单调、循环及冲击荷载作用下单板抗剪连接件的力学性能

给出力学模型描述钢单板抗剪连接件的结构特性,模型旨在预测连接件在单调、循环及冲击荷载作用下的性能。基于对称分量法、运动硬化理论和能量守恒定律推导出理论公式。该模型和计算式能够根据连接件的几何特性和材料特性预测其在各种荷载作用下的力学性能。根据试验和有限元分析结果验证模型的可靠性和精确性。使用该力学模型进行框架分析时效果显著。     

螺栓连接冷弯型钢抗弯节点的循环特性:包括滑移在内的有限元模拟

使用有限元程序模拟螺栓连接冷弯型钢抗弯节点的弯矩-转角滞回性能和失效变形。在模拟螺栓连接的响应系数时遇到的最主要问题即是滑移的存在。对在循环荷载下的6个装配冷弯型钢弯曲梁、一个支撑柱和一个贯穿板的梁柱进行试验。连接件的弯矩-转角性能由弯曲梁或连接件的滑动螺栓所控制。提出的有限元模型包含梁的几何缺陷、由拉伸试验所得出的材料特性和两种性能的滑移螺栓。修正后的有限元模型可以更准确地预测梁的受抗弯性能影响的连接件其弯矩-转角的滞回性能。一个简化的循环滑移模型可在一个已降低的滑动阻力下进行滑移,并能较好地模拟受滑移螺栓支配的连接件的滞回性能。可使用修正后的有限元模型模拟预测出连接件的失效模式,且与试验数据吻合较好。     

钢结构梁柱T型连接节点的力学性能分析

为深入对比分析T型连接件各参数变化对节点力学性能的影响,利用ANSYS有限元结构分析软件建立了10个不同构造尺寸的三维有限元计算模型,并对其进行单向静力荷载作用下的有限元分析。研究了翼缘板厚度、螺栓直径及螺栓平面构造等几何参数变化对其力学性能的影响。分析结果表明:T型连接节点具有较高的承载能力以及较强的塑性变形能力;改变T型连接件翼缘板厚度、螺栓直径以及螺栓中心至腹板边缘的距离对T型连接节点的力学性能均有明显影响;增加T型连接件翼缘板厚度和螺栓直径,可以提高T型件连接节点承载力,减小连接板件的变形和撬力。     

螺栓翼缘板连接件设计模型的抗弯性能

研究纯弯曲作用下翼缘板连接件的抗弯性能并提出一个实用的设计模型。对4种基本的螺栓翼缘板连接件进行试验且进行相关的有限元分析。通过试验结果验证有限元模型,证明其精确性和可靠性。根据有限元分析Von-Mises应力分布和端板连接件的接触压力。通过理论模型可直接使用一些有价值的信息得到相关的屈服性能并确定压力中心。使用虚功原理推导出翼缘板的抗弯性能。证明该理论模型可以很好地预测这种连接件的屈服抗弯能力。同时,使用类似传统T形件的连接件来获得螺栓的抗弯性能。将两个不同的设计模型相结合并假设端板会比高强螺栓更早失效,并提出一个实际的设计方法。根据这种设计方法设计安全又经济的连接件。此外,所提出的设计模型对其他类型的螺栓翼缘板连接件的实际设计有参考意义。     

