基于遗传算法优化的QoS组播路由算法

QoS组播路由技术作为网络多媒体信息传输的一种核心技术,下一代网络中的QoS组播路由的优化算法已经成为目前研究的一个热点。针对QoS组播的网络模型,提出一种适用于下一代网络的组播路由算法能够更好的满足下一代网络的QoS组播需求显得尤为重要。本文讨论了遗传算法优化的QoS组播路由算法,最后探讨了下一代网络QoS组播路由算法的研究方向。     

基于蚁群算法的Ad Hoc网络QoS组播路由研究

在解决Ad Hoc网络QoS组播路由问题上,针对蚁群算法缺点,提出了一种融合粒子群优化思想的改进蚁群算法.该算法融合PSO思想以加速蚁群算法在路由发现及维护时的收敛速度.仿真结果表明,该算法具有较好的性能,是解决Ad Hoc网络QoS组播路由问题的有效方法.     

Ad Hoc 网络中的路由技术

作为下一代网络的重要组成部分,Ad Hoc网是目前的一个重要研究热点。根据Ad Hoc网络的特点,总结了Ad Hoc网中的路由技术。从路由查找和维护的角度分析和归纳了网络中关于单播路由、组播路由和QoS路由等的技术特点,指出了不同协议及算法的设计思路和解决策略,为寻求和设计更为高效的适合自组网特点的新型路由技术奠定基础。     

基于自适应蚁群的多约束QoS组播路由算法

结合多约束QoS组播路由的特点,应用一种自适应蚁群优化算法解决组播路由问题.考虑到实际通信中链路利用率对网络的影响,将网络中链路的带宽转化为链路的代价问题,并在蚁群算法中根据蚂蚁所选路径的代价进行信息素更新,增加了信息素调整的自适应性,同时加快了算法的收敛速度,使得组播路由算法在考虑网络QoS约束的基础上进一步贴合实际网络的需求.     

基于遗传_蚁群算法的多QoS约束组播路由优化算法

提出了一种将遗传算法与蚁群算法融合的新算法,用以满足多QoS约束的组播路由优化。算法首先利用遗传算法生成若干组优化解,将其转换成蚁群算法的信息素初值,然后利用蚁群算法来求取满足QoS约束的最优解。仿真结果表明此算法是有效的,其性能优于文献[6]中算法。     

基于QoS的动态组播路由算法

在分析了网络中基于QoS的组播路由问题的基础上,本文提出了一种新的动态算法,并进行了实验和分析,文中构造的路由方案成功地解决了当网络中存在多个组播及组播节点动态变化情况下的QoS路由选择问题,此方案不仅保证了带宽,端到端延时和延时抖动,优化了路由树的代价,而且有效地控制了算法的复杂性并可适用于大规模的网络中。     

基于免疫机制和遗传进化的网络组播路由优化算法

高速多媒体网络中的路由问题是有QoS约束的路由问题，满足一个或多个约束的组播路由问题是NP-完全问题。本文将免疫机制引入遗传进化，给出了一种基于免疫机制和遗传进化的网络组播路由优化算法。理论分析和仿真实验表明，该算法是一个非常有效的算法。     

一类基于源路由的多约束实时组播路由优化控制算法

随着Internet网络的不断发展,它将成为未来网络服务的平台,而未来网络服务的种类又是多种多样的,既有传统的尽量服务(Best-Effort Service)应用,又有对网络服务质量 [1](QoS:Quality of Service)有着特殊需求的应用.本文探讨了如何在网络层路由这一层面进行QoS组播路由支持的问题.目前,已有许多组播QoS路由算法提出,在QoS路由性能、网络资源使用效率以及路由吞吐率等方面取得了许多好的成果.针对这些QoS路由算法中存在的一些问题,提出了一种组播QoS路由算法.实验结果表明:该算法在适应网络拓扑结构、网络规模、对称/非对称链路负载等方面,与其它QoS路由算法相比,在算法性能上有了一定的改进.     

