continuous cooling are determined. The role of mesoferrite in the formation of these structures is considered.     

液压泵压力脉动分析及衰减措施

液压泵压力脉动影响系统工作性能，除改进液压泵设计之外，可在泵源装置中采用球腔式压力脉动衰减装置。     

多孔液压消音器的数学建模及衰减特性分析

对多孔液压消音器进行了物理建模,并推导出其传递矩阵;利用MATLAB编程,得到多孔液压消音器的衰减特性曲线。通过对特性曲线分析,结果表明:多孔液压消音器能够有效地吸收流体脉动,为相关研究提供了参考。     

12CrNi3钢粒状贝氏体的组织与性能

通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜研究了12CrNi3钢在不同的热处理条件下获得不同数量的粒状贝氏体,并测定其力学性能,得到粒状贝氏体含量与力学性能关系曲线,同时观察了其断口形貌特征。结果表明:在12CrNi3钢中,当粒状贝氏体含量占混合组织(马氏体 粒状贝氏体)含量30%以下时,合金的力学性能与单一板条马氏体的力学性能相比差别不大;合金中粒状贝氏体数量越多,其强度降低、塑性增加、冲击韧度增加;由断口分析知,不论是马氏体组织还是粒状贝氏体,或者是二者的混合组织,其断裂都表现为韧性断裂。     

球墨铸铁与灰口铸铁的超声衰减鉴别

为了找到快速准确鉴别球墨铸铁件与灰口铸铁件的现场检测方法，采用不同频率的超声波对不同厚度的球墨铸铁和灰口铸铁试样进行了超声衰减测试，发现灰口铸铁件超声衰减明显，而球墨铸铁件超声衰减微乎其微。分析认为在通常采用的波长范围内，产生超声衰减的主要原因是灰口铸铁中石墨晶体的构造以及石墨组织的形状、大小和分布。利用这一原理可以十分方便地鉴别球墨铸铁件和灰口铸铁件。     

Ti衬底层对FePt颗粒膜的微结构和磁特性的影响

在室温下,应用对靶直流磁控溅射设备在普通玻璃基片上制备了FePt(30nm)/Ti(tnm)颗粒膜样品,随后,在真空中进行了原位退火.详细研究了Ti衬底层对FePt颗粒膜的微结构和磁特性的影响.X射线衍射图谱表明样品形成了较有序的L10织构,Ti和FePt形成了三元FePtTi合金.当Ti层厚度t=5 nm、退火温度Ta=500℃时,样品具有高度有序的L10织构、小的颗粒尺寸和优异的磁特性.矫顽力超过了6.7 kOe,饱和磁化强度为620emu/cc.并且具有较小的开关场分布.结果表明FePt/Ti颗粒膜系统可作为超高密度磁记录介质的候选者.     

添加石墨量及粒度对铁基材料性能的影响

通过粉末烧结方法分别将100目、200目石墨与铸铁屑按照不同的质量比例（1％、2％、3％、4％）经混合、压块、烧结等程序得到铁基石墨复合材料，并测出不同成分试样的硬度、耐磨性。研究结果表明：随着石墨粒度的细化，铁基石墨复合材料的硬度提高，抗压强度降低，偶件的磨损增大；随石墨添加量增加，材料硬度和抗压强度降低、磨损量增大，材料磨擦系数降低，偶件的磨损量降低。     

粉尘粒径对颗粒床性能的影响

对颗粒床除尘前后的粉尘粒径大小和其在床层内部的分布情况进行了探讨。结果表明，颗粒床除尘器对粒径〉10μm以上的粉尘的捕尘效率较好。