带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土剪力传递性能研究

通过15个带栓钉连接件的型钢混凝土短柱在单调荷载下的推出试验及1个自然黏结试件的对比试验,研究带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土短柱的破坏形态、裂缝模式、荷载-滑移特性、型钢应变分布、剪力传递承载力等。试验结果表明:带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土推出试件的破坏以混凝土劈裂为主,劈裂裂缝出现的方位与栓钉的布置位置有关。典型试件的荷载-滑移曲线大致可分为5个阶段,分别为无滑移段、滑移段、破坏段、荷载下降段及残余段。由于栓钉剪切变形的影响,栓钉根部混凝土受局部承压作用,混凝土与型钢表面原有的自然黏结将受到损坏,近栓钉位置的型钢应变产生突变,应变分布表现出与自然黏结试件不一样的特征。在其他条件基本相同的情况下,型钢腹板布置栓钉的试件,其极限荷载和残余荷载比型钢翼缘布置栓钉的试件高,与极限荷载相对应的端部滑移比型钢翼缘布置栓钉的试件大。根据试件的受力机理和力的扩散原则,提出了带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土推出试件的承载力计算公式及防止栓钉外侧混凝土劈裂破坏的构造措施,公式计算结果与试验结果总体相符且偏于安全。     

基于梁式试验与推出试验的栓钉连接件荷载-滑移关系对比研究

为比较基于梁式试验与推出试验得到的栓钉连接件荷载-滑移关系,在定性理论分析的基础上,建立两种试验的精细化有限元模型并进行了试验验证,运用有限元模型分析两种试验中栓钉连接件的受力状态,比较栓钉连接件的抗剪承载力和剪切刚度。结果表明,在弹性阶段,梁式试验中栓钉连接件处于双向受压状态,栓钉连接件所受掀起力较小,剪切刚度比推出试验高;在极限状态下,梁式试验中栓钉连接件所受掀起力大,栓钉连接件的抗剪承载力较推出试验低。建议当采用推出试验获得栓钉连接件的荷载-滑移关系时,应考虑将栓钉连接件的抗剪承载力进行适当折减,而剪切刚度不予折减。     

高温后反复荷载下带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土界面力传递性能研究

通过对6个高温后带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土短柱反复加载试验和6个高温后试件的单调加载对比试验,研究高温后反复荷载下带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土短柱的破坏形态、荷载-滑移特性、界面剪切承载力等。研究结果表明:带栓钉连接件型钢混凝土试件在反复荷载下的破坏形态与单调荷载下大致相同,破坏以栓钉外侧混凝土劈裂为主。试件的滑移刚度和界面剪切承载力随着升温时曾经经历最高温度的增加及最高温度持续时间的增长而下降。翼缘布置栓钉试件的滑移刚度和界面剪切承载力高于相同条件下腹板布置栓钉试件的滑移刚度和剪切承载力。与单调加载相比,反复荷载下试件界面剪切承载力下降。     

埋入式钢柱脚抗震性能的试验研究

通过对埋入式钢柱脚低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究,分析了埋深比和栓钉布置方式对柱脚节点抗震性能的影响.采用ABAQUS有限元程序,对埋入式柱脚在反复荷载作用下进行了非线性有限元分析.试验研究和数值分析表明,埋深比和栓钉的布置方式对柱脚的抗震性能有较大影响.最后提出了最小埋深比和栓钉的合理布置方式.     

极地低温下栓钉连接件受剪性能试验研究及有限元分析

为研究栓钉连接件在极地低温下的受剪性能,利用复叠式低温冷库、自制保温装置和电液伺服压力试验机对12个栓钉连接试件进行了推出试验,同时采用ABAQUS软件对其进行有限元分析,研究了温度、栓钉直径对低温下栓钉连接件受剪性能的影响。通过试验和有限元分析得到了试件破坏模式、荷载-滑移曲线、栓钉受剪承载力及极限滑移量,结果表明:试件在低温下出现栓钉剪断和栓钉剪断-混凝土压坏混合破坏两种破坏形式;在20～-80℃范围内,随着温度的降低,栓钉受剪承载力增大而极限滑移量减小,在-60～-80℃范围内,温度变化对栓钉连接件受剪性能的影响较小;在极地低温下,随着栓钉直径增大,栓钉连接件的受剪承载力和极限滑移量增加。采用ABAQUS软件考虑低温本构的有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合程度较高,通过试验结果拟合出的荷载-滑移曲线效果良好。     