基于遗传算法的QoS组播路由算法的改进

QoS组播路由技术在网络技术发展中占有很重要的地位,是一种关键的技术。在分析网络模型的基础上,建立了组播问题的数学模型。遗传算法是一种经典的寻优算法,应用广泛,提出了改进的算法。并且结合改进Dijkstra算法,使算法能很好地体现实际组播路由问题的特点。试验表明,这种新的算法可靠性更高,适应了当今网络性能优化的需要。     

结合资源预留的分布式QoS组播路由算法

针对网络资源信息的动态变化对QoS组播路由算法的巨大影响,该文提出了一种与资源预留结合的分布式组播路由算法DQMTR。DQMTR通过在路径探索过程中进行资源预留克服网络信息变化对QoS路由算法的影响。DQMTR还通过记录预约资源的数量解决资源的过预约问题,并利用DiffServ体系下QoS路由算法的特点使算法能够适用于DiffServ网络。仿真实验表明,DQMTR提高了组成员加入的成功率,优化了平均路径代价值。     

A dynamic multicast routing satisfying multiple QoS constraints

In this paper we propose a QoS‐based routing algorithm for dynamic multicasting. The complexity of the problem can be reduced to a simple shortest path problem by applying a Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) service discipline. Using a modified Bellman–Ford algorithm, the proposed routing builds a multicast tree, where a node is added to the existing multicast tree without re‐routing and satisfying QoS constraints. With user defined life‐time of connection this heuristic algorthm builds multicast tree which is near optimum over the whole duration of session. Simulation results show that tree costs are nearly as good as other dynamic multicast routings that does not consider QoS. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A novel multicast traffic engineering technique in SDN using TLBO algorithm

In recent years, multicast communication is widely used by network providers to deliver multimedia contents. Quality of service (QoS) provisioning is one of the most important issues while transmitting multimedia contents using multicast. Traditional IP multicasting techniques suffer from reliability, scalability and have limitations to provide appropriate QoS for multimedia applications based on service level agreement (SLA). Nowadays, the advent of software defined networking (SDN), enables network providers to manage their networks dynamically and guarantee QoS parameters for customers based on SLA. SDN provides capabilities to monitor network resources and allows to dynamically configure desired multicasting policies. In this paper, we proposed a novel multicasting technique to guarantee QoS for multimedia applications over SDN. To deliver multimedia contents in an efficient manner, our proposed method models multicast routing as a delay constraint least cost (DCLC) problem. As DCLC problem is NP-Complete, we proposed an approximation algorithm using teaching–learning-based optimization to solve this problem. We evaluated our proposed method under different topologies. Experimental results confirmed that our proposed method outperforms IP multicast routing protocol, and it achieves a gain of about 25% for peak signal-to-noise ratio.     

Ad Hoc网络中基于粒子群优化的QoS多播路由研究

针对Ad Hoc网络中带QoS约束的多播路由问题，提出了一种新的结合MAODV多播路由发现方法和粒．子群优化算法的QoS多播路由发现算法。仿真试验显示该算法较好地改进了端到端传输的代价、延时和带宽利用率，能够找到一棵消耗趋于最小、状态稳定的多播路由树。     

分布式服务质量路由预计算算法

服务质量路由作为下一代IP互联网提供服务质量(QoS)控制的一种重要方案,如何提高其可扩展性和路由性能是有待解决的难题.本文提出了基于聚类的分布式预计算算法,以具有多种QoS参数的路由表预计算为目标,引入了支持QoS参数的扩展距离向量,通过网络中各个节点的分布式协同计算,大大降低了单个路由器的计算复杂度.文章分析了优势路径及其选取策略,给出了路由计算中优势路径聚集的聚类方法,实现了QoS路由表的高效聚集压缩.实验结果进一步验证了该算法具有计算量小和QoS路由性能高的优点,在QoS度量维数和网络规模方面均具有良好的可扩展性,并对域间算法研究提供了重要依据.     