钢-混组合桥梁多螺栓抗剪连接件的静力特性

为研究单螺栓和多螺栓连接件的不同特性进行了推出试验。结果显示:单螺栓与多螺栓连接件刚度相近,多螺栓连接件中螺栓间距对刚度影响不大。单螺栓连接件的极限强度比多螺栓连接件的高出10%。当荷载达到最大时,单螺栓连接件的相对滑移较多螺栓连接件大19%。多螺栓对抗剪连接件的静力特性几乎没有影响。基于推出试验,给出螺栓的荷载-滑移关系式。与已有关系式相比,新的表达式与试验结果更为接近。研究了连接件的静力特性,并与设计方程进行了对比。结果显示:EC4的计算结果与多螺栓的试验结果一致,美国桥梁设计规范和中国规范的计算结果与单螺栓的试验结果一致。     

Shear strength of high-strength bolts at elevated temperature

Failure of bolted connections has frequently occurred during fire events. Because knowledge of the behavior of high-strength bolts while under fire is insufficient, there is further need to establish the behavior of high-strength bolt while under fire load. In this study, the behavior of high-strength bolts was investigated by a series of tests conducted at elevated temperatures with the parameters of temperature, number of bolts and the joint geometry analyzed. The strength deterioration and the deformation characteristics of the bolts were analyzed and discussed. Based on the experimental results, it was found that AIJ specification provides a conservative prediction for the strength of high-strength bolt under fire conditions, while BS5950 overestimated bolt strength. Eurocode 3 gave a good prediction on bolt strength.     

Flush Endplate Connections in Fire: Time-Dependent Behavior of Tension Bolts

Steel connections play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and stability of steel building frames especially when exposed to fire temperatures. The behavior of flush endplate connections in fire is shown to be governed by tension bolt failure as bolts lose their strength and stiffness more rapidly at higher temperatures. As a result, the ability to predict the development of stresses in tension bolts of flush endplate connections at different stages of fire is of special importance. One of the factors influencing bolt stresses in fire is the thermal creep or time-dependent inelastic response of steel to elevated temperatures. Therefore, time- and temperature-dependent behavior of tension bolts of flush endplate connections in fire is the focus of this study. Stress-time histories in tension bolts are obtained by explicit consideration of thermal creep of steel in FE models of flush endplate connections at elevated temperatures. To better understand the effect of thermal creep on tension bolt behavior, the correlation between time-dependent rotational deformation of flush endplate connections and bolt stresses is also investigated. Further, the isochronous representation is utilized to study the rotational deformation and the tension bolt stresses under various applied moments ranging from 50% to 95% of the moment capacity and fire temperatures ranging from 450°C to 600°C with 25°C increment. Through such representation, it is indicated that the connection behavior is not only dependent on bolt strength degradation and applied moment, but also affected by the time duration of applied moments and temperatures. Also, with the inclusion of thermal creep of steel, the connection experiences higher rotation and excessive endplate deformation with stress relaxation leading to top tension bolt failure at earlier stages of fire. More specifically, for time exposure greater than or equal to 60 min, the failure temperature of the connection decreases from 600°C to around 550°C. Therefore, neglecting thermal creep of structural steel may result in an unsafe prediction of the overall response of flush endplate connections in fire.     

重组竹钢夹板螺栓连接抗火性能试验研究

为研究重组竹钢夹板螺栓连接节点耐火极限及失效机理,依据ISO 834标准火灾试验方法设计并制作了3组24个螺栓连接试件,以螺栓数量、端距、行距、厚径比(竹板厚度与螺栓直径之比),持荷比(施加荷载与极限荷载之比)以及防火保护为试验参数,对其进行抗火性能试验研究。结果表明：当试件的厚径比为5.0~5.7时,单螺栓和多螺栓连接的破坏形态表现为螺栓孔压溃、竹材撕裂但螺栓未弯曲,当试件的厚径比为8.0~10.0时,破坏形态表现为螺栓孔压溃、竹材撕裂且螺栓弯曲,但厚径比对单螺栓连接耐火极限的影响并不显著;随着螺栓数量、端距和行距的增加,螺栓连接的耐火极限逐渐提高;增加持荷比使得螺栓连接耐火极限降低,防火保护对螺栓连接的抗火性能提升显著。通过对不同形式螺栓连接内部温度分析,揭示了火灾下重组竹材炭化性能及螺栓连接中孔受力对温度场的影响规律。     

Numerical investigations on the thermo-mechanical behavior of steel-to-timber joints exposed to fire

A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to predict the thermo-mechanical behavior of steel-to-timber doweled joints in tension parallel to grain exposed to fire. To manage the plastic yielding of the materials, the mechanical model is based on the von Mises criterion for steel and the Hill criterion for timber. In fire, the material characteristics depend on the temperature. Two different meshes are used for the thermal and the thermo-mechanical models. The thermal model is continuous, to take account of the thermal continuity between the joint components. The thermo-mechanical model is discontinuous, to consider the contact evolution between the joint components. The thermal model is used to predict the evolution of the temperature field inside the joint which depend on the gas temperature. It is validated on the basis of measured temperatures during fire tests. The complex transformations in wood during fire are represented by apparent values of thermo-physical characteristics proposed in the bibliography and calibrated on the basis of the experimental measurements. The mechanical model is validated by comparison with the experimental results of joints in normal conditions. The thermo-mechanical model is validated by considering the experimental failure times of some joints. The numerical models showed a good capacity to simulate the behavior of the timber joints in cold and in fire situations. These developed and tested models can be used as a general tool to analyze the behavior of a large variety of joint configurations to constitute a data base that can be used in safe and economic practice of fire engineering of wood joints.     

Behavior of bolted top-seat angle connections in fire

Beam-to-column connections have been found to be of great significance in influencing structural behavior at ambient and elevated temperatures. When steel-framed structures are subjected to fire, the load bearing capacity is decreased and the behavior of the joints is of particular concern. Observations from full-scale fire tests and damaged structures confirm that connections have a considerable effect on the stability time of structural components in fire. The cost of high temperature tests on the broad range of connections used in practice means that their influence is not well detailed in current design codes. The paucity of data also limits the effective use of numerical models developed to simulate the behavior of complete structures at elevated temperatures. In this study, 12 full-scale tests were conducted at elevated temperatures on two types of bolted angle beam-to-column connections in order to investigate their resistance to fire. The failure modes and deformation patterns of these specimens were studied and the results are shown as rotation-temperature curves. In addition, the influence of different parameters such as thickness of the angles, the grade of bolts, and other geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the connections were studied.     

Behavior of bolted circular flange connections subject to tensile loading

This paper presents the tensile behavior of bolted circular flange connections that represent typical connectivity of leg members in a steel guyed lattice communication tower. A total of twelve specimens have been tested to failure under increasing monotonic tension. Each test specimen consists of a pair of circular flange plates (Φ178 mm), where each plate is welded to a solid circular bar. The flanges are bolted back-to-back using two high-strength bolts located 180º apart. The focus of the experiment includes the development of gaps between the upper and lower flanges connected with ASTM A325 bolts (Φ16 mm), increase in bolt forces, and prying action. The development of gaps between the flanges is significantly influenced by the size of leg members. The increase in the bolt force at failure is approximately 40%, relative to the initial preload of 110 kN. The maximum prying force is observed at the preload level and the prying force decreases gradually as the flanges are further loaded, indicating a complete separation of the upper and lower flanges. The widely used T-stub design equations conservatively predict the behavior of bolted circular flange connections. The proposed predictive equations agree well with the test data, especially near the failure of the bolts.     