Two algorithms for multi‐constrained optimal multicast routing

Multimedia applications, such as video‐conferencing and video‐on‐demand, often require quality of service (QoS) guarantees from the network, typically in the form of minimum bandwidth, maximum delay, jitter and packet loss constraints, among others. The problem of multicast routing subject to various forms of QoS constraints has been studied extensively. However, most previous efforts have focused on special situations where a single or a pair of constraints is considered. In general, routing under multiple constraints, even in the unicast case is an NP‐complete problem. We present in this paper two practical and efficient algorithms, called multi‐constrained QoS dependent multicast routing (M_QDMR) and (multicasting routing with multi‐constrained optimal path selection (M_MCOP)), for QoS‐based multicast routing under multiple constraints with cost optimization. We provide proof in the paper that our algorithms are correct. Furthermore, through extensive simulations, we illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposals and demonstrate their significant performance improvement in creating multicast trees with lower cost and higher success probability. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A resource‐tuned QoS multicast routing protocol

This paper presents a novel framework for quality‐of‐service (QoS) multicast routing with resource allocation that represents QoS parameters, jitter delay, and reliability, as functions of adjustable network resources, bandwidth, and buffer, rather than static metrics. The particular functional form of QoS parameters depends on rate‐based service disciplines used in the routers. This allows intelligent tuning of QoS parameters as functions of allocated resources during the multicast tree search process, rather than decoupling the tree search from resource allocation. The proposed framework minimizes the network resource utilization while keeping jitter delay, reliability, and bandwidth bounded. This definition makes the proposed QoS multicast routing with resource allocation problem more general than the classical minimum Steiner tree problem. As an application of our general framework, we formulate the QoS multicast routing with resource allocation problem for a network consisting of generalized processor sharing nodes as a mixed‐integer quadratic program and find the optimal multicast tree with allocated resources to satisfy the QoS constraints. We then present a polynomial‐time greedy heuristic for the QoS multicast routing with resource allocation problem and compare its performance with the optimal solution of the mixed‐integer quadratic program. The simulation results reveal that the proposed heuristic finds near‐optimal QoS multicast trees along with important insights into the interdependency of QoS parameters and resources.     

基于克隆选择的QoS组播路由优化

衡量QoS组播路由主要性能指标有延时,代价,带宽等,本文所提出的基于遗传算法的多约束QoS组播路由优化算法.引入了一个综合性能指标Q适应度函数,对延时、带宽、代价这3个性能指标进行权衡.以减小组播树的代价和延时,增大带宽,提高组播的服务质量.并对解决传统算法对于存在两组及以上的组播树,他们的代价都是最优的,延时和带宽都满足受限条件时无法选择的问题十分有效的.     

Tabu search based algorithms for bandwidth-delay-constrained least-cost multicast routing

The advent of various real-time multimedia applications in high-speed networks creates a need for quality of service (QoS) based multicast routing. The Steiner tree problem, is a well-known NP-complete problem, provides the mathematical structure behind multicast communications. Two important QoS constraints are the bandwidth constraint and the end-to-end delay constraint. In this paper, we propose various algorithms to solve the bandwidth-delay-constrained least-cost multicast routing problem based on Tabu Search (TS), addressing issues of the selected initial solution and move type as two major building blocks in short-term memory version of Tabu Search and longer-term memory with associated intensification and diversification strategies as advanced Tabu Search techniques. We evaluate the performance and efficiency of the proposed TS-based algorithms in comparison with other existing TS-based algorithms and heuristics on a variety of random generated networks with regard to total tree cost. Finally we identify the most efficient algorithm uncovered by our testing.     

无线Mesh网络可靠多播路由

无线Mesh网络多播路由是无线路由必须解决的关键技术。部分研究者对网络资源和服务质量（QoS）进行研究,提出了建立最短路径树、最小开销树、负载感知、信道分配多播等多播算法;有的算法考虑链路可靠性,建立备用路径。将结合网络资源和可靠性对多播路由算法进行研究,提出了建立可靠多播树（RT,Reliable Tree）的多播路由算法：可靠多播树是一个多树结构,由一棵首选多播树和一棵多径树构成,多径树提供可靠多路径,以提高网络吞吐量。