Parametric analysis of steel bolted end plate connections using finite element modeling

This paper presents and discusses results of parametric analyses on the behavior of bolted extended end plate connections using Finite Element (FE) modeling tools. The analyses were calibrated to experimental results that are also briefly reviewed in this paper. The analytical models took into account material nonlinearities, geometrical discontinuities and large displacements. Comparisons between numerical and experimental data for moment-rotation curves, displacements of the end plate, and forces on bolts showed satisfactory agreement. Phenomenological T-stub failure models were also used for calculations of the flexural strength for the end plate. These models clearly support the numerical results and show how the interaction between the end plate and the bolts changes the connections’ behavior. The results presented herein show that failures associated with either formation of yield lines in the plate (Mode 1) or bolt tension failure (Mode 3) are well-defined, while failures due to combinations of these mechanisms (Mode 2) represent levels of interaction between the end plate and bolts that are difficult to predict accurately. These results also indicate that the T-stub analogy has limitations in representing the yield lines at the end plate, leading to limitations both in accounting for prying action and in predicting values for strength and stiffness of the connection.     

Behavior of bolted angle connections subjected to combined shear force and moment

In this paper, the effect of web angle dimensions on moment-rotation behavior of bolted top and seat angle connections, with double web angles is studied. Several 3D parametric finite element (FE) models are presented in this study whose geometrical and mechanical properties are used as parameters. In these models, all of the connection components, such as beam, column, angles and bolts are modeled using solid elements. The effect of interactions between components, such as slippage of bolts and frictional forces, are modeled using a surface contact algorithm. To evaluate the behavior of connection more precisely, bolt pretensioning force is applied on bolt shanks as the first load case. The results of this numerical modeling are compared with the results of experimental works done by other researchers and good agreement was observed. To study the influence of shear force on behavior of these connections, several models were analyzed using different values of shear force. The effect of important parameters, especially the effect of web angle dimension, is studied then. An equation is proposed to determine the reduction factor for initial rotational stiffness of connection using connection initial rotational stiffness, yield moment, the expected shear force and web angle dimension. The proposed equation is compared with other existing formulations and it was observed that the proposed model is a better estimator of connection behavior.     

GFRP板-木螺栓连接节点群组效应的受拉试验研究

木结构中多采用钢板-木螺栓连接节点,由于木材本身含水率及环境影响,会导致钢板发生腐蚀,从而给结构带来耐久性问题.文章提出采用拉挤成型玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)板替代钢板作为木结构的连接板,以提高结构耐久性,并且研究了GFRP板-木螺栓连接节点的群组效应.文章通过GFRP板-木螺栓连接节点拉伸试验,研究螺栓直径、螺...     

单面自紧螺栓成型机理与受剪承载力试验研究

针对传统扭剪型高强螺栓连接施工过程中往往需要两个操作面,难以应用于闭口截面构件之间连接的问题,设计开发一种单面自紧高强螺栓(self-tightening high strength one-side bolt,SHSOB)。通过对SHSOB螺栓的试验研究,考察了其成型机理、安装工艺和受力性能,获取了SHSOB螺栓的破坏模式、预紧力时变效应、抗滑移系数及剪力-位移曲线。研究表明：SHSOB螺栓预紧力可以满足GB 50017—2017《钢结构设计标准》中高强螺栓预紧力的设计要求;预紧力松弛在起始阶段较快,随后趋于稳定;SHSOB螺栓连接的受剪破坏模式和剪力随时间的变化规律均与传统扭剪型高强螺栓相似,均以螺杆被剪断发生破坏;在发生摩擦滑移破坏前,螺栓连接的剪力由摩擦力传递,孔壁承压阶段通过螺栓杆和孔壁的压力传递。在此基础上,推导了SHSOB螺栓的受剪承载力理论计算式,对比发现理论值、试验值和规范值吻合较好,SHSOB螺栓的受剪承载力可以满足GB 50017—2017《钢结构设计标准》中摩擦型高强螺栓受剪承载力的设计要求。